Kawi script (English Wikipedia)

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Hunter 1996, pp. 11–12. Hunter Jr., Thomas M. (1996). "Ancient Beginnings: The Spread of Indic Scripts". In Kumar, Ann; McGlynn, John H. (eds.). Illuminations: The Writing Traditions of Indonesia. Jakarta: Lontar Foundation. ISBN 978-0-8348-0349-7.

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Danasasmita, Saleh (1987). Sewaka darma (Kropak 408); Sanghyang siksakandang karesian (Kropak 630); Amanat Galunggung (Kropak 632): transkripsi dan terjemahan (in Indonesian). Bagian Proyek Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Sunda (Sundanologi), Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
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Van der Molen, Willem (2011). Kritik Teks Jawa: Sebuah pemandangan Umum dan Pendekatan Baru yang Diterapkan Kepada Kunjarakarna (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-461-787-8.

dkuug.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Pandey, Anshuman (2012). "Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Kawi Script" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.

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Holle 1882. Holle, K. F. (1882). Tabel van Oud- en Nieuw- Indische Alphabetten. Bijdrage tot de palaeographie van Nederlandsch-Indië. ’s Hage: M. Nijhoff. pp. 14–16. doi:10.1075/wll.2.2.02hol.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
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Perdana 2022, pp. 363. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Nastiti, Titi Surti (2017). "The Development of Kwadrat Script in Central Java, East Java and Bali: Paleography Analysis". Forum Arkeologi. 29 (3): 175–188. doi:10.24832/fa.v29i3.94.
Griffiths 2011. Griffiths, Arlo (2011). "Inscriptions of Sumatra: Further Data on the Epigraphy of the Musi and Batang Hari Rivers Basins". Archipel. 81 (1): 139–175. doi:10.3406/arch.2011.4273.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Griffiths et al 2025. Griffiths, Arlo; Nastiti, Titi Surti; Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah (2025). "The earliest documents in Old Javanese". Wacana. 26 (3): 333–343. doi:10.17510/wacana.v26i3.2102.
Griffiths et al 2025, pp. 335. Griffiths, Arlo; Nastiti, Titi Surti; Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah (2025). "The earliest documents in Old Javanese". Wacana. 26 (3): 333–343. doi:10.17510/wacana.v26i3.2102.
Griffiths et al 2025, pp. 336. Griffiths, Arlo; Nastiti, Titi Surti; Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah (2025). "The earliest documents in Old Javanese". Wacana. 26 (3): 333–343. doi:10.17510/wacana.v26i3.2102.
Van der Molen 2007. Van der Molen, Willem (2007). "The syair of Minye Tujuh". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 163 (2–3): 356–375. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003689.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
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Griffiths 2020. Griffiths, Arlo (2020). "Rediscovering an Old Javanese Inscription: Mpu Mano's Donation in Favor of a Buddhist Dignitary in 888 Śaka". Archipel. 99: 107–141. doi:10.4000/archipel.1976.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Van der Veerdonk 2001. Van der Veerdonk, Jan (2001). "Curses in Javanese Royal Inscriptions from the Singhasari-Majapahit Period, AD 1222-1486". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 157 (1): 97–112. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003820.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Setyawati, Kartika (7 June 2013). "Naskah-Naskah Merapi-Merbabu Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia: Tinjauan Awal". Jurnal Humaniora (in Indonesian) (1). doi:10.22146/jh.1987 (inactive 11 July 2025). ISSN 2302-9269.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Kriswanto, Agung (1 July 2019). "Naskah-naskah Keislaman dari Skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu di Perpustakaan Nasional". Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara. 10 (1): 24–45. doi:10.37014/jumantara.v10i1.23. ISSN 2685-7391. S2CID 213786098.
Gunawan, Aditia (1 January 2015). "Nipah or Gebang?: A Philological and Codicological Study Based on Sources from West Java". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia. 171 (2–3): 249–280. doi:10.1163/22134379-17101004. ISSN 0006-2294.
Gallop, Annabel Teh (2016). "The Early Use of Seals in the Malay World". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 102: 131–135. doi:10.3406/befeo.2016.6233.
Perdana 2022, pp. 364. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Perdana 2022. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

dx.doi.org

Griffiths 2011. Griffiths, Arlo (2011). "Inscriptions of Sumatra: Further Data on the Epigraphy of the Musi and Batang Hari Rivers Basins". Archipel. 81 (1): 139–175. doi:10.3406/arch.2011.4273.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

hal.science (Global: 2,005^th place; English: 1,689^th place)

uco.hal.science

Nastiti et al 2024. Nastiti, Titi Surti; Nasoichah, Churmatin; Restyadi, Andri; Prihatmoko, Hedwi; Griffiths, Arlo; Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah; Levivier, Adeline; Dewanti, Tyassanti Kusumo (2024). Survei Prasasti Zaman Hindu-Buddha di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Tahun 2023. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN); Organisasi Riset Arkeologi dan Sastra, Pusat Riset Arkeologi Prasejarah dan Sejarah; École française d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO).

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Griffiths 2014a. Griffiths, Arlo (2014). "The 'Greatly Ferocious' Spell (Mahāraudra-Nāma-Hr̥daya): A Dhāraṇī Inscribed on a Lead-Bronze Foil Unearthed near Borobudur". In Tropper, Kurt (ed.). Epigraphic Evidence in the Pre-Modern Buddhist World: Proceedings of the Eponymous Conference Held in Vienna, 14-15 Oct. 2011. Epigraphic Evidence in the Pre-Modern Buddhist World. Vienna: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien. p. 1-36.

iamm.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Nastiti et al 2023. Nastiti, Titi Surti; Prihatmoko, Hedwi; Meyanti, Lisda; Griffiths, Arlo; Bastiawan, Eko; Levivier, Adeline; Supriyo (2023). Laporan Survei Prasasti Zaman Hindu-Buddha Provinsi Jawa Timur di Kabupaten Lamongan, Tuban, Jombang, Mojokerto dan Sidoarjo, Tahun 2022. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN); Organisasi Riset Arkeologi dan Sastra, Pusat Riset Arkeologi Prasejarah dan Sejarah; École française d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO.

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Kozok et al 2015, pp. 178–180. Kozok, Uli; Hunter, Thomas M.; Mahdi, Waruno; Miksic, John N. (2015). A 14th century Malay code of laws: The Nītisārasamuccaya. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814459747.
Kozok et al 2015. Kozok, Uli; Hunter, Thomas M.; Mahdi, Waruno; Miksic, John N. (2015). A 14th century Malay code of laws: The Nītisārasamuccaya. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814459747.
Kozok et al 2015, pp. 300. Kozok, Uli; Hunter, Thomas M.; Mahdi, Waruno; Miksic, John N. (2015). A 14th century Malay code of laws: The Nītisārasamuccaya. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814459747.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

De Casparis 1980. De Casparis, J. G. (1980). "Ahmat Majanu's tombstone at Pengkalan Kempas and its Kawi inscription". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 53 (1 (237)): 1–22.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Van der Veerdonk 2001. Van der Veerdonk, Jan (2001). "Curses in Javanese Royal Inscriptions from the Singhasari-Majapahit Period, AD 1222-1486". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 157 (1): 97–112. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003820.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Postma, Antoon (April–June 1992). "The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary" (PDF). Philippine Studies. 40 (2). Ateneo de Manila University: 182–203. JSTOR 42633308.
Wisseman Christie, Jan (1996). "Money and its uses in the Javanese States of the ninth to fifteenth centuries A.D". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 39 (3): 257–260.

kemendikdasmen.go.id (Global: 8,195^th place; English: low place)

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Nastiti, Titi Surti (2017). "The Development of Kwadrat Script in Central Java, East Java and Bali: Paleography Analysis". Forum Arkeologi. 29 (3): 175–188. doi:10.24832/fa.v29i3.94.

pennds.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Silk 2015, pp. 990. Silk, Jonathan, ed. (2015). "Epigraphy: Southeast Asia". Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism (PDF). Vol. 1. Brill. pp. 987–1009. ISBN 978-90-04-28343-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Silk 2015, pp. 989. Silk, Jonathan, ed. (2015). "Epigraphy: Southeast Asia". Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism (PDF). Vol. 1. Brill. pp. 987–1009. ISBN 978-90-04-28343-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

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Kriswanto, Agung (1 July 2019). "Naskah-naskah Keislaman dari Skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu di Perpustakaan Nasional". Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara. 10 (1): 24–45. doi:10.37014/jumantara.v10i1.23. ISSN 2685-7391. S2CID 213786098.

persee.fr (Global: 310^th place; English: 770^th place)

Griffiths & Scheurleer 2014. Griffiths, Arlo; Scheurleer, Pauline Lunsingh (2014). "Ancient Indonesian Ritual Utensils and Their Inscriptions: Bells and Slitdrums". Arts Asiatiques. 69: 129–150. doi:10.3406/arasi.2014.1872.
Gallop, Annabel Teh (2016). "The Early Use of Seals in the Malay World". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 102: 131–135. doi:10.3406/befeo.2016.6233.

sabrizain.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kozok 2004, pp. 21. Kozok, Uli (2004). The Tanjung Tanah code of law: the oldest extant Malay manuscript (PDF). Cambridge: St Catherine’s College.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
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scispace.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Postma, Antoon (April–June 1992). "The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary" (PDF). Philippine Studies. 40 (2). Ateneo de Manila University: 182–203. JSTOR 42633308.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

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Kriswanto, Agung (1 July 2019). "Naskah-naskah Keislaman dari Skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu di Perpustakaan Nasional". Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara. 10 (1): 24–45. doi:10.37014/jumantara.v10i1.23. ISSN 2685-7391. S2CID 213786098.

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Perdana 2022, pp. 363. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Perdana 2022, pp. 364. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Perdana 2022. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

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Holle 1882. Holle, K. F. (1882). Tabel van Oud- en Nieuw- Indische Alphabetten. Bijdrage tot de palaeographie van Nederlandsch-Indië. ’s Hage: M. Nijhoff. pp. 14–16. doi:10.1075/wll.2.2.02hol.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

unicode.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

Perdana & Nurwansah 2020. Perdana, Aditya Bayu; Nurwansah, Ilham (December 2020). "Proposal to encode Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
Perdana 2024. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2024). "Preliminary Proposal to Add Kawi jihwāmūlīya and upadhmānīya" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Nasrullah, Febri Muhammad (2022). "Proposal to encode KAWI SIGN NUKTA" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
Perdana & Nurwansah 2020, pp. 29. Perdana, Aditya Bayu; Nurwansah, Ilham (December 2020). "Proposal to encode Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
Perdana & Nurwansah 2020, pp. 2. Perdana, Aditya Bayu; Nurwansah, Ilham (December 2020). "Proposal to encode Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
Perdana & Nurwansah 2020, pp. 6–7. Perdana, Aditya Bayu; Nurwansah, Ilham (December 2020). "Proposal to encode Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
Lindenberg, Norbert (6 December 2020). "Repha representation for Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
Perdana & Nurwansah 2020, pp. 30. Perdana, Aditya Bayu; Nurwansah, Ilham (December 2020). "Proposal to encode Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
Perdana & Nurwansah 2020, pp. 31. Perdana, Aditya Bayu; Nurwansah, Ilham (December 2020). "Proposal to encode Kawi" (PDF). Unicode Document Registry. Unicode.
"Unicode® 15.0.0". Unicode Consortium. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
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Perdana 2022, pp. 363. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Setyawati, Kartika (7 June 2013). "Naskah-Naskah Merapi-Merbabu Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia: Tinjauan Awal". Jurnal Humaniora (in Indonesian) (1). doi:10.22146/jh.1987 (inactive 11 July 2025). ISSN 2302-9269.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Kriswanto, Agung (1 July 2019). "Naskah-naskah Keislaman dari Skriptorium Merapi-Merbabu di Perpustakaan Nasional". Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara. 10 (1): 24–45. doi:10.37014/jumantara.v10i1.23. ISSN 2685-7391. S2CID 213786098.
Gunawan, Aditia (1 January 2015). "Nipah or Gebang?: A Philological and Codicological Study Based on Sources from West Java". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia. 171 (2–3): 249–280. doi:10.1163/22134379-17101004. ISSN 0006-2294.
Perdana 2022, pp. 364. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Perdana 2022. Perdana, Aditya Bayu (2 September 2022). "A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak". Indonesia and the Malay World. 50 (148): 358–369. doi:10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155. ISSN 1363-9811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

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Kawi script (English Wikipedia)

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