West (2010, p.357): "The Kalasha are a unique people living in just three valleys near Chitral, Pakistan, the capital of North-West Frontier Province, which borders Afghanistan [...] However, it is much more likely, given their Indo-Aryan language, that the religion of the Kalasha is much more closely aligned to the Hinduism of their Indian neighbours that to the religion of Alexander the Great and his armies." West, Barbara A. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p.357. ISBN978-1-4381-1913-7.
Dani, Ahmad Hasan (2001). History of Northern Areas of Pakistan. Sang-e-Meel Publications. p.66. ISBN978-969-35-1231-1.: "Kalasha came from the south, from present day Afghanistan where the Waigal valley is still called Kalashum. It seems that the Kalasha speaking people were expelled from this territory by Nuristani tribes some centuries ago; they left it and pushed up to settle in lower Chiral, which they occupied entirely to be later pushed back in their present location by the Khowar speaking Chitralis or Khos, whose original abode is clearly Northern Chitral.
Richard R. Strand, The kalaṣa of kalaṣüm: "According to their traditions, the Väi fled the Ghaznavid invasion of Kâma, following the Kunar up tomâdešandsamâlâmin the Shigal Valley and thence over the watershed to their main community ofväigal. Accounts of the Gawâr people state that the Väi expropriated the current site of Väigal from the Gawâr, who fled to the Kunar Valley. As the Väi expanded, they established the communities listed above. At a probable later time, Âṣkuňu-speaking immigrants from the community of Nakara in the Titin Valley in Laghmân migrated eastward, settled the community ofgřâmsaňâ gřâmin the middle Pech Valley, and thence moved further on into the lower Wâigal basin. There they established the community ofnišeigrâmand gradually settled the district ofčimi, which includes the communities ofmüldeš,kegal, andakuṇ. Thečima-nišei, as these people call themselves, drove out the nativepreǰvře˜inhabitants to the neighbouring valley of Tregâm. They apparently adopted the language,väi-alâ, of the upper valley inhabitants (varǰan); so that today both the Čima-Nišei and the Väi speak Kalaṣa-alâ, although with a distinct division of dialects. The inhabitants of the hamlet ofvântwere originally refugees from later Muslim invaders in Tregâm; they speak Kalaṣa-alâ but are not reckoned as either Väi or Čima-Nišei."
Zaheer-ud-Din (2015): "With the strengthen of Muslim rule in Chitral in 14th century C. E. most of the Kalash embraced Islam gradually, except a small number of them who up-hold their religion and customs [...] increasing Muslim population that converted the majority of the Kalash to a minority even in these valleys as well." Zaheer-ud-Din (2015). "Muslim Impact on Religion and Culture of the Kalash"(PDF). Da"wah Academy, International Islamic University. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
Zaheer-ud-Din (2015): "With the strengthen of Muslim rule in Chitral in 14th century C. E. most of the Kalash embraced Islam gradually, except a small number of them who up-hold their religion and customs [...] increasing Muslim population that converted the majority of the Kalash to a minority even in these valleys as well." Zaheer-ud-Din (2015). "Muslim Impact on Religion and Culture of the Kalash"(PDF). Da"wah Academy, International Islamic University. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
