Kava (English Wikipedia)

Ross M (2008). "Other cultivated plants". In Ross M, Pawley A, Osmond M (eds.). The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society. Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 389–426. ISBN 978-0-85883-589-4.

awadevelopment.org

Johnston E, Rogers H, Association for Hawaiian ʻAwa (1 January 2006). Hawaiian ʻawa: views of an ethnobotanical treasure (PDF). Hilo, Hawaii: Association for Hawaiian ʻAwa. p. 34. OCLC 77501873.

beehive.govt.nz

"Dunne: Kava unaffected by Psychoactive Substances Bill". The Beehive. Retrieved 24 October 2016.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Applequist WL, Lebot V (25 April 2006). "Validation of Piper Methysticum var. wichmannii (Piperaceae)". Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. 16 (1): 3–4. doi:10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[3:VOPMVW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86552278.

books.google.com

Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L (1997). Kava: The Pacific Elixir: The Definitive Guide to Its Ethnobotany, History, and Chemistry. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-89281-726-9.
Amitava Dasgupta, Catherine A. Hammett-Stabler (2011). Herbal Supplements: Efficacy, Toxicity, Interactions with Western Drugs, and Effects on Clinical Laboratory Tests. John Wiley & Sons. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-470-92275-0.
Organization WH (2007). Assessment of the Risk of Hepatotoxicity with Kava Products. WHO Regional Office Europe. ISBN 978-92-4-159526-1.
Kilham C (1 June 1996). Kava: Medicine Hunting in Paradise: The Pursuit of a Natural Alternative to Anti-Anxiety Drugs and Sleeping Pills. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. ISBN 978-0-89281-640-8.
Kilham CS (1 June 1996). Kava: Medicine Hunting in Paradise: The Pursuit of a Natural Alternative to Anti-Anxiety Drugs and Sleeping Pills. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. ISBN 978-1-62055-034-2.

browardpalmbeach.com

Swanson J (20 March 2014). "South Florida Kava Bars Unworried about Two-Day Kava". Retrieved 28 July 2016.

cirad.fr

agritrop.cirad.fr

Teschke R, Sarris J, Lebot V (15 January 2011). "Kava hepatotoxicity solution: A six-point plan for new kava standardization". Phytomedicine. 18 (2–3): 96–103. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.002. PMID 21112196.

cochrane.org

Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003). Pittler MH (ed.). "Kava extract for treating anxiety". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 (1): CD003383. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003383. PMC 6999799. PMID 12535473.

dailypost.vu

Joshua J (17 February 2016). "New Kava Challenge". Vanuatu Daily Post. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
Garae L (27 December 2017). "Kava banned in Poland". Vanuatu Daily Post. Retrieved 2 September 2018.

doi.org

Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L (23 December 1992). Kava. Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt211qwxb. ISBN 978-0-300-23898-3.
Wang J, Qu W, Bittenbender HC, Li QX (2013). "Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents". Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (2): 1164–1169. doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2. PMC 4325077. PMID 25694734.
Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003). Pittler MH (ed.). "Kava extract for treating anxiety". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 (1): CD003383. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003383. PMC 6999799. PMID 12535473.
Kuchta K, Schmidt M, Nahrstedt A (1 December 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics". Planta Medica. 81 (18): 1647–1653. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558295. ISSN 1439-0221. PMID 26695707. S2CID 23708406.
Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, Naeole CK, Borris R, Johnston E, Konanui J, Turner H (2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology". Fitoterapia. 100: 56–67. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012. PMID 25464054.
Applequist WL, Lebot V (25 April 2006). "Validation of Piper Methysticum var. wichmannii (Piperaceae)". Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. 16 (1): 3–4. doi:10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[3:VOPMVW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86552278.
Blust R, Trussel S (2013). "The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: A Work in Progress". Oceanic Linguistics. 52 (2): 493–523. doi:10.1353/ol.2013.0016. S2CID 146739541.
Lynch J (2002). "Potent Roots and the Origin of kava". Oceanic Linguistics. 41 (2): 493–513. doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0010. S2CID 145424062.
Vincent Lebot, Patricia Siméoni (2004). "Is the Quality of Kava (Piper methysticum Forst. f.) Responsible for Different Geographical Patterns?" (PDF). Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 2: 19–28. doi:10.17348/era.2.0.19-28.
Teschke R, Lebot V (1 October 2011). "Proposal for a Kava Quality Standardization Code". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 49 (10): 2503–2516. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.075. PMID 21756963.
Teschke R, Sarris J, Lebot V (15 January 2011). "Kava hepatotoxicity solution: A six-point plan for new kava standardization". Phytomedicine. 18 (2–3): 96–103. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.002. PMID 21112196.
Sarris J, LaPorte E, Schweitzer I (2011). "Kava: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and psychopharmacology". Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 45 (1): 27–35. doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.522554. PMID 21073405. S2CID 42935399.
Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (1 January 2013). "Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 37 (1): 3–17. doi:10.1111/apt.12109. ISSN 1365-2036. PMID 23121117. S2CID 6949220.
Olsen LR, Grillo MP, Skonberg C (2011). "Constituents in kava extracts potentially involved in hepatotoxicity: a review". Chem. Res. Toxicol. 24 (7): 992–1002. doi:10.1021/tx100412m. PMID 21506562.
Singh YN, Singh NN (2002). "Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders". CNS Drugs. 16 (11): 731–43. doi:10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002. PMID 12383029. S2CID 34322458.
Ligresti A, Villano R, Allarà M, Ujváry I, Di Marzo V (2012). "Kavalactones and the endocannabinoid system: the plant-derived yangonin is a novel CB₁ receptor ligand". Pharmacol. Res. 66 (2): 163–9. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.003. PMID 22525682.
Dinh LD, Simmen U, Bueter KB, Bueter B, Lundstrom K, Schaffner W (2001). "Interaction of various Piper methysticum cultivars with CNS receptors in vitro". Planta Med. 67 (4): 306–11. doi:10.1055/s-2001-14334. PMID 11458444. S2CID 260281694.
Baum SS, Hill R, Rommelspacher H (1998). "Effect of kava extract and individual kavapyrones on neurotransmitter levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 22 (7): 1105–20. doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00062-1. PMID 9829291. S2CID 24377397.
Garrett KM, Basmadjian G, Khan IA, Schaneberg BT, Seale TW (2003). "Extracts of kava (Piper methysticum) induce acute anxiolytic-like behavioral changes in mice". Psychopharmacology. 170 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1520-0. PMID 12845414. S2CID 10805207.
Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, Collie A, Currie BJ, Currie J (2003). "Saccade and cognitive function in chronic kava users". Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (2): 389–96. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052. PMID 12589393.
Viorica LA (1997). "Supercritical fluid extraction of kava lactones from Piper methysticum (kava) herb". Journal of High Resolution Chromatography. 20 (10): 555–559. doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240201007.
Teschke R, Sarris J, Glass X, Schulze J (2016). "Kava, the anxiolytic herb: back to basics to prevent liver injury?". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 71 (3): 445–448. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03775.x. ISSN 0306-5251. PMC 3045554. PMID 21284704.
Kraft M, Spahn TW, Menzel J, Senninger N, Dietl KH, Herbst H, Domschke W, Lerch MM (2001). "Fulminantes Leberversagen nach Einnahme des pflanzlichen Antidepressivums Kava-Kava". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 126 (36): 970–972. doi:10.1055/s-2001-16966. ISSN 0012-0472. PMID 11544547. S2CID 260067545.
Zhou P, Gross S, Liu JH, Yu BY, Feng LL, Nolta J, Sharma V, Piwnica-Worms D, Qiu SX (December 2010). "Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways". The FASEB Journal. 24 (12): 4722–4732. doi:10.1096/fj.10-163311. ISSN 0892-6638. PMC 2992378. PMID 20696856.
Whitton PA, Lau A, Salisbury A, Whitehouse J, Evans CS (1 October 2003). "Kava lactones and the kava-kava controversy". Phytochemistry. 64 (3): 673–679. Bibcode:2003PChem..64..673W. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00381-9. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 13679089.
Tomlinson M (2007). "Everything and Its Opposite: Kava Drinking in Fiji". Anthropological Quarterly. 80 (4): 1065–81. doi:10.1353/anq.2007.0054. S2CID 144600224.^{[improper synthesis?]}
Li XZ, Ramzan I (April 2010). "Role of ethanol in kava hepatotoxicity". Phytotherapy Research. 24 (4): 475–80. doi:10.1002/ptr.3046. PMID 19943335. S2CID 35975791.
Lebot V, Do TK, Legendre L (15 May 2014). "Detection of flavokavins (A, B, C) in cultivars of kava (Piper methysticum) using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)". Food Chemistry. 151: 554–560. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.120. ISSN 0308-8146. PMID 24423570.
Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, Collie A, Currie BJ, Currie J (14 February 2003). "Saccade and Cognitive Function in Chronic Kava Users". Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (2): 389–396. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052. ISSN 0893-133X. PMID 12589393.
LaPorte E, Sarris J, Stough C, Scholey A (1 March 2011). "Neurocognitive effects of kava (Piper methysticum): a systematic review". Human Psychopharmacology. 26 (2): 102–111. doi:10.1002/hup.1180. ISSN 1099-1077. PMID 21437989. S2CID 44657320.
Baker JD (1 June 2011). "Tradition and toxicity: evidential cultures in the kava safety debate". Social Studies of Science. 41 (3): 361–384. doi:10.1177/0306312710395341. ISSN 0306-3127. PMID 21879526. S2CID 33364504.
Sarris J, Stough C, Teschke R, Wahid ZT, Bousman CA, Murray G, Savage KM, Mouatt P, Ng C (1 November 2013). "Kava for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder RCT: Analysis of Adverse Reactions, Liver Function, Addiction, and Sexual Effects". Phytotherapy Research. 27 (11): 1723–1728. doi:10.1002/ptr.4916. ISSN 1099-1573. PMID 23348842. S2CID 19526418.
Hu Z, Yang X, Ho PC, Chan SY, Heng PW, Chan E, Duan W, Koh HL, Zhou S (2005). "Herb-drug interactions: a literature review". Drugs. 65 (9): 1239–82. doi:10.2165/00003495-200565090-00005. PMID 15916450. S2CID 46963549.
Brown AC (September 2017). "Liver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 series". Food Chem Toxicol (Review). 107 (Pt A): 472–501. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.001. PMID 27402097.
Teschke R, Schulze J (2010). "Risk of Kava Hepatotoxicity and the FDA Consumer Advisory". JAMA. 304 (19): 2174–5. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1689. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 21081732.
Cairney S., Maruff P., Clough A. R., Collie A., Currie J., Currie B. J. (2003). "Saccade and cognitive impairment associated with kava intoxication". Hum. Psychopharmacol. 18 (7): 525–533. doi:10.1002/hup.532. PMID 14533134. S2CID 21555220.
Lees AJ (1989). "The on-off phenomenon". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Suppl (9): 29–37. doi:10.1136/jnnp.52.suppl.29. PMC 1033307. PMID 1033307.
Ruze P (16 June 1990). "Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 8703Kava-induced dermopathy: a niacin deficiency?". The Lancet. 335 (8703): 1442–1445. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91458-M. PMID 1972218. S2CID 9737032.
Norton SA, Ruze P (1 July 1994). "Kava dermopathy". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 31 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70142-3. PMID 8021378.
Jappe U, Franke I, Reinhold D, Gollnick HP (1998). "Sebotropic drug reaction resulting from kava-kava extract therapy: A new entity?". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 38 (1): 104–6. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70547-X. PMID 9448214.
Wheatley D (1 June 2001). "Stress-induced insomnia treated with kava and valerian: singly and in combination". Human Psychopharmacology. 16 (4): 353–356. doi:10.1002/hup.299. ISSN 1099-1077. PMID 12404572. S2CID 37457833.
Sarris J, Stough C, Bousman C, Wahid Z, Murray G, Teschke R, Dowell A, Ng C, Schweitzer I (1 October 2013). "Kava in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 33 (5): 643–48. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e318291be67. PMID 23635869. S2CID 13747661.
Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, Naeole CK, Borris R, Johnston E, Konanui J, Turner H (1 January 2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology". Fitoterapia. 100: 56–67. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012. ISSN 1873-6971. PMID 25464054.

drugs.com

"Kava". Drugs.com. 3 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

fao.org

"Kava: a review of the safety of traditional and recreational beverage consumption" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, Rome, Italy. 2016.

faolex.fao.org

"Vanuatu - Legislation - Kava Act 2002". faolex.fao.org. Retrieved 2 July 2016.

fda.gov

"Consumer Advisory: Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated with Severe Liver Injury". US Food and Drug Administration. 25 March 2002. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2020.

fijiembassy.be

"Embassy of the Republic of Fiji". www.fijiembassy.be. Archived from the original on 10 June 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

fijitimes.com

"Drink the right mix - Fiji Times Online". www.fijitimes.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2016.

foodstandards.govt.nz

"Kava: A Human Health Risk Assessment" (PDF). Technical Report Series No 30. 25 May 2016.

frommers.com

"Fiji -> In depth -> Food and Drink". www.frommers.com. Frommers. Retrieved 7 August 2014.

gazette.govt.nz

"Standard 2.6.3 – Kava – Food Standards (Proposal P1025 – Code Revision) Variation—Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Amendment No. 154 - 2015-gs1906 - New Zealand Gazette". gazette.govt.nz. Retrieved 2 July 2016.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Whitton PA, Lau A, Salisbury A, Whitehouse J, Evans CS (1 October 2003). "Kava lactones and the kava-kava controversy". Phytochemistry. 64 (3): 673–679. Bibcode:2003PChem..64..673W. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00381-9. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 13679089.

hawaii.edu

scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu

Vincent Lebot, Patricia Siméoni (2004). "Is the Quality of Kava (Piper methysticum Forst. f.) Responsible for Different Geographical Patterns?" (PDF). Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 2: 19–28. doi:10.17348/era.2.0.19-28.

www2.hawaii.edu

"Notes on Propagating Traditional Hawaiian Plants". FoodPlant Tropics. Retrieved 25 January 2018.

hc-sc.gc.ca

"Marketed Health Products Directorate Heath Products and Foods Branch". Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter. 12 (4). 2002.
"Listing of Drugs Currently Regulated as New Drugs (The New Drugs List)". www.hc-sc.gc.ca. Health Canada. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2017.

webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca

"Ingredients - Kava". Health Canada. 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.

healthlinkbc.ca

"Kava". HealthLink BC, Government of British Columbia. 23 September 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2022.

ipfsaph.org

C.I.J.M. Ross-van Dorp (2003). "Besluit van 23 april 2003, houdende wijziging van het Warenwetbesluit Kruidenpreparaten (verbod op Kava kava in kruidenpreparaten)" (PDF). Sdu Uitgevers. Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2007.

jstor.org

Lebot V, Lèvesque J (1 January 1989). "The origin and distribution of kava (Piper methysticum Forst. F., Piperaceae): A phytochemical approach". Allertonia. 5 (2): 223–281. JSTOR 23187398.

kavaguides.com

Amiri Tasi (7 February 2020). "Botany of the Kava Plant". Kava Guides. Retrieved 25 July 2021.

kavalibrary.com

"Kava Side Effects". The Kava Library. Retrieved 8 September 2017.

kavasociety.nz

"Kava vs Kawakawa | Kava use in New Zealand | Maori Memories of Kava". kavasociety.nz. Retrieved 2 July 2016.

landcareresearch.co.nz

maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz

"Māori Plant Use Database Plant Use Details of Macropiper excelsum". maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2016.

legislation.gov.au

Health (11 July 2011). "Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 2.6.3 - Kava". www.legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 2.6.3 - Kava". Federal Register of Legislation. 5 October 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2016.

legislation.gov.uk

"The Medicines for Human Use (Kava-kava) (Prohibition) Order 2002". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2013.

merriam-webster.com

"Kava". Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary. 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wang J, Qu W, Bittenbender HC, Li QX (2013). "Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents". Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (2): 1164–1169. doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2. PMC 4325077. PMID 25694734.
Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003). Pittler MH (ed.). "Kava extract for treating anxiety". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 (1): CD003383. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003383. PMC 6999799. PMID 12535473.
Kuchta K, Schmidt M, Nahrstedt A (1 December 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics". Planta Medica. 81 (18): 1647–1653. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558295. ISSN 1439-0221. PMID 26695707. S2CID 23708406.
Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, Naeole CK, Borris R, Johnston E, Konanui J, Turner H (2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology". Fitoterapia. 100: 56–67. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012. PMID 25464054.
Teschke R, Lebot V (1 October 2011). "Proposal for a Kava Quality Standardization Code". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 49 (10): 2503–2516. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.075. PMID 21756963.
Teschke R, Sarris J, Lebot V (15 January 2011). "Kava hepatotoxicity solution: A six-point plan for new kava standardization". Phytomedicine. 18 (2–3): 96–103. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.002. PMID 21112196.
Sarris J, LaPorte E, Schweitzer I (2011). "Kava: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and psychopharmacology". Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 45 (1): 27–35. doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.522554. PMID 21073405. S2CID 42935399.
Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (1 January 2013). "Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 37 (1): 3–17. doi:10.1111/apt.12109. ISSN 1365-2036. PMID 23121117. S2CID 6949220.
Olsen LR, Grillo MP, Skonberg C (2011). "Constituents in kava extracts potentially involved in hepatotoxicity: a review". Chem. Res. Toxicol. 24 (7): 992–1002. doi:10.1021/tx100412m. PMID 21506562.
Singh YN, Singh NN (2002). "Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders". CNS Drugs. 16 (11): 731–43. doi:10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002. PMID 12383029. S2CID 34322458.
Ligresti A, Villano R, Allarà M, Ujváry I, Di Marzo V (2012). "Kavalactones and the endocannabinoid system: the plant-derived yangonin is a novel CB₁ receptor ligand". Pharmacol. Res. 66 (2): 163–9. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.003. PMID 22525682.
Dinh LD, Simmen U, Bueter KB, Bueter B, Lundstrom K, Schaffner W (2001). "Interaction of various Piper methysticum cultivars with CNS receptors in vitro". Planta Med. 67 (4): 306–11. doi:10.1055/s-2001-14334. PMID 11458444. S2CID 260281694.
Baum SS, Hill R, Rommelspacher H (1998). "Effect of kava extract and individual kavapyrones on neurotransmitter levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 22 (7): 1105–20. doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00062-1. PMID 9829291. S2CID 24377397.
Garrett KM, Basmadjian G, Khan IA, Schaneberg BT, Seale TW (2003). "Extracts of kava (Piper methysticum) induce acute anxiolytic-like behavioral changes in mice". Psychopharmacology. 170 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1520-0. PMID 12845414. S2CID 10805207.
Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, Collie A, Currie BJ, Currie J (2003). "Saccade and cognitive function in chronic kava users". Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (2): 389–96. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052. PMID 12589393.
Teschke R, Sarris J, Glass X, Schulze J (2016). "Kava, the anxiolytic herb: back to basics to prevent liver injury?". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 71 (3): 445–448. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03775.x. ISSN 0306-5251. PMC 3045554. PMID 21284704.
Kraft M, Spahn TW, Menzel J, Senninger N, Dietl KH, Herbst H, Domschke W, Lerch MM (2001). "Fulminantes Leberversagen nach Einnahme des pflanzlichen Antidepressivums Kava-Kava". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 126 (36): 970–972. doi:10.1055/s-2001-16966. ISSN 0012-0472. PMID 11544547. S2CID 260067545.
Zhou P, Gross S, Liu JH, Yu BY, Feng LL, Nolta J, Sharma V, Piwnica-Worms D, Qiu SX (December 2010). "Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways". The FASEB Journal. 24 (12): 4722–4732. doi:10.1096/fj.10-163311. ISSN 0892-6638. PMC 2992378. PMID 20696856.
Whitton PA, Lau A, Salisbury A, Whitehouse J, Evans CS (1 October 2003). "Kava lactones and the kava-kava controversy". Phytochemistry. 64 (3): 673–679. Bibcode:2003PChem..64..673W. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00381-9. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 13679089.
Li XZ, Ramzan I (April 2010). "Role of ethanol in kava hepatotoxicity". Phytotherapy Research. 24 (4): 475–80. doi:10.1002/ptr.3046. PMID 19943335. S2CID 35975791.
Lebot V, Do TK, Legendre L (15 May 2014). "Detection of flavokavins (A, B, C) in cultivars of kava (Piper methysticum) using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)". Food Chemistry. 151: 554–560. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.120. ISSN 0308-8146. PMID 24423570.
Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, Collie A, Currie BJ, Currie J (14 February 2003). "Saccade and Cognitive Function in Chronic Kava Users". Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (2): 389–396. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052. ISSN 0893-133X. PMID 12589393.
LaPorte E, Sarris J, Stough C, Scholey A (1 March 2011). "Neurocognitive effects of kava (Piper methysticum): a systematic review". Human Psychopharmacology. 26 (2): 102–111. doi:10.1002/hup.1180. ISSN 1099-1077. PMID 21437989. S2CID 44657320.
Baker JD (1 June 2011). "Tradition and toxicity: evidential cultures in the kava safety debate". Social Studies of Science. 41 (3): 361–384. doi:10.1177/0306312710395341. ISSN 0306-3127. PMID 21879526. S2CID 33364504.
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