References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Khalsa" in the English version

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Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.

Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2012). The Birth of the Khalsa : A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity. State University of New York Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-0-7914-8266-7.

Senker, Cath (2007). My Sikh Year. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4042-3733-9., Quote: "Vaisakhi is the most important mela. It marks the Sikh New Year. At Vaisakhi, Sikhs remember how their community, the Khalsa, first began."

Cole, p. 63: "The Sikh new year, Vaisakhi, occurs at Sangrand in April, usually on the thirteenth day." Cole, William Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-13-4.^{[permanent dead link]}

Jacobsen, Knut A. (2008). South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora. Routledge. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-134-07459-4., Quote: "(...) for the Sikhs, it [Baisakhi] celebrates the foundation of the Khalsa in 1699."

Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh (2013). Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-1-4411-0231-7., Quote: "The Guru's stance was a clear and unambiguous challenge, not to the sovereignty of the Mughal state, but to the state's policy of not recognizing the sovereign existence of non-Muslims, their traditions and ways of life".

Singh, pp. 236–238 Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.

Cole, p. 36 Cole, William Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-13-4.^{[permanent dead link]}

Jain, S. (1994) Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 74, p. 217: The word "Khalsa" (from Persian Khalis) itself means "pure".

Nesbitt, pp. 54–57, 29, 143 Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.

McLeod, W. H. (2003). Sikhs of the Khalsa: A History of the Khalsa Rahit. Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-565916-0.

The Birth of the Khalsa: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity. State University of New York Press. 2012. pp. 43–50. ISBN 9780791482667. His was in fact a mimetic violence where the goats were killed instead of the Sikhs.

Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk. Oxford University Press. 2019. p. 93. ISBN 9780190990381.

The World's Religions. Cambridge University Press. 28 June 1998. p. 401. ISBN 9780521637480. Eventually he took five men forward and took them behind the tent. Gobind reappeared with a dripping sword: later it was revealed that he slaughtered five goats.

Singh, Pashaura (27 March 2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-100412-4.

Hardy, Friedhelm (14 January 2004). The World's Religions. Routledge. p. 722. ISBN 9781136851858.

Dhavan, P (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1.

Cole, pp. 38–39: All the battles I have won against tyranny I have fought with the devoted backing of the people. Through them only have I been able to bestow gifts, through their help I have escaped from harm. The love and generosity of these Sikhs have enriched my heart and home. Through their grace, I have attained all learning, through their help in battle I have slain all my enemies. I was born to serve them, through them I reached eminence. What would I have been without their kind and ready help? There are millions of insignificant people like me. True service is the service of these people. I am not inclined to serve others of higher caste: charity will bear fruit in this and the next world, If given to such worthy people as these. All other sacrifices are and charities are profitless. From toe to toe, whatever I call my own, all I possess and carry, I dedicate to these people.</poem> Cole, William Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-13-4.^{[permanent dead link]}

Oberoi, Harjot (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 59–62. ISBN 978-0-226-61592-9.

Oberoi, Harjot (1994). The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 24, 77–78, 89–90. ISBN 978-0-226-61592-9.

Singh, pp. 23–24 Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.

Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.

Jacobsen, Knut A.; Myrvold, Kristina (2012). Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 142–147, 156–157. ISBN 978-1-4411-0358-1.

Cole, p. 37 Cole, William Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-13-4.^{[permanent dead link]}

Nesbitt, pp. 40–43 Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.

Koller, John M (2016). The Indian Way: An Introduction to the Philosophies & Religions of India. Routledge. pp. 312–313. ISBN 978-1-315-50740-8.

Nesbitt Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.

Jacobsen, Knut A.; Myrvold, Kristina (9 March 2016). "Glossary". Young Sikhs in a Global World: Negotiating Traditions, Identities and Authorities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-79081-4.

Jakobsh, Doris (2 March 2012). Sikhism. University of Hawaii Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-8248-6034-9.

Singh, Jaspal Kaur (30 April 2020). "Mughal India and Colonialism: Revising History, Gender Identity, and Violence in Bhai Veer Singh's Sundri". Violence and Resistance in Sikh Gendered Identity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-06026-3.

Jakobsh, Doris (2004). "What's in a Name? Circumscribing Sikh Female Nomenclature". In Singh, Pashaura (ed.). Sikhism and History. Oxford University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-19-566708-0.

Copeman, Jacob (15 September 2023). Copeman, Jacob; Minh Chau, Lam; Cook, Joanna; Long, Nicholas J. (eds.). An Anthropology of Intellectual Exchange: Interactions, Transactions and Ethics in Asia and Beyond. Berghahn Books. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-80539-070-1.

Jakobsh, Doris (10 February 2000). "The Construction of Gender in History and Religion: The Sikh Case". In Bose, Mandakranta (ed.). Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-19-512229-9.

Grewal, J. S. (25 July 2019). "New Perspectives and Sources". Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1.

Hanks, Merry Wiesner (2017). Ulinka, Rublack (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations. Oxford University Press. p. 752. ISBN 978-0-19-964692-0.

Grewal, J. S. (25 July 2019). "New Perspectives and Sources". Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708): Master of the White Hawk. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-099038-1.

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Fenech, Louis E. (2001). "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 121 (1): 20–31. doi:10.2307/606726. JSTOR 606726.

Fenech, Louis E. (1997). "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 117 (4): 623–642. doi:10.2307/606445. JSTOR 606445.

McLeod, Hew (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 22 (sup001): 155–165. doi:10.1080/00856408708723379. ISSN 0085-6401.

jstor.org

Fenech, Louis E. (2001). "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 121 (1): 20–31. doi:10.2307/606726. JSTOR 606726.

Fenech, Louis E. (1997). "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 117 (4): 623–642. doi:10.2307/606445. JSTOR 606445.

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"Section Six". Sikh Reht Maryada. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Amritsar. 1994. Archived from the original on 2 February 2002.

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McLeod, Hew (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 22 (sup001): 155–165. doi:10.1080/00856408708723379. ISSN 0085-6401.

Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996). Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 43–45. ISBN 978-0812215922. OCLC 44966032.

Deol, pp. 25–28 Deol, Jeevan (2001). "Eighteenth Century Khalsa Identity: Discourse, Praxis and Narrative". In Arvind-pal Singh and Mandair, Gurharpal Singh and Christopher Shackle (ed.). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0700713899. OCLC 45337782.

Deol, pp. 30–33 Deol, Jeevan (2001). "Eighteenth Century Khalsa Identity: Discourse, Praxis and Narrative". In Arvind-pal Singh and Mandair, Gurharpal Singh and Christopher Shackle (ed.). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0700713899. OCLC 45337782.

Singh, Sikandar (2012). Sikh heritage : ethos & relics. Roopinder Singh, Paul Michael Taylor. New Delhi. pp. 21, 23. ISBN 978-81-291-1983-4. OCLC 828612294. The ten Gurus organised their disciples into sangats and infused their personality again into the Sikhs. This led to a remarkable development in the institution of 'Guru-ship', which eventually became the Guru Panth, thus bestowing divinity on the people. ... The Sikh assemblies also acquired great sanctity, owing to the belief that the spirit of the Guru lived and moved among them collectively, the whole body being called the panth. This panth follows the path shown by the way the Gurus lived their lives, as also the precepts laid down by them. In turn, it is regarded as an embodiment of the Guru—Guru Panth. In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru, himself received baptism from the five Sikhs he had first initiated. The panth, the assembly and the Guru became one. After his demise, there was no living Guru for the Sikhs. The Shabad, in the presence of the sangat, became the Guru, the guiding light and in presence of Akalpurakh, the Timeless Being. The panth thus was invested with the personality of the Guru, and the incorporated Word became Gyan Guru (knowledge). This panth, called the Khalsa, was to be the Guru in spirit, and was authorised to work with collective responsibility, with Guru Granth Sahib as its guiding spirit.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Deol, pp. 25–26 Deol, Jeevan (2001). "Eighteenth Century Khalsa Identity: Discourse, Praxis and Narrative". In Arvind-pal Singh and Mandair, Gurharpal Singh and Christopher Shackle (ed.). Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Routledge. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0700713899. OCLC 45337782.

Paul Robert Magocsi, ed. (1999) [1998]. Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 1157. ISBN 978-0802029386. OCLC 56300149.

Parsons, Gerald (1994). The Growth of Religious Diversity: Britain from 1945. Routledge. p. 231. ISBN 978-0415083263. OCLC 29957116.

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Khalsa (English Wikipedia)

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