Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (2012). "Turks in the Egyptian Administration and the Turkish Language as a Language of Administration". In Humphrey Davies (ed.). The Turks in Egypt and their Cultural Legacy. Oxford Academic. pp. 81–98. doi:10.5743/cairo/9789774163975.003.0005. ISBN9789774163975.
Tanada, Hirofumi (March 1998). "Demographic Change in Rural Egypt, 1882–1917: Population of Mudiriya, Markaz and Madina". Discussion Paper. No. D97–22. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. hdl:10086/14678.
Olender, Piotr (2017). Russo-Turkish Naval War 1877-1878. [Place of publication not identified]. pp. 42–43. ISBN978-83-65281-66-1. OCLC992804901.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)