Kibera (English Wikipedia)

"AHI: United States " Kibera: Africa's largest slum". Affordablehousinginstitute.org. 7 July 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Lowder, Stella (1986). The geography of Third World cities. Totowa, N.J.: Barnes Noble Books. ISBN 0-389-20671-7.

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

Audio Slideshow: Dr. Biden Sees the Neighborhoods of Kenya The White House, United States (June 2010)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"BBC News – Improving sanitation in Kibera". BBC News. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Kenya begins huge slum clearance". BBC. 16 September 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Desgroppes, Amélie; Taupin, Sophie (1 September 2011). "Kibera: The Biggest Slum in Africa?". Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'Est / The East African Review (44): 23–33. doi:10.4000/eastafrica.521. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
j. Madise, Nyovani; Ziraba, Abdhalah K.; Inungu, Joseph; Khamadi, Samoel A.; Ezeh, Alex; Zulu, Eliya M.; Kebaso, John; Okoth, Vincent; Mwau, Matilu (September 2012). "Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya". Health & Place. 18 (5): 1144–1152. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.003. PMC 3427858. PMID 22591621.
Stenton, Christine (2015). Struggling for the 'right to the city': In situ informal settlement upgrading in Kibera, Nairobi (Thesis). Carleton University. doi:10.22215/etd/2015-11195.
Meredith, Thomas; MacDonald, Melanie (February 2017). "Community-supported slum-upgrading: Innovations from Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya". Habitat International. 60: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.12.003. ISSN 0197-3975.
Sarre, Johanna (2018), "The Nubians of Kibera 'Revisited': Detribalized Natives, Slum Dwellers, Middle Class?", Middle Classes in Africa, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 135–156, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62148-7_6, ISBN 978-3-319-62147-0
Kraff, N. J.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M. (May 2019). "How dynamic are slums? EO-based assessment of Kibera's morphologic transformation". 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808978. ISBN 978-1-7281-0009-8. S2CID 201621754.

dominionpaper.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

Moloo, Zahra (28 February 2008). "Machetes, Ethnic Conflict and Reductionism". The Dominion. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020.

dw.de (Global: 2,755^th place; English: 3,993^rd place)

Shimanyula, James (27 October 2014). "Biogas helping to clean up Nairobi slum". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

Boomtown slum – A day in the economic life of Africa's biggest shanty-town The Economist (22 December 2012)
"The strange allure of the slums". The Economist. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
"Upwardly mobile Africa: Boomtown slum". The Economist. 22 December 2012. p. 59. Retrieved 29 December 2012.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

"Kibera to Nairobi". Google Maps. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
"Kenya moves 1,500 slum residents to new homes". The Standard. 16 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.

houseoffriendskenya.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KAD -Kibera Arts District". HOUSE OF FRIENDS. Retrieved 11 September 2026.

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu

Colonial Reports, Annual No. 1606 Kenya Colony and Protectorate (1931), His Majesty's Stationery Office, London; page 17-20

internationalmedicalcorps.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A Trip Through Kenya's Kibera Slum". International Medical Corps. 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

intlhc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Archived copy" (PDF). intlhc.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

irinnews.org (Global: 4,930^th place; English: 3,950^th place)

"IRIN In-Depth | KENYA: Kibera, The Forgotten City | Kenya | Environment | Urban Risk". The New Humanitarian. 13 September 2006. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

de Smedt, Johan (2009). "Kill Me Quick, A History of Nubian Gin in Kibera". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 42 (2): 201–220. JSTOR 40282385.

kibera.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Facts and figures". Kibera UK. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

kiberablackstars.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kibera Black stars football club". Retrieved 1 March 2014.

kiberanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Top Stories - Everyday Kiberanet". kiberanet.com. Retrieved 11 September 2026.

kiberastories.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About". Kibera Stories. Retrieved 11 September 2026.

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

The Nubis of Kibera: a social history of the Nubians and Kibera slums Johan Victor Adriaan de Smedt (1951), Leiden University, Netherlands; pages 62–85

mapkiberaproject.yolasite.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Map Kibera Project

nairobikilasiku.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nairobi Kila Siku". www.nairobikilasiku.com. Retrieved 11 September 2026.

nation.co.ke (Global: 4,828^th place; English: 2,819^th place)

Karanja, Muchiri (3 September 2010). "Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up". Daily Nation. Retrieved 4 September 2010.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

j. Madise, Nyovani; Ziraba, Abdhalah K.; Inungu, Joseph; Khamadi, Samoel A.; Ezeh, Alex; Zulu, Eliya M.; Kebaso, John; Okoth, Vincent; Mwau, Matilu (September 2012). "Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya". Health & Place. 18 (5): 1144–1152. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.003. PMC 3427858. PMID 22591621.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

j. Madise, Nyovani; Ziraba, Abdhalah K.; Inungu, Joseph; Khamadi, Samoel A.; Ezeh, Alex; Zulu, Eliya M.; Kebaso, John; Okoth, Vincent; Mwau, Matilu (September 2012). "Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya". Health & Place. 18 (5): 1144–1152. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.003. PMC 3427858. PMID 22591621.

oneworld.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

YUNUS NDETI 2 (25 October 2003). "OneWorld South Asia Home / News – Slums have a history too". Oneworld.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2006. Retrieved 31 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

onthebox.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Michael Anderson (3 March 2011). "Famous, Rich And In The Slums Review: Putting Reality Back Into TV". OnTheBox. Retrieved 19 June 2017.

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

journals.openedition.org

Desgroppes, Amélie; Taupin, Sophie (1 September 2011). "Kibera: The Biggest Slum in Africa?". Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'Est / The East African Review (44): 23–33. doi:10.4000/eastafrica.521. Retrieved 31 January 2024.

ourppls.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tergat, Gloria (19 December 2025). "In Conversation with Return to Kibra". ourppls. Retrieved 11 September 2026.

popcouncil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Annabel S. Erulkar, James K. Matheka. "Adolescence in the Kibera Slums of Nairobi Kenya" (PDF). Population Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2012.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Kraff, N. J.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M. (May 2019). "How dynamic are slums? EO-based assessment of Kibera's morphologic transformation". 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808978. ISBN 978-1-7281-0009-8. S2CID 201621754.

socialtech.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tunapanda Institute". Social Tech Guide. Retrieved 14 May 2019.

state.gov (Global: 228^th place; English: 204^th place)

2001-2009.state.gov

"Kenya". State.gov. 8 March 2006. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

tuengr.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Understanding the Grassroots Dynamics of Slums in Nairobi: The Dilemma of Kibera Informal Settlements Emmanuel MUTISYA and Masaru YAIME, International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, Volume 2, No.2 (2011); pages 197–213

unhabitat.org (Global: 9,330^th place; English: 7,187^th place)

unhabitat.org

". Sanitation – vacutug | Phases". Un-Habitat. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

mirror.unhabitat.org

"Participating countries". Un-Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

uonbi.ac.ke (Global: low place; English: low place)

erepository.uonbi.ac.ke

Slum dwellers' response to free primary education: a case study of Kibera slum, Nairobi Archived 5 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Caroline Njeru, University of Nairobi (2010)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"AHI: United States " Kibera: Africa's largest slum". Affordablehousinginstitute.org. 7 July 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
"A Trip Through Kenya's Kibera Slum". International Medical Corps. 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
"Participating countries". Un-Habitat. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
Moloo, Zahra (28 February 2008). "Machetes, Ethnic Conflict and Reductionism". The Dominion. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020.
Annabel S. Erulkar, James K. Matheka. "Adolescence in the Kibera Slums of Nairobi Kenya" (PDF). Population Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
Kibera: How slum lords cash in on misery Kimathi Mutegi, The Nation, Kenya (19 September 2013). Archived copy on the Wayback Machine from 12 October 2013.
Parsons, Timothy (1997), Kibra Is Our Blood: The Sudanese Military Legacy in Nairobi's Kibera Location Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 1902–1968. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30(1), 87–122
"Archived copy" (PDF). intlhc.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
". Sanitation – vacutug | Phases". Un-Habitat. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"IRIN In-Depth | KENYA: Kibera, The Forgotten City | Kenya | Environment | Urban Risk". The New Humanitarian. 13 September 2006. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
Slum dwellers' response to free primary education: a case study of Kibera slum, Nairobi Archived 5 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Caroline Njeru, University of Nairobi (2010)
"Kenya moves 1,500 slum residents to new homes". The Standard. 16 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
YUNUS NDETI 2 (25 October 2003). "OneWorld South Asia Home / News – Slums have a history too". Oneworld.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2006. Retrieved 31 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Meredith, Thomas; MacDonald, Melanie (February 2017). "Community-supported slum-upgrading: Innovations from Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya". Habitat International. 60: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.12.003. ISSN 0197-3975.
Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu Ng´ang´a, Elizabeth Karanja, Jane Mercy (10 December 2008). Sanitation and hygiene in Kibera Slums, Nairobi : women´s concerns and nurses promotional tools. Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu. OCLC 869073877.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

wustl.edu (Global: 3,400^th place; English: 2,101^st place)

artsci.wustl.edu

Parsons, Timothy (1997), Kibra Is Our Blood: The Sudanese Military Legacy in Nairobi's Kibera Location Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 1902–1968. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30(1), 87–122

Kibera (English Wikipedia)

affordablehousinginstitute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319th place; English: 166th place)

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bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

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dw.de (Global: 2,755th place; English: 3,993rd place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

houseoffriendskenya.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178th place; English: 745th place)

libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu

internationalmedicalcorps.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

intlhc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

irinnews.org (Global: 4,930th place; English: 3,950th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kibera.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

kiberablackstars.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

kiberanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kiberastories.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966th place; English: 5,144th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

mapkiberaproject.yolasite.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nairobikilasiku.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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oneworld.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

onthebox.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

openedition.org (Global: 366th place; English: 883rd place)

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ourppls.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

popcouncil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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state.gov (Global: 228th place; English: 204th place)

2001-2009.state.gov

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unhabitat.org

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erepository.uonbi.ac.ke

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search.worldcat.org

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dw.de (Global: 2,755^th place; English: 3,993^rd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

illinois.edu (Global: 1,178^th place; English: 745^th place)

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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

nation.co.ke (Global: 4,828^th place; English: 2,819^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

state.gov (Global: 228^th place; English: 204^th place)

unhabitat.org (Global: 9,330^th place; English: 7,187^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

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