Khat (English Wikipedia)

Nutt, D.; King, L.A.; Saulsbury, C.; Blakemore, Colin (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. Bibcode:2010Lanc..376.1558N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Nutt, D; King, LA; Saulsbury, W; Blakemore, C (24 March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Moreda, Geleta Afessa; Teklemariyem, Debela Alema; Tolasa, Sorome Deresa; Gutata, Gamachis Ragasa (2024). "Pyrolysis of Khat waste vs. Coal: Experimental and Aspen plus analysis". Heliyon. 10 (20) e39097. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1039097M. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39097. PMC 11620060. PMID 39640708.

aftenposten.no (Global: 1,208^th place; English: 1,668^th place)

"Annenhver somalier tygger khat". Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 3 December 2017.

al-bab.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hassan, Nageeb; Gunaid, Abdullah; Murray-Lyon, Iain. "British-Yemeni Society: The impact of khat-chewing on health: a re-evaluation". Al-bab.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.

ars-grin.gov (Global: 648^th place; English: 970^th place)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov

"Catha edulis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 December 2017.

austlii.edu.au (Global: 1,563^rd place; English: 725^th place)

Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 (Cth) Reuglation 5 and Schedule 4.
Drugs misuse Regulation 1987 (Qld) Schedule 2.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"Herbal stimulant khat to be banned". BBC News. 3 July 2013.
"Khat: What impact will UK herb stimulant ban have?". BBC News. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
"Kenya appeals to UK not to ban khat". BBC News. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2014.

news.bbc.co.uk

Kirby, Alex (7 April 2007). "Yemen's khat habit soaks up water". BBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2014.

bnn.go.id (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika (Laws of the Republic Indonesia Number 35 Year 2009 About Narcotics)" (PDF). BNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 27 October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Dickens, Charles (1856) [Digitized 19 February 2010]. "The Orsons of East Africa". Household Words: A Weekly Journal, Volume 14. Bradbury & Evans. p. 176. Retrieved 9 January 2014. (Free eBook)
al- Maqrīzī, Aḥmad; Huntingford, G.W.B (1955). The Book of the True Knowledge of the History of the Moslem Kings in Abyssinia. p. 12.
Braukhamper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. LitVerlag. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-8258-5671-7.
Admassie, Yeraswork (5 November 2018). The Khat Conundrum in Ethiopia Socioeconomic Impact and Policy Directions. Forum for Social Studies. ISBN 978-99944-50-63-3.
Ingrid Hehmeyer; Hannelore Schönig; Hanne Schönig (2012). Herbal Medicine in Yemen: Traditional Knowledge and Practice, and Their Value for Today's World. Brill. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-04-22150-5.
LawTech Publishing Group (2016). 2016 California Penal Code Unabridged. San Clemente: LawTech Publishing Group. p. 3940. ISBN 978-1-889315-22-5.

bristolpost.co.uk (Global: 4,306^th place; English: 2,178^th place)

"Khat in Bristol: Banned drug's still here – it's just moved underground". Bristol Post. 10 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

canlii.org (Global: 5,817^th place; English: 3,107^th place)

"R. c. Ali, 2014 QCCQ 671". CanLII. 10 December 2014.
R. v. Soufi and Mohamed, 2016 ONCJ 643 (13 October 2016), Court of Justice (Ontario, Canada)

channel4.com (Global: 1,192^nd place; English: 622^nd place)

"Joining the police crack-down on banned drug khat". Channel 4 News. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2015.

chineseembassy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

in.chineseembassy.org

"Visitors Please Do Not Carry Khat into China". 4 May 2014.

chinhphu.vn (Global: 1,701^st place; English: 5,475^th place)

datafiles.chinhphu.vn

"Nghị định số 57/2022/NĐ-CP của Chính phủ: Quy định các danh mục chất ma túy và tiền chất" [Government Decree No. 57/2022/NĐ-CP on the Lists of narcotics and precursors] (PDF) (in Vietnamese).
"Luật số 73/2021/QH14 của Quốc hội: Luật Phòng, chống ma túy" [National Assembly Statute No. 73/2021/QH14: the Law on the prevention of narcotics] (PDF) (in Vietnamese).

vanban.chinhphu.vn

"Luật số 100/2015/QH13 của Quốc hội: Bộ Luật Hình sự" [National Assembly Statute No. 100/2015/QH13: the Criminal Code] (in Vietnamese).

cnb.gov.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Plants that Contain Controlled Drugs". cnb.gov.sg. Retrieved 28 May 2024.

conservatives.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Where we stand: Community relations". Conservatives.com. Conservative Party. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

csmonitor.com (Global: 982^nd place; English: 614^th place)

Jones, Aidan (8 May 2009). "More Somali migrants say Britain should ban khat". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"Gangs infiltrate Canada's airports". The Christian Science Monitor. 16 December 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2010.

depers.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Qat niet verboden" (in Dutch). DePers.nl. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2010.

dhakatribune.com (Global: 1,778^th place; English: 969^th place)

"Who runs the khat smuggling ring in Bangladesh?". Dhaka Tribune. 16 July 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Oldfield, S. (2024). "Catha edulis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T34617A212025590. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T34617A212025590.en. Retrieved 1 April 2026.
Elmi, A. S. (August 1983). "The chewing of khat in Somalia". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 8 (2): 163–176. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(83)90052-1. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 6139513.
Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86 (10): 741–42. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.011008. PMC 2649518. PMID 18949206. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
Nutt, D.; King, L.A.; Saulsbury, C.; Blakemore, Colin (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Cox, Glenice; Rampes, Hagen (November 2003). "Adverse effects of khat: A review". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 9 (6): 456–463. doi:10.1192/apt.9.6.456.
Manghi, Rita Annoni; Broers, Barbara; Khan, Riaz; Benguettat, Djamel; Khazaal, Yasser; Zullino, Daniele Fabio (2009). "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 41 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/02791072.2009.10400669. PMID 19455904. S2CID 30637165.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. Bibcode:2010Lanc..376.1558N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Nutt, D; King, LA; Saulsbury, W; Blakemore, C (24 March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Lemieux, Andrine M.; Li, Bingshuo; al'Absi, Mustafa (3 February 2015). "Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 160: 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.002. PMC 4281284. PMID 25435289.
Giannini, A.J.; Castellani, S. (July 1982). "A manic-like psychosis due to khat (Catha edulis Forsk.)". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 19 (5): 455–59. doi:10.3109/15563658208992500. PMID 7175990.
Yitayih, Y.; Vanderplasschen, W.; Vandewalle, S.; Rita, V. D.; Gilbert, L. (2023). "The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 26 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5. hdl:1854/LU-01GSDH896EZMZ7XE4W43AFYSAM. PMID 36689029. S2CID 256104043.
Getahun, Wondwossen; Gedif, Teferi; Tesfaye, Fasil; Heidelberg, Kenneth A. (2017). "What constitutes problematic khat use? An exploratory mixed methods study in Ethiopia". Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 12 (1). doi:10.1186/s13011-017-0100-y. PMC 5433038. PMID 28532484.
Hommel, Bernhard; Bajo, Maria Teresa; Van Den Wildenberg, Wery P. M.; Ruiz, Manuel J.; Colzato, Lorenza S. (12 January 2011). "Long-term effects of chronic khat use: impaired inhibitory control". Frontiers in Psychology. 1. Frontiers in cognition: 219. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00219. PMC 3153824. PMID 21833274.
Al-Motarreb, A. L.; Broadley, K. J. (October–December 2003). "Coronary and aortic vasoconstriction by cathinone, the active constituent of khat". Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology. 23 (5–6): 319–26. doi:10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00303.x. PMID 15255816.
Mateen, F. J.; Cascino, G. D. (November 2010). "Khat Chewing: A smokeless gun?". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (11): 971–73. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0658. PMC 2966359. PMID 21037041.
Ahmed, M.B.; El-Qirbi, A.B. (August 1993). "Biochemical effects of Catha edulis, cathine and cathinone on adrenocortical functions". J Ethnopharmacol. 39 (3): 213–16. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90039-8. PMID 7903110.
Adeoya-Osiguwa, S.A.; Fraser, L.R. (March 2007). "Cathine, an amphetamine-related compound, acts on mammalian spermatozoa via beta1- and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors in a capacitation state-dependent manner". Hum. Reprod. 22 (3): 756–65. doi:10.1093/humrep/del454. PMID 17158213.
Giannini, A. J.; Miller, N. S.; Turner, C. E. (1992). "Treatment of khat addiction". J Subst Abuse Treat. 9 (4): 379–82. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(92)90034-L. PMID 1362228.
Balint, Erica E.; Falkay, George; Balint, Gabor A. (2009). "Khat: a Controversial Plant". Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 121 (19–20): 604–614. doi:10.1007/s00508-009-1259-7. PMID 19921126. S2CID 22816940.
Ayano, Getinet; Ayalew, Mohammed; Bedaso, Asres; Duko, Bereket (January 2024). "Epidemiology of Khat ( Catha edulis ) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 56 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2155735. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 36508190.
Giannini, A.J.; Burge, H.; Shaheen, J.M.; Price, W.A. (1986). "Khat: another drug of abuse?". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 18 (2): 155–58. doi:10.1080/02791072.1986.10471395. PMID 3734955. S2CID 1804158.
Ché-Ross, Raimy (2000). "Munshi Abdullah's voyage to Mecca: A preliminary introduction and annotated translation". Indonesia and the Malay World. 28 (81): 173–213. doi:10.1080/713672763. S2CID 162579224.
Bentur, Y.; Bloom-Krasik, A.; Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, B. (2008). "Illicit cathinone ("Hagigat") poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. 46 (3): 206–10. doi:10.1080/15563650701517574. PMID 17852166. S2CID 23603259.
Warfa, N.; Klein, A.; Bhui, K.; Leavey, G.; Craig, T.; Alfred Stansfeld, S. (2007). "Khat use and mental illness: A critical review". Social Science & Medicine. 65 (2): 309–18. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.038. PMID 17544193.
Moreda, Geleta Afessa; Teklemariyem, Debela Alema; Tolasa, Sorome Deresa; Gutata, Gamachis Ragasa (2024). "Pyrolysis of Khat waste vs. Coal: Experimental and Aspen plus analysis". Heliyon. 10 (20) e39097. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1039097M. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39097. PMC 11620060. PMID 39640708.

drugfree.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"DF – Khat". Drugfree.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2014.

druglijn.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Druglijn – Wat is khat? Veelgestelde vragen". Retrieved 13 April 2017.

drugs.com (Global: 529^th place; English: 550^th place)

Drugs.com (1 January 2007). "Complete Khat Info".

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

"Khat is big business in Ethiopia – DW – 07/10/2019". dw.com. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

dwaf.gov.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.dwaf.gov.za

"Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
"The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2026.
"The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

ekathimerini.com (Global: 3,643^rd place; English: 2,546^th place)

"€1.5 mln of khat, a stimulant drug, seized at Athens airport". Ekathimerini. 2 August 2025. Retrieved 18 August 2025.

ekhat.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Khat (catha edulis)". Ekhat. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.

erowid.org (Global: 3,273^rd place; English: 1,926^th place)

"Erowid Khat Vault : Law: Federal Register vol 58, no 9". Erowid.org. Retrieved 2 April 2010.

fastforward.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Consultation on khat use within Glasgow's Somali community" (PDF). Fast Forward. 19 January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

accessdata.fda.gov

"Import Alert 66-23" (Press release). Food and Drug Administration. 18 March 2011. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2014.

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,112^th place; English: 2,133^rd place)

Heffez, Adam (23 July 2013). "How Yemen Chewed Itself Dry". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 29 July 2013.

gesetze-im-internet.de (Global: 1,764^th place; English: 5,286^th place)

"Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln (Betäubungsmittelgesetz - BtMG)" [Law on trafficking in narcotics] (PDF) (in German). Retrieved 24 October 2021.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Khat Power: The Latest War on Drugs". 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2014 – via YouTube.

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

David M. Anderson and Neil C. M. Carrier, University of Oxford (July 2011). "Khat: Social harms and legislation A literature review" (PDF). gov.uk. United Kingdom Home Office. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
"Khat: A review of its potential harms to the individual and communities in the UK" (PDF). Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. 23 January 2013.
"Written statement to Parliament: Khat". HM Government. 3 July 2013.

gulfnews.com (Global: 972^nd place; English: 600^th place)

Al Jandaly, Bassma (14 July 2010). "65-year-old Emirati serving life for using qat". Gulf News. Retrieved 1 December 2017.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Yitayih, Y.; Vanderplasschen, W.; Vandewalle, S.; Rita, V. D.; Gilbert, L. (2023). "The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 26 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5. hdl:1854/LU-01GSDH896EZMZ7XE4W43AFYSAM. PMID 36689029. S2CID 256104043.

hs.fi (Global: 343^rd place; English: 1,251^st place)

"Khat use on the increase in Finland". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2011.

ibro.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

sona.ibro.info

"KRP Symposium". Archived from the original on 13 March 2010.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"Yemen crisis: Meet the child soldiers who have forsaken books for". The Independent. 19 April 2015.

info.gov.hk (Global: 1,611^th place; English: 3,302^nd place)

"Hong Kong Customs seizes suspected ketamine and khat leaves (with photo)". info.gov.hk.

infopolitie.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"khat" (in Dutch). Infopolitie.nl. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2010.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

Oldfield, S. (2024). "Catha edulis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T34617A212025590. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T34617A212025590.en. Retrieved 1 April 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Hill, Bob (11 March 1965). "Č̣at (Catha edulis Forsk)". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 3 (2). Institute of Ethiopian Studies: 13–23. JSTOR 41965724.

justice.gc.ca (Global: 3,261^st place; English: 2,011^th place)

laws.justice.gc.ca

"Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Laws.justice.gc.ca. 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2010.

kew.org (Global: 100^th place; English: 140^th place)

powo.science.kew.org

"Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 April 2026.

khatresearch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KRP". Khatresearch.org. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2010.

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Verhovek, Sam Howe (2006). DEA's Khat Sting Stirs Up Somali "Cultural Clash". Los Angeles Times. 22 August 2006.

legislation.gov.uk (Global: 728^th place; English: 375^th place)

"The Misuse of Drugs (Designation) (Amendment) (No. 2) (England, Wales and Scotland) Order 2014". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
"The Misuse of Drugs (Designation) (Amendment) (No. 2) (England, Wales and Scotland) Order 2014". legislation.gov.uk.

legislation.govt.nz (Global: 6,289^th place; English: 3,674^th place)

"Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 No 116". legislation.govt.nz. July 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2015.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

see Law Library of Congress (May 2015) Legal status of khat in selected jurisdictions

mbl.is (Global: 2,648^th place; English: 2,126^th place)

"Hald lagt á fíkniefnið Khat í fyrsta sinn" (in Icelandic). 19 August 2010.
"60 kíló af fíkniefnum" (in Icelandic). 18 May 2011.

mo.gov (Global: 2,582^nd place; English: 1,191^st place)

moga.mo.gov

"Section 195-017 Substances, how placed in schedules-li". Moga.mo.gov. 28 August 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

news24.com (Global: 1,057^th place; English: 583^rd place)

"What is khat?". 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

Filkins, Dexter (11 April 2011). "After the Uprising". The New Yorker. Retrieved 5 April 2011.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Elmi, A. S. (August 1983). "The chewing of khat in Somalia". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 8 (2): 163–176. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(83)90052-1. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 6139513.
Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86 (10): 741–42. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.011008. PMC 2649518. PMID 18949206. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
Nutt, D.; King, L.A.; Saulsbury, C.; Blakemore, Colin (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Manghi, Rita Annoni; Broers, Barbara; Khan, Riaz; Benguettat, Djamel; Khazaal, Yasser; Zullino, Daniele Fabio (2009). "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 41 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/02791072.2009.10400669. PMID 19455904. S2CID 30637165.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. Bibcode:2010Lanc..376.1558N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Nutt, D; King, LA; Saulsbury, W; Blakemore, C (24 March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Lemieux, Andrine M.; Li, Bingshuo; al'Absi, Mustafa (3 February 2015). "Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 160: 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.002. PMC 4281284. PMID 25435289.
Giannini, A.J.; Castellani, S. (July 1982). "A manic-like psychosis due to khat (Catha edulis Forsk.)". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 19 (5): 455–59. doi:10.3109/15563658208992500. PMID 7175990.
Yitayih, Y.; Vanderplasschen, W.; Vandewalle, S.; Rita, V. D.; Gilbert, L. (2023). "The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 26 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5. hdl:1854/LU-01GSDH896EZMZ7XE4W43AFYSAM. PMID 36689029. S2CID 256104043.
Getahun, Wondwossen; Gedif, Teferi; Tesfaye, Fasil; Heidelberg, Kenneth A. (2017). "What constitutes problematic khat use? An exploratory mixed methods study in Ethiopia". Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 12 (1). doi:10.1186/s13011-017-0100-y. PMC 5433038. PMID 28532484.
Hommel, Bernhard; Bajo, Maria Teresa; Van Den Wildenberg, Wery P. M.; Ruiz, Manuel J.; Colzato, Lorenza S. (12 January 2011). "Long-term effects of chronic khat use: impaired inhibitory control". Frontiers in Psychology. 1. Frontiers in cognition: 219. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00219. PMC 3153824. PMID 21833274.
Al-Motarreb, A. L.; Broadley, K. J. (October–December 2003). "Coronary and aortic vasoconstriction by cathinone, the active constituent of khat". Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology. 23 (5–6): 319–26. doi:10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00303.x. PMID 15255816.
Mateen, F. J.; Cascino, G. D. (November 2010). "Khat Chewing: A smokeless gun?". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (11): 971–73. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0658. PMC 2966359. PMID 21037041.
Ahmed, M.B.; El-Qirbi, A.B. (August 1993). "Biochemical effects of Catha edulis, cathine and cathinone on adrenocortical functions". J Ethnopharmacol. 39 (3): 213–16. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90039-8. PMID 7903110.
Adeoya-Osiguwa, S.A.; Fraser, L.R. (March 2007). "Cathine, an amphetamine-related compound, acts on mammalian spermatozoa via beta1- and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors in a capacitation state-dependent manner". Hum. Reprod. 22 (3): 756–65. doi:10.1093/humrep/del454. PMID 17158213.
Giannini, A. J.; Miller, N. S.; Turner, C. E. (1992). "Treatment of khat addiction". J Subst Abuse Treat. 9 (4): 379–82. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(92)90034-L. PMID 1362228.
Balint, Erica E.; Falkay, George; Balint, Gabor A. (2009). "Khat: a Controversial Plant". Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 121 (19–20): 604–614. doi:10.1007/s00508-009-1259-7. PMID 19921126. S2CID 22816940.
Ayano, Getinet; Ayalew, Mohammed; Bedaso, Asres; Duko, Bereket (January 2024). "Epidemiology of Khat ( Catha edulis ) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 56 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2155735. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 36508190.
Giannini, A.J.; Burge, H.; Shaheen, J.M.; Price, W.A. (1986). "Khat: another drug of abuse?". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 18 (2): 155–58. doi:10.1080/02791072.1986.10471395. PMID 3734955. S2CID 1804158.
Bentur, Y.; Bloom-Krasik, A.; Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, B. (2008). "Illicit cathinone ("Hagigat") poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. 46 (3): 206–10. doi:10.1080/15563650701517574. PMID 17852166. S2CID 23603259.
Warfa, N.; Klein, A.; Bhui, K.; Leavey, G.; Craig, T.; Alfred Stansfeld, S. (2007). "Khat use and mental illness: A critical review". Social Science & Medicine. 65 (2): 309–18. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.038. PMID 17544193.
Douglas, Heather; Pedder, Merali (2010). "Legal regulation of the drug khat in Australia". Journal of Law and Medicine. 18 (2): 284–301. ISSN 1320-159X. PMID 21355431.
Moreda, Geleta Afessa; Teklemariyem, Debela Alema; Tolasa, Sorome Deresa; Gutata, Gamachis Ragasa (2024). "Pyrolysis of Khat waste vs. Coal: Experimental and Aspen plus analysis". Heliyon. 10 (20) e39097. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1039097M. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39097. PMC 11620060. PMID 39640708.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86 (10): 741–42. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.011008. PMC 2649518. PMID 18949206. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
Lemieux, Andrine M.; Li, Bingshuo; al'Absi, Mustafa (3 February 2015). "Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 160: 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.002. PMC 4281284. PMID 25435289.
Getahun, Wondwossen; Gedif, Teferi; Tesfaye, Fasil; Heidelberg, Kenneth A. (2017). "What constitutes problematic khat use? An exploratory mixed methods study in Ethiopia". Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 12 (1). doi:10.1186/s13011-017-0100-y. PMC 5433038. PMID 28532484.
Hommel, Bernhard; Bajo, Maria Teresa; Van Den Wildenberg, Wery P. M.; Ruiz, Manuel J.; Colzato, Lorenza S. (12 January 2011). "Long-term effects of chronic khat use: impaired inhibitory control". Frontiers in Psychology. 1. Frontiers in cognition: 219. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00219. PMC 3153824. PMID 21833274.
Mateen, F. J.; Cascino, G. D. (November 2010). "Khat Chewing: A smokeless gun?". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85 (11): 971–73. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0658. PMC 2966359. PMID 21037041.
"Behavioral Effects of Cathinone". Archived from the original on 15 June 1997.
Moreda, Geleta Afessa; Teklemariyem, Debela Alema; Tolasa, Sorome Deresa; Gutata, Gamachis Ragasa (2024). "Pyrolysis of Khat waste vs. Coal: Experimental and Aspen plus analysis". Heliyon. 10 (20) e39097. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1039097M. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39097. PMC 11620060. PMID 39640708.

nova.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

"NOVA paper 1/06". 16 March 2007. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.

nrg.co.il (Global: low place; English: 8,286^th place)

"חדשות - בארץ NRG - הסוף למיץ גת: המשקה הפופולרי לא חוקי". Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015. nrg

nu.nl (Global: 999^th place; English: 2,084^th place)

"Kabinet verbiedt qat" (in Dutch). Nu.nl. 10 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Kirkpatrick, David D. (22 February 2019). "For Yemen Child Soldiers, a Refuge Mixes Play with Saudi Propaganda". The New York Times.

nzherald.co.nz (Global: 390^th place; English: 205^th place)

Simon, O'Rourke (13 December 2006). "Concerns over African methamphetamine-like drug in Hamilton". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 12 April 2025.

odc.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Import restrictions: Kava and Khat | Office of Drug Control". odc.gov.au. 7 December 2016. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2017.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

Oxford English Dictionary, 1st edition, 1901 s.v.

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739^th place; English: 3,639^th place)

"Khat | Office of Justice Programs". ojp.gov. Retrieved 2 March 2023.

parliament.uk (Global: 313^th place; English: 181^st place)

publications.parliament.uk

"Hansard 11 Jan 2012". Hansard. 11 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2012.

pisrs.si (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Uredba o razvrstitvi prepovedanih drog (Uradni list RS, št. 45/14, 22/16, 14/17 in 4/19)" (in Slovenian).

plantzafrica.com (Global: low place; English: 9,970^th place)

"Catha edulis". PlantZAfrica.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2014.

plot55.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Growing Catha edulis". Plot55. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.

presseportal.de (Global: 2,208^th place; English: 8,260^th place)

"HZA-F: 324 Kilo Khat vom Zoll am Flughafen Frankfurt am Main sichergestellt" [Frankfurt Customs Office: 324 kilos of khat secured by Customs at Frankfurt am Main]. presseportal.de (in German). Retrieved 29 December 2018.

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; English: 967^th place)

Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86 (10): 741–42. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.011008. PMC 2649518. PMID 18949206. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2014.

radcliffe-oxford.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Klein, Axel (2007). "Khat and the creation of tradition in the Somali diaspora" (PDF). In Fountain, Jane; Korf, Dirk J. (eds.). Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing. pp. 51–61. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

rds.homeoffice.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Patel, Shilpa L.; Wright, Sam; Gammampila, Alex (2005). "Khat use among Somalis in four English cities" (PDF). Online Report 47/05. Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

revues.org (Global: 1,962^nd place; English: 3,894^th place)

oceanindien.revues.org

"Khat in the Western Indian Ocean – Regional Linkages and Disjunctures" Neil Carrier et Lisa Gezon, 42–43 | 2009 : Plantes et Sociétés, pp. 271–97.

salute.gov.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tabelle delle sostanze stupefacenti e psicotrope". Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2018.

sapta.or.ke (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SAPTA – Khat". Archived from the original on 18 July 2012.

sejm.gov.pl (Global: 175^th place; English: 1,709^th place)

isap.sejm.gov.pl

"Ustawa z dnia 29 lipca 2005 r. o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii (Dz.U. 2005 nr 179 poz. 1485)" (PDF).

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Nutt, D.; King, L.A.; Saulsbury, C.; Blakemore, Colin (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Manghi, Rita Annoni; Broers, Barbara; Khan, Riaz; Benguettat, Djamel; Khazaal, Yasser; Zullino, Daniele Fabio (2009). "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 41 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/02791072.2009.10400669. PMID 19455904. S2CID 30637165.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. Bibcode:2010Lanc..376.1558N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Nutt, D; King, LA; Saulsbury, W; Blakemore, C (24 March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–53. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Yitayih, Y.; Vanderplasschen, W.; Vandewalle, S.; Rita, V. D.; Gilbert, L. (2023). "The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes: a meta-analysis". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 26 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5. hdl:1854/LU-01GSDH896EZMZ7XE4W43AFYSAM. PMID 36689029. S2CID 256104043.
Balint, Erica E.; Falkay, George; Balint, Gabor A. (2009). "Khat: a Controversial Plant". Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 121 (19–20): 604–614. doi:10.1007/s00508-009-1259-7. PMID 19921126. S2CID 22816940.
Giannini, A.J.; Burge, H.; Shaheen, J.M.; Price, W.A. (1986). "Khat: another drug of abuse?". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 18 (2): 155–58. doi:10.1080/02791072.1986.10471395. PMID 3734955. S2CID 1804158.
Ché-Ross, Raimy (2000). "Munshi Abdullah's voyage to Mecca: A preliminary introduction and annotated translation". Indonesia and the Malay World. 28 (81): 173–213. doi:10.1080/713672763. S2CID 162579224.
Bentur, Y.; Bloom-Krasik, A.; Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, B. (2008). "Illicit cathinone ("Hagigat") poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. 46 (3): 206–10. doi:10.1080/15563650701517574. PMID 17852166. S2CID 23603259.

sky.com (Global: 566^th place; English: 355^th place)

news.sky.com

Marshall, Tim (15 January 2010). "Yemen: Legal High Is 'Fueling Extremism'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
"Call for new controls on legal drug khat". Sky News. 19 June 2010. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

sst.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brug af khat blandt dansk-somaliere – undersøgelse af omfang og holdninger. Danish Health Authority. 2009. pp. 1–3, 6. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2017.

standardmedia.co.ke (Global: 4,156^th place; English: 2,324^th place)

"UK legislators to press for lifting ban on Miraa Read". Standard Digital. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.

taarifa.rw (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Museveni Signs Law Banning Khat in Uganda". Taarifa Rwanda. 8 February 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2025.

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Ayano, Getinet; Ayalew, Mohammed; Bedaso, Asres; Duko, Bereket (January 2024). "Epidemiology of Khat ( Catha edulis ) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 56 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2155735. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 36508190.

thecitizen.co.tz (Global: 7,724^th place; English: 4,847^th place)

"Denied: Kenya won't be allowed to sell khat in the UK". The Citizen. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Urquhart, Conal (4 September 2004). "Drugs and dance as Israelis blot out intifada". The Guardian.
Doward, Jamie; Shah, Oliver (26 April 2009). "There are many drugs that help people get out of their minds yet stay within the law – they're called 'legal highs'". The Guardian. The Observer.
Warsi, Sayeeda (15 June 2008). "Conservatives will ban khat". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 August 2010.

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; English: 213^th place)

Powell, Betsy (20 April 2012). "Woman who brought khat to Canada wins appeal". The Star. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.

theyworkforyou.com (Global: 7,017^th place; English: 4,228^th place)

"Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2014 – Motion to Approve: 12 May 2014: House of Lords debates". theyworkforyou.com. Retrieved 31 May 2014.

toll.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Khat – Tolletaten". Toll.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
"Khat 09-14 – Tolletaten". Toll.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
"Khat – Tolletaten". Toll.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
"Official statistics from the Norwegian Customs and Excise Authorities" (in Norwegian). 1 June 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.

tullverket.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

Drogsituationen Lägesbild i Sverige 2013–2016 / Dnr ANA 2016- 271 (PDF). Polismyndigheten / Nationella operativa avdelningen. 2016. p. 44.

tycg.gov.tw (Global: low place; English: low place)

dph.tycg.gov.tw

桃園市政府毒品危害防制中心 (25 July 2016). "桃園市政府毒品危害防制中心". Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.

umn.edu (Global: 1,293^rd place; English: 776^th place)

med.umn.edu

"al'Absi Launches the Khat Research Program" (Press release). Med.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 8 December 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2010.

unodc.org (Global: 2,954^th place; English: 2,575^th place)

"World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs: Fourteenth Report". United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. Archived from the original on 30 August 2003.
Ministry of the Interior, Department of Drug Control. "Federal Law No. 14 of 1995 on the Countermeasures against Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The State of the United Arab Emirates. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

africa.upenn.edu

"Everything about Qat/khat/kat". africa.upenn.edu. Retrieved 28 March 2023.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86 (10): 741–42. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.011008. PMC 2649518. PMID 18949206. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
"Khat facts". ADF. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
"Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
"Growing Catha edulis". Plot55. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
"Catha edulis". PlantZAfrica.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
Marshall, Tim (15 January 2010). "Yemen: Legal High Is 'Fueling Extremism'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
"The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2026.
Hassan, Nageeb; Gunaid, Abdullah; Murray-Lyon, Iain. "British-Yemeni Society: The impact of khat-chewing on health: a re-evaluation". Al-bab.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
"DF – Khat". Drugfree.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
"Behavioral Effects of Cathinone". Archived from the original on 15 June 1997.
"World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs: Fourteenth Report". United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. Archived from the original on 30 August 2003.
"SAPTA – Khat". Archived from the original on 18 July 2012.
"What is khat?". 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
桃園市政府毒品危害防制中心 (25 July 2016). "桃園市政府毒品危害防制中心". Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
"חדשות - בארץ NRG - הסוף למיץ גת: המשקה הפופולרי לא חוקי". Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015. nrg
"Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika (Laws of the Republic Indonesia Number 35 Year 2009 About Narcotics)" (PDF). BNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 27 October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2017.
"Khat (catha edulis)". Ekhat. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
Ministry of the Interior, Department of Drug Control. "Federal Law No. 14 of 1995 on the Countermeasures against Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The State of the United Arab Emirates. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
Brug af khat blandt dansk-somaliere – undersøgelse af omfang og holdninger. Danish Health Authority. 2009. pp. 1–3, 6. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
"Khat use on the increase in Finland". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
"Tabelle delle sostanze stupefacenti e psicotrope". Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
"khat" (in Dutch). Infopolitie.nl. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
"Qat niet verboden" (in Dutch). DePers.nl. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
"Khat – Tolletaten". Toll.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
"Khat 09-14 – Tolletaten". Toll.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
"Khat – Tolletaten". Toll.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
"NOVA paper 1/06". 16 March 2007. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.
"Official statistics from the Norwegian Customs and Excise Authorities" (in Norwegian). 1 June 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
Klein, Axel (2007). "Khat and the creation of tradition in the Somali diaspora" (PDF). In Fountain, Jane; Korf, Dirk J. (eds.). Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing. pp. 51–61. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
Patel, Shilpa L.; Wright, Sam; Gammampila, Alex (2005). "Khat use among Somalis in four English cities" (PDF). Online Report 47/05. Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"Where we stand: Community relations". Conservatives.com. Conservative Party. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
"Call for new controls on legal drug khat". Sky News. 19 June 2010. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
"Hansard 11 Jan 2012". Hansard. 11 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
"Denied: Kenya won't be allowed to sell khat in the UK". The Citizen. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
"Khat in Bristol: Banned drug's still here – it's just moved underground". Bristol Post. 10 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
"Consultation on khat use within Glasgow's Somali community" (PDF). Fast Forward. 19 January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
"Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Laws.justice.gc.ca. 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
Powell, Betsy (20 April 2012). "Woman who brought khat to Canada wins appeal". The Star. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
"Import Alert 66-23" (Press release). Food and Drug Administration. 18 March 2011. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
"Section 195-017 Substances, how placed in schedules-li". Moga.mo.gov. 28 August 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
"Import restrictions: Kava and Khat | Office of Drug Control". odc.gov.au. 7 December 2016. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
"al'Absi Launches the Khat Research Program" (Press release). Med.umn.edu. Archived from the original on 8 December 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
"KRP". Khatresearch.org. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
"KRP Symposium". Archived from the original on 13 March 2010.

webmd.com (Global: 2,056^th place; English: 1,884^th place)

"Khat: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning". webmd.com. Retrieved 25 May 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Elmi, A. S. (August 1983). "The chewing of khat in Somalia". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 8 (2): 163–176. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(83)90052-1. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 6139513.
"The drug that is starving Yemen". The Economist. 4 January 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2026.
Madar, Zecharia (2018), "The Khat Phenomenon in Yemen, and the Dangers it Poses", in Rachel Yedid; Danny Bar-Maoz (eds.), Ascending the Palm Tree: An Anthology of the Yemenite Jewish Heritage, Rehovot: E'ele BeTamar, p. 147, OCLC 1041776317
Ayano, Getinet; Ayalew, Mohammed; Bedaso, Asres; Duko, Bereket (January 2024). "Epidemiology of Khat ( Catha edulis ) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 56 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2155735. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 36508190.
Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè (2001). The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge University Press. pp. 672–73. ISBN 978-0-521-40216-3. OCLC 174647831.
Douglas, Heather; Pedder, Merali (2010). "Legal regulation of the drug khat in Australia". Journal of Law and Medicine. 18 (2): 284–301. ISSN 1320-159X. PMID 21355431.

worldcat.org

Zecharia Madar, "The Khat Phenomenon in Yemen and the Dangers it Poses", in: Ascending the Palm Tree – An Anthology of the Yemenite Jewish Heritage, Rachel Yedid & Danny Bar-Maoz (ed.), E'ele BeTamar: Rehovot 2018, p. 144 OCLC 1041776317

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

"Khat Power: The Latest War on Drugs". 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2014 – via YouTube.

Khat (English Wikipedia)

adf.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

druginfo.adf.org.au

adf.org.au

admin.ch (Global: 135th place; English: 266th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

aftenposten.no (Global: 1,208th place; English: 1,668th place)

al-bab.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ars-grin.gov (Global: 648th place; English: 970th place)

npgsweb.ars-grin.gov

austlii.edu.au (Global: 1,563rd place; English: 725th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

bnn.go.id (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

bristolpost.co.uk (Global: 4,306th place; English: 2,178th place)

canlii.org (Global: 5,817th place; English: 3,107th place)

channel4.com (Global: 1,192nd place; English: 622nd place)

chineseembassy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

in.chineseembassy.org

chinhphu.vn (Global: 1,701st place; English: 5,475th place)

datafiles.chinhphu.vn

vanban.chinhphu.vn

cnb.gov.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

conservatives.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

csmonitor.com (Global: 982nd place; English: 614th place)

depers.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

dhakatribune.com (Global: 1,778th place; English: 969th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

drugfree.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

druglijn.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

drugs.com (Global: 529th place; English: 550th place)

dw.com (Global: 205th place; English: 320th place)

dwaf.gov.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.dwaf.gov.za

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

ekathimerini.com (Global: 3,643rd place; English: 2,546th place)

ekhat.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

erowid.org (Global: 3,273rd place; English: 1,926th place)

fastforward.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

fda.gov (Global: 470th place; English: 329th place)

accessdata.fda.gov

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,112th place; English: 2,133rd place)

gesetze-im-internet.de (Global: 1,764th place; English: 5,286th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

gov.uk (Global: 401st place; English: 228th place)

gulfnews.com (Global: 972nd place; English: 600th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

hs.fi (Global: 343rd place; English: 1,251st place)

ibro.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

sona.ibro.info

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; English: 29th place)

info.gov.hk (Global: 1,611th place; English: 3,302nd place)

infopolitie.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39th place; English: 71st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

justice.gc.ca (Global: 3,261st place; English: 2,011th place)

laws.justice.gc.ca

kew.org (Global: 100th place; English: 140th place)

powo.science.kew.org

khatresearch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

latimes.com (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

legislation.gov.uk (Global: 728th place; English: 375th place)

legislation.govt.nz (Global: 6,289th place; English: 3,674th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)

mbl.is (Global: 2,648th place; English: 2,126th place)

mo.gov (Global: 2,582nd place; English: 1,191st place)

moga.mo.gov

news24.com (Global: 1,057th place; English: 583rd place)

newyorker.com (Global: 191st place; English: 122nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nova.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

nrg.co.il (Global: low place; English: 8,286th place)

nu.nl (Global: 999th place; English: 2,084th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nzherald.co.nz (Global: 390th place; English: 205th place)

admin.ch (Global: 135^th place; English: 266^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

aftenposten.no (Global: 1,208^th place; English: 1,668^th place)

ars-grin.gov (Global: 648^th place; English: 970^th place)

austlii.edu.au (Global: 1,563^rd place; English: 725^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

bristolpost.co.uk (Global: 4,306^th place; English: 2,178^th place)

canlii.org (Global: 5,817^th place; English: 3,107^th place)

channel4.com (Global: 1,192^nd place; English: 622^nd place)

chinhphu.vn (Global: 1,701^st place; English: 5,475^th place)

csmonitor.com (Global: 982^nd place; English: 614^th place)

dhakatribune.com (Global: 1,778^th place; English: 969^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

drugs.com (Global: 529^th place; English: 550^th place)

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

ekathimerini.com (Global: 3,643^rd place; English: 2,546^th place)

erowid.org (Global: 3,273^rd place; English: 1,926^th place)

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,112^th place; English: 2,133^rd place)

gesetze-im-internet.de (Global: 1,764^th place; English: 5,286^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

gulfnews.com (Global: 972^nd place; English: 600^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

hs.fi (Global: 343^rd place; English: 1,251^st place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

info.gov.hk (Global: 1,611^th place; English: 3,302^nd place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justice.gc.ca (Global: 3,261^st place; English: 2,011^th place)

kew.org (Global: 100^th place; English: 140^th place)

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

legislation.gov.uk (Global: 728^th place; English: 375^th place)

legislation.govt.nz (Global: 6,289^th place; English: 3,674^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

mbl.is (Global: 2,648^th place; English: 2,126^th place)

mo.gov (Global: 2,582^nd place; English: 1,191^st place)

news24.com (Global: 1,057^th place; English: 583^rd place)

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nrg.co.il (Global: low place; English: 8,286^th place)

nu.nl (Global: 999^th place; English: 2,084^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nzherald.co.nz (Global: 390^th place; English: 205^th place)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739^th place; English: 3,639^th place)

parliament.uk (Global: 313^th place; English: 181^st place)

plantzafrica.com (Global: low place; English: 9,970^th place)

presseportal.de (Global: 2,208^th place; English: 8,260^th place)

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; English: 967^th place)

revues.org (Global: 1,962^nd place; English: 3,894^th place)

sejm.gov.pl (Global: 175^th place; English: 1,709^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sky.com (Global: 566^th place; English: 355^th place)

standardmedia.co.ke (Global: 4,156^th place; English: 2,324^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

thecitizen.co.tz (Global: 7,724^th place; English: 4,847^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; English: 213^th place)

theyworkforyou.com (Global: 7,017^th place; English: 4,228^th place)

umn.edu (Global: 1,293^rd place; English: 776^th place)

unodc.org (Global: 2,954^th place; English: 2,575^th place)

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

webmd.com (Global: 2,056^th place; English: 1,884^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)