Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Khanate of Khiva" in English language version.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link)They all had Persian as both their court language and the language of culture and all the successive sovereigns in each of the three instances were of Turkish origin: the Safavid followed by the Qajars in Iran; the Moghuls in India... in the various emirates Transoxiania (Bukhara Khiva and Kokand).