Kale (English Wikipedia)

Walsh RP, Bartlett H, Eperjesi F (2015). "Variation in Carotenoid Content of Kale and Other Vegetables: A Review of Pre- and Post-harvest Effects". J Agric Food Chem. 63 (28 Oct): 9677–82. Bibcode:2015JAFC...63.9677W. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03691. PMID 26477753.
Kushad MM, Brown AF, Kurilich AC, Juvik JA, Klein BP, Wallig MA, Jeffery EH (1999). "Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea". J Agric Food Chem. 47 (4): 1541–8. Bibcode:1999JAFC...47.1541K. doi:10.1021/jf980985s. PMID 10564014.
Zietz, Michaela; Weckmüller, Annika; Schmidt, Susanne; Rohn, Sascha; Schreiner, Monika; Krumbein, A; Kroh, Lothar W (2010). "Genotypic and Climatic Influence on the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58 (4): 2123–2130. Bibcode:2010JAFC...58.2123Z. doi:10.1021/jf9033909. PMID 20095605.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Watson, Benjamin (1996). Taylor's Guide to Heirloom Vegetables. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-395-70818-7. kale frost.
Wise, V.; Hawken, S. (1999). The Gardeners' Community Cookbook. Workman Pub. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-7611-1772-8. Retrieved 2 April 2017.

bestfoodfacts.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Facts, Best Food (26 April 2017). "Food Facts: Broccoli's Wild Roots | BestFoodFacts.org". Best Food Facts. Retrieved 29 June 2023.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Tomar, BS (2008). VK Science – Biology. FK Publications. p. 149. ISBN 978-81-88597-06-2. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
Derek B. Munro Vegetables of Canada, p. 120, at Google Books
Bailey, L. H., (1912, republished in 1975). Jersey kale Photo. In Cyclopedia of American Agriculture: Vol. II--crops Archived 27 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Macmillan Publishing, New York. pp. 389–90. ISBN 0-405-06762-3.
Larkcom, Joy (1 June 2003). The Organic Salad Garden. frances lincoln ltd. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-0-7112-2204-5. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
Gray, R.; Rogers, R. (2013). The River Cafe Cookbook. Ebury Publishing. p. pt80. ISBN 978-1-4464-6035-1. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
The Illustrated Cook's Book of Ingredients. DK Publishing. 2010. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7566-7673-5. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
Rogers, N. (2003). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-19-516896-9. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2017.

chron.com (Global: 782^nd place; English: 402^nd place)

blog.chron.com

"THE LAZY GARDENER 'Off one's kail' you'll be if you eat these winter beauties". The Lazy Gardener. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

gardening.cornell.edu

"Growing guide for kale". Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 2006. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Walsh RP, Bartlett H, Eperjesi F (2015). "Variation in Carotenoid Content of Kale and Other Vegetables: A Review of Pre- and Post-harvest Effects". J Agric Food Chem. 63 (28 Oct): 9677–82. Bibcode:2015JAFC...63.9677W. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03691. PMID 26477753.
Kushad MM, Brown AF, Kurilich AC, Juvik JA, Klein BP, Wallig MA, Jeffery EH (1999). "Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea". J Agric Food Chem. 47 (4): 1541–8. Bibcode:1999JAFC...47.1541K. doi:10.1021/jf980985s. PMID 10564014.
Houghton, C. A.; Fassett, R. G.; Coombes, J. S. (2013). "Sulforaphane: Translational research from laboratory bench to clinic". Nutrition Reviews. 71 (11): 709–26. doi:10.1111/nure.12060. PMID 24147970.
Nugrahedi, P. Y.; Verkerk, R; Widianarko, B; Dekker, M (2015). "A mechanistic perspective on process-induced changes in glucosinolate content in Brassica vegetables: A review". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 55 (6): 823–38. doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.688076. PMID 24915330. S2CID 25728864.
Armesto, Jorge; Gómez-Limia, Lucía; Carballo, Javier; Martínez, Sidonia (23 July 2018). "Effects of different cooking methods on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid, organic acid and mineral contents of Galega kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cv. Galega)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 70 (2): 136–149. doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1482530. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 30037287. S2CID 51712893.
Korus, Anna; Lisiewska, Zofia (2011). "Effect of preliminary processing and method of preservation on the content of selected antioxidative compounds in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) leaves". Food Chemistry. 129 (1): 149–154. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.048.
Zietz, Michaela; Weckmüller, Annika; Schmidt, Susanne; Rohn, Sascha; Schreiner, Monika; Krumbein, A; Kroh, Lothar W (2010). "Genotypic and Climatic Influence on the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58 (4): 2123–2130. Bibcode:2010JAFC...58.2123Z. doi:10.1021/jf9033909. PMID 20095605.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"Kale". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2016. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

europeantraveler.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bremen's unique tradition | European Traveler". europeantraveler.net. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2020.

express.co.uk (Global: 796^th place; English: 532^nd place)

Titchmarsh, Alan (3 May 2015). "Land army: Alan Titchmarsh on how gardening became essential for survival during wartime". The Express. Retrieved 5 August 2017.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

garden.eco (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Is Ornamental Kale Edible? Yes, But Not That Tasty". Garden.eco. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2018.

gastropod.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Graber, Cynthia; Twilley, Nicola. "Meet the Man Who Found, Finagled, and Ferried Home the Foods We Eat Today". Gastropod. Retrieved 5 June 2018.

gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,504^th place; English: 1,408^th place)

arts.gla.ac.uk

Scott, Maggie. "Scots Word of the Season: Kailyard". arts.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2017.

myfolia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Couve Galega (Portuguese Cabbage)". Folia. myfolia.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Walsh RP, Bartlett H, Eperjesi F (2015). "Variation in Carotenoid Content of Kale and Other Vegetables: A Review of Pre- and Post-harvest Effects". J Agric Food Chem. 63 (28 Oct): 9677–82. Bibcode:2015JAFC...63.9677W. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03691. PMID 26477753.
Kushad MM, Brown AF, Kurilich AC, Juvik JA, Klein BP, Wallig MA, Jeffery EH (1999). "Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea". J Agric Food Chem. 47 (4): 1541–8. Bibcode:1999JAFC...47.1541K. doi:10.1021/jf980985s. PMID 10564014.
Houghton, C. A.; Fassett, R. G.; Coombes, J. S. (2013). "Sulforaphane: Translational research from laboratory bench to clinic". Nutrition Reviews. 71 (11): 709–26. doi:10.1111/nure.12060. PMID 24147970.
Nugrahedi, P. Y.; Verkerk, R; Widianarko, B; Dekker, M (2015). "A mechanistic perspective on process-induced changes in glucosinolate content in Brassica vegetables: A review". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 55 (6): 823–38. doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.688076. PMID 24915330. S2CID 25728864.
Armesto, Jorge; Gómez-Limia, Lucía; Carballo, Javier; Martínez, Sidonia (23 July 2018). "Effects of different cooking methods on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid, organic acid and mineral contents of Galega kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cv. Galega)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 70 (2): 136–149. doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1482530. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 30037287. S2CID 51712893.
Zietz, Michaela; Weckmüller, Annika; Schmidt, Susanne; Rohn, Sascha; Schreiner, Monika; Krumbein, A; Kroh, Lothar W (2010). "Genotypic and Climatic Influence on the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58 (4): 2123–2130. Bibcode:2010JAFC...58.2123Z. doi:10.1021/jf9033909. PMID 20095605.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.

sbs.com.au (Global: 1,047^th place; English: 609^th place)

Gorman, Louise (11 April 2016). "On the kale tour trail in Germany, schnapps in hand". sbs.com.au. Retrieved 24 February 2020.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Nugrahedi, P. Y.; Verkerk, R; Widianarko, B; Dekker, M (2015). "A mechanistic perspective on process-induced changes in glucosinolate content in Brassica vegetables: A review". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 55 (6): 823–38. doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.688076. PMID 24915330. S2CID 25728864.
Armesto, Jorge; Gómez-Limia, Lucía; Carballo, Javier; Martínez, Sidonia (23 July 2018). "Effects of different cooking methods on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid, organic acid and mineral contents of Galega kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cv. Galega)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 70 (2): 136–149. doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1482530. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 30037287. S2CID 51712893.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Diamond, Anna (January 2018). "America's First "Food Spy" Traveled the World Hunting for Exotic Crops". Smithsonian. Retrieved 5 June 2018.

tamu.edu (Global: 289^th place; English: 1,073^rd place)

aggie-hort.tamu.edu

"Greeks and Romans Grew Kale and Collards". aggie-hort.tamu.edu. Retrieved 29 June 2023.

tastecooking.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Uyehara, Mari (24 October 2017). "The 10th Anniversary of the Kale Salad as We Know It". TASTE.

tastingtable.com (Global: low place; English: 6,109^th place)

Wos, Jenna (19 July 2024). "The Wasteful Reason Pizza Hut Used To Buy The Most Kale In The US". TastingTable. Retrieved 5 August 2025.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Jamieson, Sophie (30 October 2015). "Kale, broccoli and cabbage replace traditional flowers as brides opt for vegetable wedding bouquets". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

Austin, Daryl. "Kale is one of the most popular greens today. But is it healthy?". USA TODAY.

uvm.edu (Global: 7,313^th place; English: 4,496^th place)

pss.uvm.edu

Perry, Leonard. "Interesting cool crops". University of Vermont Extension, Department of Plant and Soil Science. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2018.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

"A kid-friendly potato chip alternative". The Washington Post. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Kale". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2016. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
Tomar, BS (2008). VK Science – Biology. FK Publications. p. 149. ISBN 978-81-88597-06-2. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
"Growing guide for kale". Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 2006. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2025.
Perry, Leonard. "Interesting cool crops". University of Vermont Extension, Department of Plant and Soil Science. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
Bailey, L. H., (1912, republished in 1975). Jersey kale Photo. In Cyclopedia of American Agriculture: Vol. II--crops Archived 27 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Macmillan Publishing, New York. pp. 389–90. ISBN 0-405-06762-3.
"Couve Galega (Portuguese Cabbage)". Folia. myfolia.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
Larkcom, Joy (1 June 2003). The Organic Salad Garden. frances lincoln ltd. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-0-7112-2204-5. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
Jamieson, Sophie (30 October 2015). "Kale, broccoli and cabbage replace traditional flowers as brides opt for vegetable wedding bouquets". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
"A kid-friendly potato chip alternative". The Washington Post. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
"Bremen's unique tradition | European Traveler". europeantraveler.net. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
"THE LAZY GARDENER 'Off one's kail' you'll be if you eat these winter beauties". The Lazy Gardener. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
Rogers, N. (2003). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-19-516896-9. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
Scott, Maggie. "Scots Word of the Season: Kailyard". arts.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2017.

wisc.edu (Global: 891^st place; English: 533^rd place)

hort.extension.wisc.edu

Mahr S (2026). "Ornamental Cabbage and Kale, Brassica oleracea". Wisconsin Horticulture, Division of Extension, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 1 April 2026.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Armesto, Jorge; Gómez-Limia, Lucía; Carballo, Javier; Martínez, Sidonia (23 July 2018). "Effects of different cooking methods on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid, organic acid and mineral contents of Galega kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cv. Galega)". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 70 (2): 136–149. doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1482530. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 30037287. S2CID 51712893.

Kale (English Wikipedia)

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