Kilwa Sultanate (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Kilwa Sultanate" in English language version.

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Theal (1902). But according to the chronicle cited in Strong (1895), there were six sons, and all six plus their father fled the kingdom in different directions, after the father distilled a poor omen from a dream. Theal, George McCall (1902). The Beginning of South African History. London: T. F. Unwin. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.
Kevin Shillington (1995). History of Africa. St. Martin's press. pp. 126. ISBN 978-0312125981.
Kevin Shillington (1995). History of Africa. St. Martin's press. pp. 128. ISBN 978-0312125981.
Theal (1902), p. 110. Theal, George McCall (1902). The Beginning of South African History. London: T. F. Unwin.

books.google.com

The Zanzibar chronicle is translated in Strong (1895). Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.
Strong (1895), p. 399. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.
Theal (1902). But according to the chronicle cited in Strong (1895), there were six sons, and all six plus their father fled the kingdom in different directions, after the father distilled a poor omen from a dream. Theal, George McCall (1902). The Beginning of South African History. London: T. F. Unwin. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.
João de Barros (1552) Decadas da Asia (Decade I, Volume 8, Ch. 6). An English translation of Barros can be found in Theal (1900: p.239)
Dates utilize the list compiled in Bosworth (1996, p. 132). Bosworth's dates are often inconsistent with Barros (1552), whose own dating is recorded below in the "ruled x years" format. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7. João de Barros (1552–1559). Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente. esp. Dec. I, Lib. 8, Cap. 6 (p. 225ff).
Strong (1895), p. 388. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.
Unclear dates given by Bosworth (1996, p. 132), who gives simply the range 999–1003 as possible ascension date for Dawud ibn Ali, gives a wide-open ascension date for Ali ibn Dawud (btw 1042–1111); Bosworth also omits Khalid ibn Bakr and Ali ibn Dawud II in his list. Following Barros (1552, pp. 227–28) more precise dating, assuming 996 to be correct for Ali ibn Bashat, then the dates of his successors are 1001 (Dawud ibn Ali), 1005 (Khalid ibn Bakr), 1007 (al-Hassan ibn Suleiman), 1023 (Ali ibn Dawud I), 1083 (Ali ibn Dawud II), 1089 (al-Hassan ibn Dawud), 1113 (Suleiman) after which Barros becomes unclear again. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7. João de Barros (1552–1559). Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente. esp. Dec. I, Lib. 8, Cap. 6 (p. 225ff).
Dating unclear. Not being Shirazi, Khalid ibn Bakr is not in Bosworth (1996) list. But he is given in Strong (1895, p. 389) and Barros (1552, p. 226). Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431. João de Barros (1552–1559). Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente. esp. Dec. I, Lib. 8, Cap. 6 (p. 225ff).
Strong (1895, p. 389) claims al-Hassan fled to Zanzibar following a second invasion by the Changa, who installed a usurping emir Muhammad ibn al-Hussein al-Mundhiri. But the usurper was quickly toppled in a popular rising, and the exiled sultan al-Hassan was restored. Dates are problematic. Barros (1552, p. 226) claims al-Hassan ruled sixteen years and was succeeded by his nephew Ali ibn Dawud, who ruled sixty. But Bosworth (1996) identifies Ali as only ascending around 1042, leaving the intervening gap unaccounted for. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431. João de Barros (1552–1559). Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente. esp. Dec. I, Lib. 8, Cap. 6 (p. 225ff). Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
Given 1089 by Barros's calculation, but 1106 in Bosworth (1996) Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
Given 1113 by Barros's calculation, but 1129 in Bosworth (1996) Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
Strong (1895, p. 390) claims Dawud ruled for only a few days and was deposed by his uncle. Probably confusing this with his son, Suleiman. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.
Strong (1895, p. 390) cites Talut ibn Dawud as Talut ibn Hussein, suggesting he was a son rather than nephew of previous. Also says he died while on pilgrimage to Mecca, and was succeeded by either his son or brother. Strong, S. Arthur (January 1895). "The History of Kilwa, edited from an Arabic MS". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: 385–431.

doi.org

Brielle, Esther S.; Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Sirak, Kendra; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kim; Curtis, Elizabeth; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann Marie; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Qiu, Lijun; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, J. Noah; Zalzala, Fatma; Ayodo, George (March 2023). "Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast". Nature. 615 (7954): 866–873. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..866B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10060156. PMID 36991187.

fsu.edu

library.law.fsu.edu

"library.law.fsu.edu" (PDF). International Boundary Study No. 112 - August 13, 1971 Malawi – Mozambique Boundary. 5 May 2024.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Brielle, Esther S.; Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Sirak, Kendra; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kim; Curtis, Elizabeth; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann Marie; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Qiu, Lijun; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, J. Noah; Zalzala, Fatma; Ayodo, George (March 2023). "Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast". Nature. 615 (7954): 866–873. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..866B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10060156. PMID 36991187.

ma.as

Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences. "Coin, Kilwa Sultanate (East Africa), Falus, copper alloy, Sulaiman ibn al-Hasan (c. AD 1294-1308)". Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, Australia. Retrieved 4 September 2020.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Brielle, Esther S.; Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Sirak, Kendra; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kim; Curtis, Elizabeth; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann Marie; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Qiu, Lijun; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, J. Noah; Zalzala, Fatma; Ayodo, George (March 2023). "Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast". Nature. 615 (7954): 866–873. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..866B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10060156. PMID 36991187.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Brielle, Esther S.; Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Sirak, Kendra; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kim; Curtis, Elizabeth; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann Marie; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Qiu, Lijun; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, J. Noah; Zalzala, Fatma; Ayodo, George (March 2023). "Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast". Nature. 615 (7954): 866–873. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..866B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10060156. PMID 36991187.

pastmasters.net

McIntosh, Ian S. (2012). "Life and Death on the Wessel Islands: The Case of Australia's Mysterious African Coin Cache" (PDF). Australian Folklore. 27: 9–26.

reuters.com

Dunham, Will (29 March 2023). "Genetic study details complex ancestry of East Africa's Swahili people". Reuters. Retrieved 15 December 2023.

theconversation.com

Kusimba, Chapurukha; Reich, David (29 March 2023). "Ancient DNA is restoring the origin story of the Swahili people of the East African coast". The Conversation. Retrieved 31 March 2023.

theguardian.com

Stevenson, Kylie (11 May 2019). "'It could change everything': coin found off northern Australia may be from pre-1400 Africa". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 May 2019.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Brielle, Esther S.; Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Sirak, Kendra; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kim; Curtis, Elizabeth; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann Marie; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Qiu, Lijun; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, J. Noah; Zalzala, Fatma; Ayodo, George (March 2023). "Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast". Nature. 615 (7954): 866–873. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..866B. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10060156. PMID 36991187.
Stevenson, Kylie (11 May 2019). "'It could change everything': coin found off northern Australia may be from pre-1400 Africa". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 May 2019.