Kidarites (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Kidarites" in English language version.

Last modified: 17:53:28, 18 May 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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7339books.google.com

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1810academia.edu

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107jstor.org

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85doi.org

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62archive.org

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33persee.fr

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32iranicaonline.org

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31researchgate.net

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31hdl.handle.net

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22worldcat.org

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22tertullian.org

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21semanticscholar.org

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11cngcoins.com

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11uchicago.edu

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11wdl.org

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11uib.no

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11univie.ac.at

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11cambridge.org

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11britishmuseum.org

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academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Cribb 2010, p. 91. Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
Cribb 2010, pp. 95–96. Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
Grenet, Frantz (2006). "A Hunnish Kushanshah". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology: 125–131.
Cribb 2010, p. 97. Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
Cribb 2010, p. 99. Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
Cribb 2010, p. 109. Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
Cribb 2010, p. 123. Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf". Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al. Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
Cribb & Donovan 2014, p. 4. Cribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.
Lerner, Judith A. (210). Observations on the Typology and Style of Seals and Sealings from Bactria and the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, in Coins, Art and Chronology II. The First Millennium CE in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands. Vienna: ÖAW. p. 246, note 7.
Tandon, Pankaj (2009). "An Important New Copper Coin of Gadahara". Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society (200): 19.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Cribb 2018, p. 23. Cribb, Joe (2018). Rienjang, Wannaporn; Stewart, Peter (eds.). Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017. University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1-78491-855-2.
Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 68–69. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. p. 17. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.
Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. p. 10. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9789231032110.
Daryaee 2014, p. 17. Daryaee, Touraj (2014). Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240. ISBN 978-0857716668.
Sasanian Seals and Sealings, Rika Gyselen, Peeters Publishers, 2007, p.1
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, Michael Maas, Cambridge University Press, 2014 p.284sq
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A.; Unesco (1 January 1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0.
Maas, Michael (2015). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila. Cambridge University Press. p. 185. ISBN 9781107021754.
Mitterwallner, Gritli von (1986). Kuṣāṇa Coins and Kuṣāṇa Sculptures from Mathurā. Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of U.P., Lucknow.
Ancient Coin Collecting VI: Non-Classical Cultures, Wayne G. Sayles, p. 79, https://books.google.com/books?id=YTGRcVLMg6MC&pg=PA78
The Huns, Hyun Jin Kim, Routledge, 2015 p.50 sq
History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky, Unesco p.119 sq
History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky, Unesco p.38 sq
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, Michael Maas p.286
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, Michael Maas p.287
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. p. 122. ISBN 9789231032110.
"The entry of the Kidarites into India may firmly be placed some time round about the end of rule of Candragupta II or beginning of the rule of Kumaragupta I (circa 410-420 a.d.)" in Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal; Kulashreshtha, Sarojini (1994). Kuṣāṇa Coins and History. D.K. Printworld. p. 122. ISBN 9788124600177.
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. p. 167. ISBN 9789231032110.
Agrawal, Ashvini (1989). Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 128. ISBN 9788120805927.
"Gadahara. The last branch, in course of time, yielded to Samudragupta, as is borne out by certain coins of this branch having the name Samudra. There is a good deal of similarity between the coins of the Gadaharas and the Kidara Kushanas." in Bajpai, K. D. (2004). Indian Numismatic Studies. Abhinav Publications. p. 112. ISBN 9788170170358.
A Comprehensive History of India. Orient Longmans. 1957. p. 253.
"The figures represented here, although given a Buddhist significance, are probably modelled on the Hephthalites or earlier Kidarites who had conquered India's northwest provinces" Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (1974). Hommage universel: actes du congrès de Shiraz 1971, et autres études rédigées à l'occasion du 2500e anniversaire de la fondation de l'empire perse. Bibliothèque Pahlavi. ISBN 9789004039025.
Brancaccio, Pia (2010). The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion. BRILL. ISBN 9789004185258.
Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D by Kailash Chand Jain p.242
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. pp. 123–126. ISBN 9789231032110.
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. p. 141. ISBN 9789231032110.
Longman History & Civics ICSE 9 by Singh p.81
Bakker, Hans (21 January 2021). Masters of the Steppe: The Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia: Proceedings of a conference held at the British Museum, 27-29 October 2017. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-78969-648-6.
Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017b). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
Zeimal 1996, p. 130. Zeimal, E. V. (1996). "The Kidarite kingdom in Central Asia". History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III: The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 119–135. ISBN 92-3-103211-9.
Rezakhani 2017, pp. 102, 121. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. ISBN 9781474400305.
Rezakhani 2017, pp. 102, 121, 127. Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. ISBN 9781474400305.
Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. p. 18. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.
Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.
Sims, Vice-President Eleanor G.; Sims, Eleanor; Marshak, Boris Ilʹich; Grube, Ernst J.; I, Boris Marshak (January 2002). Peerless Images: Persian Painting and Its Sources. Yale University Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-300-09038-3.
Lang, David Marshall (1976). The Bulgarians: From Pagan Times to the Ottoman Conquest. Westview Press. pp. 31 and 204. ISBN 9780891585305. Armenian geographer states that the principal tribes of Bulgars were called Kuphi-Bulgars, Duchi-Bulgars, Oghkhundur-Bulgars, and Kidar-Bulgars, by the last-named of which he meant the Kidarites, a branch of the Huns.
Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017b). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4744-0031-2. Apart from Gandhara, however, a Kidarite kingdom may have survived in Sogdiana, possibly in the area of Ustrushana.
Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017b). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-4744-0031-2. However, we should not assume that the Kidarite presence in eastern Sogdiana disappeared quickly after their demise in Tokharistan. Indeed, centuries later, in the early ninth century, the local king of Ustrushana and the Abbasid general Al-Afshin bore the personal name of Khydhar...
Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017b). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4744-0031-2.

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,421^st place; English: 1,087^th place)

British Museum notice

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Potts 2018, pp. 291, 294. Potts, Daniel T. (2018). "Sasanian Iran and its northeastern frontier". In Mass, Michael; Di Cosmo, Nicola (eds.). Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–538. ISBN 9781316146040.

cngcoins.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

A similar coin with reading of the legend

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Mantellini, Simone (2012). "Change and Continuity in the Samarkand Oasis: Evidence for the Islamic Conquest from the Citadel of Kafir Kala". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 7: 227–253. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.4.2017012. hdl:11585/572547.
Cambon, Pierre (1996). "Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtāvā, Karratcha". Arts Asiatiques. 51: 20. doi:10.3406/arasi.1996.1383.
Cambon, Pierre (1996). "Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtāvā, Karratcha". Arts Asiatiques. 51: 20. doi:10.3406/arasi.1996.1383.
Cambon, Pierre (1996). "Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtāvā, Karratcha". Arts Asiatiques. 51: 20. doi:10.3406/arasi.1996.1383.
Payne 2016, p. 18. Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41. doi:10.1353/jla.2016.0011. S2CID 156673274.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Mantellini, Simone (2012). "Change and Continuity in the Samarkand Oasis: Evidence for the Islamic Conquest from the Citadel of Kafir Kala". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 7: 227–253. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.4.2017012. hdl:11585/572547.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

Encyclopaedia Iranica, article Kidarites: "On Gandhāran coins bearing their name the ruler is always clean-shaven, a fashion more typical of Altaic people than of Iranians" in "KIDARITES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org.
Daryaee 2009. Daryaee, Touraj (2009). "Šāpur II". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

DE LA VAISSIÈRE, ÉTIENNE (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 124. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
Cunningham, A. (1889). "Coins of the Tochari, Kushâns, or Yue-Ti". The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society. 9: 268–311. JSTOR 42680025.
Samolin, William (1956). "A Note on Kidara and the Kidarites". Central Asiatic Journal. 2 (4): 295–297. JSTOR 41926398. The Yueh-chih origin of Kidara is clearly established...
ALRAM, MICHAEL (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 270. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
Alram 2014, p. 272. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. JSTOR 44710198. (registration required)
Alram 2014, p. 271. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. JSTOR 44710198. (registration required)
Alram 2014, pp. 274–275. Alram, Michael (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 261–291. JSTOR 44710198. (registration required)

persee.fr (Global: 310^th place; English: 770^th place)

Cambon, Pierre (1996). "Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtāvā, Karratcha". Arts Asiatiques. 51: 20. doi:10.3406/arasi.1996.1383.
Cambon, Pierre (1996). "Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtāvā, Karratcha". Arts Asiatiques. 51: 20. doi:10.3406/arasi.1996.1383.
Cambon, Pierre (1996). "Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtāvā, Karratcha". Arts Asiatiques. 51: 20. doi:10.3406/arasi.1996.1383.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Mantellini, Simone (2012). "Change and Continuity in the Samarkand Oasis: Evidence for the Islamic Conquest from the Citadel of Kafir Kala". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. 7: 227–253. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.4.2017012. hdl:11585/572547.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Payne 2016, p. 18. Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41. doi:10.1353/jla.2016.0011. S2CID 156673274.

tertullian.org (Global: 5,705^th place; English: 4,719^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

dsal.uchicago.edu

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 25, 145. ISBN 0226742210. Archived from the original on 7 February 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2022.

uib.no (Global: 3,363^rd place; English: 3,567^th place)

"Administration, law and urban organization in the Late Antique and Early Medieval period". Universitetet i Bergen (in Norwegian Bokmål). Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.

univie.ac.at (Global: 2,083^rd place; English: 2,828^th place)

pro.geo.univie.ac.at

"The Kidarites in Bactria". pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.

wdl.org (Global: 2,285^th place; English: 2,467^th place)

"Antiquities of Samarkand. Kurgan in the Vicinity of Samarkand. Location of Kafir Kala". wdl.org. 1868.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 25, 145. ISBN 0226742210. Archived from the original on 7 February 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
"Administration, law and urban organization in the Late Antique and Early Medieval period". Universitetet i Bergen (in Norwegian Bokmål). Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
"The Kidarites in Bactria". pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

DE LA VAISSIÈRE, ÉTIENNE (2003). "Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 124. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049310.
ALRAM, MICHAEL (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". The Numismatic Chronicle. 174: 270. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.

Kidarites (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,421st place; English: 1,087th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

cngcoins.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320th place; English: 308th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

persee.fr (Global: 310th place; English: 770th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)