Kingdom of Mapungubwe (English Wikipedia)

Wingfield, Chris; Giblin, John; King, Rachel, eds. (2020). The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. ISBN 978-1-913344-01-6.
Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David; Sadr, Karim; Smith, Jeanette (2015). Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State. Real African Publishers Pty. ISBN 978-1-920655-06-8.
Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State. Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. ISBN 978-1-920655-06-8.

doi.org

Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation. Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp. 123–134. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11. ISBN 978-3-031-07818-7.
Mathebula, Mantha (2017). "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD". New Contree. 78 (78): 16. doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102.
Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111224. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1224C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4215987. PMID 25360782.
Calabrese, John A. (1 December 2000). "Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200". African Archaeological Review. 17 (4): 183–210. doi:10.1023/A:1006796925891. ISSN 1572-9842.
Steyn, Maryana (1997). "A Reassessment of the Human Skeletons from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa)". South African Archaeological Bulletin. 52 (165): 14–20. doi:10.2307/3888972. JSTOR 3888972. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Sebola, M. Piet (2017). "The Mapungubwe Story and Land Claims: The Battle for the Soul of the Dead, Greed, and Deception". Anthropos. 112 (2): 596–601. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-596. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791395.
Rightmire, Phillip (1970). "Iron age skulls from Southern Africa re-assessed by multiple discriminant analysis". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 33 (2): 147–167. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330330203. PMID 5473084.
Brothwell, Don R. (1963). "Evidence of Early Population Change in Central and Southern Africa: Doubts and Problems". Man. 63 (132): 101–104. doi:10.2307/2796896. JSTOR 2796896. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Tobias, Phillip V. (1985). "History of Physical Anthropology in Southern Africa". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 28 (S6): 1–52. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330280503.
Franklin, Daniel; Freedman, Leonard; Milne; Oxnard (2006). "Geometric morphometric study of population variation in indigenous southern African crania". American Journal of Human Biology. 19 (1): 20–33. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20569. PMID 17160981. S2CID 27439270. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Rightmire, Phillip (1976). "Two Burials from Phalaborwa and the Association of Race and Culture in the Iron Age of Southern Africa". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 31 (123): 147–152. doi:10.2307/3887736. JSTOR 3887736. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Schuster, Stephan; Miller, Webb (2010). "Complete Khoisan and Bantu genomes from southern Africa". Nature. 463 (7283): 943–947. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..943S. doi:10.1038/nature08795. PMC 3890430. PMID 20164927. S2CID 2566995.
Sengupta, Dhriti; Choudhury, Ananyo (2021). "Genetic substructure and complex demographic history of South African Bantu speakers". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 2080. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.2080S. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22207-y. PMC 8027885. PMID 33828095.
Pickrell, Joseph K.; "Patterson, Nick (2012). "The genetic prehistory of southern Africa". Nature Communications. 3: 1143. arXiv:1207.5552. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3.1143P. doi:10.1038/ncomms2140. PMC 3493647. PMID 23072811.
Vincente, Mario; Jakobsson, Mattias (2019). "Genetic Affinities among Southern Africa Hunter-Gatherers and the Impact of Admixing Farmer and Herder Populations". Mol Biol Evol. 36 (9): 1849–1861. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz089. PMC 6735883. PMID 31288264.
Sebola, M. Piet (2017). "The Mapungubwe Story and Land Claims: The Battle for the Soul of the Dead, Greed, and Deception". Anthropos. 112 (2): 596–601. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-596. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791395.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111224. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1224C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4215987. PMID 25360782.
Schuster, Stephan; Miller, Webb (2010). "Complete Khoisan and Bantu genomes from southern Africa". Nature. 463 (7283): 943–947. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..943S. doi:10.1038/nature08795. PMC 3890430. PMID 20164927. S2CID 2566995.
Sengupta, Dhriti; Choudhury, Ananyo (2021). "Genetic substructure and complex demographic history of South African Bantu speakers". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 2080. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.2080S. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22207-y. PMC 8027885. PMID 33828095.
Pickrell, Joseph K.; "Patterson, Nick (2012). "The genetic prehistory of southern Africa". Nature Communications. 3: 1143. arXiv:1207.5552. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3.1143P. doi:10.1038/ncomms2140. PMC 3493647. PMID 23072811.

jstor.org

Steyn, Maryana (1997). "A Reassessment of the Human Skeletons from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa)". South African Archaeological Bulletin. 52 (165): 14–20. doi:10.2307/3888972. JSTOR 3888972. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Sebola, M. Piet (2017). "The Mapungubwe Story and Land Claims: The Battle for the Soul of the Dead, Greed, and Deception". Anthropos. 112 (2): 596–601. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-596. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791395.
Brothwell, Don R. (1963). "Evidence of Early Population Change in Central and Southern Africa: Doubts and Problems". Man. 63 (132): 101–104. doi:10.2307/2796896. JSTOR 2796896. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Rightmire, Phillip (1976). "Two Burials from Phalaborwa and the Association of Race and Culture in the Iron Age of Southern Africa". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 31 (123): 147–152. doi:10.2307/3887736. JSTOR 3887736. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Wintjes, Justine; Tiley-Nel, Sian (2019). "The Lottering Connection: Revisiting the 'Discovery' of Mapungubwe". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 74 (210): 101–110. ISSN 0038-1969. JSTOR 26842004.
Sebola, M. Piet (2017). "The Mapungubwe Story and Land Claims: The Battle for the Soul of the Dead, Greed, and Deception". Anthropos. 112 (2): 596–601. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-596. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791395.

limpopo.gov.za

policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za

Tlou, Setumu (2012). The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa (Report). Limpopo Provincial Government.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111224. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1224C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4215987. PMID 25360782.
Henneberg, Maciej; Steyn, Maryana (1994). "Preliminary Report on the Paleodemography of the K2 and Mapungubwe Populations (South Africa)". Human Biology. 66 (1): 105–120. PMID 8157260.
Rightmire, Phillip (1970). "Iron age skulls from Southern Africa re-assessed by multiple discriminant analysis". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 33 (2): 147–167. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330330203. PMID 5473084.
Franklin, Daniel; Freedman, Leonard; Milne; Oxnard (2006). "Geometric morphometric study of population variation in indigenous southern African crania". American Journal of Human Biology. 19 (1): 20–33. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20569. PMID 17160981. S2CID 27439270. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Schuster, Stephan; Miller, Webb (2010). "Complete Khoisan and Bantu genomes from southern Africa". Nature. 463 (7283): 943–947. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..943S. doi:10.1038/nature08795. PMC 3890430. PMID 20164927. S2CID 2566995.
Sengupta, Dhriti; Choudhury, Ananyo (2021). "Genetic substructure and complex demographic history of South African Bantu speakers". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 2080. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.2080S. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22207-y. PMC 8027885. PMID 33828095.
Pickrell, Joseph K.; "Patterson, Nick (2012). "The genetic prehistory of southern Africa". Nature Communications. 3: 1143. arXiv:1207.5552. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3.1143P. doi:10.1038/ncomms2140. PMC 3493647. PMID 23072811.
Vincente, Mario; Jakobsson, Mattias (2019). "Genetic Affinities among Southern Africa Hunter-Gatherers and the Impact of Admixing Farmer and Herder Populations". Mol Biol Evol. 36 (9): 1849–1861. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz089. PMC 6735883. PMID 31288264.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111224. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1224C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4215987. PMID 25360782.
Schuster, Stephan; Miller, Webb (2010). "Complete Khoisan and Bantu genomes from southern Africa". Nature. 463 (7283): 943–947. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..943S. doi:10.1038/nature08795. PMC 3890430. PMID 20164927. S2CID 2566995.
Sengupta, Dhriti; Choudhury, Ananyo (2021). "Genetic substructure and complex demographic history of South African Bantu speakers". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 2080. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.2080S. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22207-y. PMC 8027885. PMID 33828095.
Pickrell, Joseph K.; "Patterson, Nick (2012). "The genetic prehistory of southern Africa". Nature Communications. 3: 1143. arXiv:1207.5552. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3.1143P. doi:10.1038/ncomms2140. PMC 3493647. PMID 23072811.
Vincente, Mario; Jakobsson, Mattias (2019). "Genetic Affinities among Southern Africa Hunter-Gatherers and the Impact of Admixing Farmer and Herder Populations". Mol Biol Evol. 36 (9): 1849–1861. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz089. PMC 6735883. PMID 31288264.

nwu.ac.za

repository.nwu.ac.za

Mathebula, Mantha (2017). "Some notes on the early history of the Tembe, 1280 AD-1800 AD". New Contree. 78 (78): 16. doi:10.4102/nc.v78i0.102.

sahistory.org.za

"The Reburial of Mapungubwe Human Remains | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 16 November 2024.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Franklin, Daniel; Freedman, Leonard; Milne; Oxnard (2006). "Geometric morphometric study of population variation in indigenous southern African crania". American Journal of Human Biology. 19 (1): 20–33. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20569. PMID 17160981. S2CID 27439270. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
Schuster, Stephan; Miller, Webb (2010). "Complete Khoisan and Bantu genomes from southern Africa". Nature. 463 (7283): 943–947. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..943S. doi:10.1038/nature08795. PMC 3890430. PMID 20164927. S2CID 2566995.

southafrica.co.za

"Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa". southafrica.co.za. Retrieved 8 November 2024.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Shabalala, Lombuso (2022). Perspective of Mapungubwe Descendants' Traditional Leaders Concerning Their Traditional Values and Cultural Heritage Preservation. Cultural Sustainable Tourism. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. pp. 123–134. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07819-4_11. ISBN 978-3-031-07818-7.
Calabrese, John A. (1 December 2000). "Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200". African Archaeological Review. 17 (4): 183–210. doi:10.1023/A:1006796925891. ISSN 1572-9842.

tfcaportal.org

"Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area | SADC TFCA Intranet". tfcaportal.org. Retrieved 16 November 2024.

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

"Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 13 June 2023.

web.archive.org

"Origin of Species and Evolution, Wits University Showcase" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2010.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Franklin, Daniel; Freedman, Leonard; Milne; Oxnard (2006). "Geometric morphometric study of population variation in indigenous southern African crania". American Journal of Human Biology. 19 (1): 20–33. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20569. PMID 17160981. S2CID 27439270. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

wits.ac.za

web.wits.ac.za

"Origin of Species and Evolution, Wits University Showcase" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2010.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Chirikure, Shadreck; Manyanga, Munyaradzi; Pollard, A. Mark; Bandama, Foreman; Mahachi, Godfrey; Pikirayi, Innocent (31 October 2014). "Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111224. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1224C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111224. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4215987. PMID 25360782.
Calabrese, John A. (1 December 2000). "Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200". African Archaeological Review. 17 (4): 183–210. doi:10.1023/A:1006796925891. ISSN 1572-9842.
Sebola, M. Piet (2017). "The Mapungubwe Story and Land Claims: The Battle for the Soul of the Dead, Greed, and Deception". Anthropos. 112 (2): 596–601. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-596. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791395.
Wintjes, Justine; Tiley-Nel, Sian (2019). "The Lottering Connection: Revisiting the 'Discovery' of Mapungubwe". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 74 (210): 101–110. ISSN 0038-1969. JSTOR 26842004.
Sebola, M. Piet (2017). "The Mapungubwe Story and Land Claims: The Battle for the Soul of the Dead, Greed, and Deception". Anthropos. 112 (2): 596–601. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2017-2-596. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 44791395.