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Kanishka (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Kanishka" in English language version.

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  • Gakkai, Soka (1 January 2009). Dictionary of Buddhism. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 328. ISBN 978-81-208-3334-0. According to one influential account, he was born in Khotan and came from a family line different from that of Kushan dynasty founder Kujūla Kadphises and his successor, Vīma Kadphises.
  • Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003). A Brief History of India. Simon and Schuster. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-59477-794-3. According to the Chinese sources, Kanishka came originally from Khotan and belonged to one of the smaller Yueh Chi tribes.
  • Rosenfield, John M. (1967). The Dynasty Arts of the Kushans. University of California Press. pp. 40–41. There are two unconfirmed theories about Kanisha's having ruled in the periphery of the Kushan Empire before assuming power as the Shaonanoshao. Both are based on the supposition of a separate Kanishka dynasty. The earlier-Sten Konow's-is that Kanishka came from Khotan, having been summoned as an ethnic ally at the time of troubles after Vima's reign. Konow supports this theory by citing a Tibetan tradition that a Khotanese expedition to India of about A.D. 120 was commanded by a King Vijayakirti along with a King Kanika and the king of Guzan. Ghirshman's similar theory is that Kanishka was originally king of Kashmir before becoming suzerain of the dynasty as a whole. He cites the above mentioned Khalatse epigraph, which may allude to Kushan power reaching the northeast corner of Kashmir, and also the Rajatarangini, in which the list of [Kushan] kings of Kashmir gave Kanishka's name as the third of a sequence, suggesting that he had predecessors there (Hushka and Jushka). Finally, testimony of Kanishka's activity in Kashmir in favor of the Buddhist faith suggests that he favored the region above others and that he founded Peshawar as his capital to be close to Kashmir.
  • Dahiya, Poonam Dalal (15 September 2017). ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIA EBOOK. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 278–281. ISBN 978-93-5260-673-3.
  • Puri, Baij Nath (1965). India under the Kushāṇas. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  • Gakkai, Soka (1 January 2009). Dictionary of Buddhism. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 328. ISBN 978-81-208-3334-0. According to one influential account, he was born in Khotan and came from a family line different from that of Kushan dynasty founder Kujūla Kadphises and his successor, Vīma Kadphises.
  • Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003). A Brief History of India. Simon and Schuster. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-59477-794-3. According to the Chinese sources, Kanishka came originally from Khotan and belonged to one of the smaller Yueh Chi tribes.
  • Findeisen, Raoul David; Isay, Gad C.; Katz-Goehr, Amira (2009). At Home in Many Worlds: Reading, Writing and Translating from Chinese and Jewish Cultures : Essays in Honour of Irene Eber. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 138. ISBN 978-3-447-06135-3.
  • Indian History. Allied Publishers. 1988. p. 301. ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.
  • Parashar, Parmanand (2004). Kashmir The Paradise Of Asia. Sarup & Sons. p. 260. ISBN 978-81-7625-518-9.
  • Puri 1999, p. 258.
  • Benjamin, Craig (2021). "The Kushan Empire". In Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (eds.). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume Two: The History of Empires. Oxford University Press. pp. 325–346 (at 339). doi:10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0011. ISBN 978-0-19-753278-2.
  • "The Buddhist Triad, from Haryana or Mathura, Year 4 of Kaniska (ad 82). Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth." in Museum (Singapore), Asian Civilisations; Krishnan, Gauri Parimoo (2007). The Divine Within: Art & Living Culture of India & South Asia. World Scientific Pub. p. 113. ISBN 9789810567057.
  • Behrendt, Kurt A. (2007). The Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 48, Fig. 18. ISBN 978-1-58839-224-4.
  • Sircar, Dineschandra (1971). Studies in the Religious Life of Ancient and Medieval India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2790-5.

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  • Benjamin, Craig (2021). "The Kushan Empire". In Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (eds.). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume Two: The History of Empires. Oxford University Press. pp. 325–346 (at 339). doi:10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0011. ISBN 978-0-19-753278-2.
  • Khodadad Rezakhani (2017). "From the Kushans to the Western Turks". In Touraj Daryaee (ed.). King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE). Ancient Iran Series. Vol. 4. Brill. p. 201. doi:10.1163/9789004460645_010. ISBN 978-90-04-46064-5. Kanishka, known as the Great (....) He is also known through mentions of him in many Indian epic and religious sources, where he is associated with the spread of Buddhism in Central Asia (Bivar 1983: 190f; Staviskij 1986: 201-215). Despite this concentration on his support of Buddhism, however, he appears to have been a ruler more akin to Constantine the Great than Theodosius the Great, in that he did not himself convert to Buddhism, rather rendering his support to the religion (Stavinskij 1986: 215-229; Grenet 2006).
  • FUSSMAN, Gérard (1974). "Documents Epigraphiques Kouchans". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 61: 54–57. doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5193. ISSN 0336-1519. JSTOR 43732476.
  • Richard Salomon (1995) [Published online: 9 Aug 2010]. "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma". South Asian Studies. 11 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492.

jstor.org

  • M. Saleem Beg (2020). "Sacred Architecture of Kashmir: Language of Identity". Social Scientist. 48 (7/8): 75–80. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 26978888.
  • FUSSMAN, Gérard (1974). "Documents Epigraphiques Kouchans". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 61: 54–57. doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5193. ISSN 0336-1519. JSTOR 43732476.
  • Richard Salomon (July–September 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (3): 418–452 [442]. JSTOR 605147.

kimbellart.org

  • Seated Buddha with inscription starting with 𑁕 Maharajasya Kanishkasya Sam 4 "Year 4 of the Great King Kanishka" in "Seated Buddha with Two Attendants". kimbellart.org. Kimbell Art Museum.

metmuseum.org

  • "In Gandhara the appearance of a halo surrounding an entire figure occurs only in the latest phases of artistic production, in the fifth and sixth centuries. By this time in Afghanistan the halo/mandorla had become quite common and is the format that took hold at Central Asian Buddhist sites." in "Metropolitan Museum of Art". metmuseum.org.

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