Kingdom of Aksum (English Wikipedia)

Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991). Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity (PDF). Edinburgh: University Press. p. 57. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.

eduplace.com

"Daily Life in Aksum" (PDF). www.hmhco.com/ (formerly eduplace.com). Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times. Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2020.

fordham.edu

sourcebooks.fordham.edu

"The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century". Fordham University Internet History Sourcebooks, chapters 4 and 5.

goblues.org

"GoBlues - Asheville School" (PDF). 16 May 2023.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

"The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes". Nature. 84 (2127): 133–134. August 1910. Bibcode:1910Natur..84..133.. doi:10.1038/084133a0. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t07w6zm1b. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3942233.

harvard.edu

chs.harvard.edu

"Snowden Lectures: Stanley Burstein, When Greek was an African Language". The Center for Hellenic Studies. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2022.

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

"The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes". Nature. 84 (2127): 133–134. August 1910. Bibcode:1910Natur..84..133.. doi:10.1038/084133a0. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t07w6zm1b. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3942233.

historycooperative.org

The effect of the Indian Ocean trading system on the rise of Aksum is described in State Formation in Ancient Northeast Africa and the Indian Ocean Trade Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, by Stanley M. Burstein.

jmeca.org.uk

Wybrew, Hugh. "A History of Christianity in the Middle East & North Africa". Jerusalem & Middle East Church Association. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

jstor.org

Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation". American Antiquity. 46 (3). Cambridge University Press: 471–495. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800.
Butzer, Karl W. (July 1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation". American Antiquity. 46 (3): 471–495. doi:10.2307/280596. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800.
Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation" (PDF). American Antiquity. 46 (3): 471–495. doi:10.2307/280596. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800 – via University of Texas at Austin.

persee.fr

Hahn, Wolfgang (2000). "Askumite Numismatics - A critical survey of recent Research". Revue Numismatique. 6 (155): 281–311. doi:10.3406/numi.2000.2289. Retrieved 9 September 2021.

peterturchin.com

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2023.

ruperthopkins.com

Kingdom of Axum Archived 2020-09-25 at the Wayback Machine

rutgers.edu

hornofafrica.newark.rutgers.edu

Bekerie, Ayele. "The Rise of the Askum Obelisk is the Rise of Ethiopian History" (PDF). Newark, USA: Rutgers University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation". American Antiquity. 46 (3). Cambridge University Press: 471–495. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800.
"The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes". Nature. 84 (2127): 133–134. August 1910. Bibcode:1910Natur..84..133.. doi:10.1038/084133a0. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t07w6zm1b. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3942233.
Butzer, Karl W. (July 1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation". American Antiquity. 46 (3): 471–495. doi:10.2307/280596. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800.
Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation" (PDF). American Antiquity. 46 (3): 471–495. doi:10.2307/280596. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800 – via University of Texas at Austin.

ufl.edu

users.clas.ufl.edu

Archived copy ufl.edu Archived 2018-03-29 at the Wayback Machine

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

The Cultural Heritage of Aksum., UNESCO Archived 2023-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
"Aksum".

utexas.edu

sites.utexas.edu

Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation" (PDF). American Antiquity. 46 (3): 471–495. doi:10.2307/280596. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800 – via University of Texas at Austin.

web.archive.org

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
The Cultural Heritage of Aksum., UNESCO Archived 2023-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991). Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity (PDF). Edinburgh: University Press. p. 57. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
Pankhurst, Richard K. P. (17 January 2003). "Let's Look Across the Red Sea I". Addis Tribune. Archived from the original on 9 January 2006. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
Archived copy ufl.edu Archived 2018-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
The British Museum; The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum: Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.
"Daily Life in Aksum" (PDF). www.hmhco.com/ (formerly eduplace.com). Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times. Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2020.
Bekerie, Ayele. "The Rise of the Askum Obelisk is the Rise of Ethiopian History" (PDF). Newark, USA: Rutgers University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Kingdom of Axum Archived 2020-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
Záhoří, Jan (February 2014). "Review: Phillipson, (2012). Foundations of an African civilization: Aksum & the Northern Horn, 1000 BC - AD 1300" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
Wybrew, Hugh. "A History of Christianity in the Middle East & North Africa". Jerusalem & Middle East Church Association. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
The effect of the Indian Ocean trading system on the rise of Aksum is described in State Formation in Ancient Northeast Africa and the Indian Ocean Trade Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, by Stanley M. Burstein.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. ISSN 1076-156X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
"The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes". Nature. 84 (2127): 133–134. August 1910. Bibcode:1910Natur..84..133.. doi:10.1038/084133a0. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t07w6zm1b. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3942233.
Butzer, Karl W. (July 1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation". American Antiquity. 46 (3): 471–495. doi:10.2307/280596. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 280596. S2CID 162374800.

zcu.cz

otik.uk.zcu.cz

Záhoří, Jan (February 2014). "Review: Phillipson, (2012). Foundations of an African civilization: Aksum & the Northern Horn, 1000 BC - AD 1300" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.