Kinshasa (English Wikipedia)

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"Provincial Health Division of Kinshasa" Archived 14 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine African Development Information Services

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Karuri, Ken (22 June 2016). "Luanda, Kinshasa ranked among world's most expensive cities for expats". Africanews. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

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"Congo-Kinshasa: Les industries manufacturières affichent une bonne croissance". AllAfrica (in French). 13 September 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2023.

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"UN troops open fire in Kinshasa Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine", BBC, 3 June 2004.
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bbc.com

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Cécile B. Vigouroux & Salikoko S. Mufwene (2008). Globalization and Language Vitality: Perspectives from Africa, pp. 103 & 109. A&C Black. ISBN 9780826495150. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
Huband, Mark (20 May 2019). The Skull Beneath The Skin: Africa After The Cold War. Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom: Routledge. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-429-96439-8. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
Academie, Jan Van Eyck (12 June 2006). Brakin: Brazzaville-Kinshasa : Visualizing the Visible. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Müller Publishers. ISBN 978-3-03778-076-3. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
Zimi, Gutu Kia (10 January 2021). Growing Trees in Urban Kinshasa: Shrub Vegetation in Residential Plots in Kinshasa. Bloomington, Indiana, United States. ISBN 978-1-6655-1262-6. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Ness, Immanuel (19 September 2017). Encyclopedia of World Cities. Thames, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317471585. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
Boya, Loso Kiteti (2010). D.R. Congo. Bloomington, Indiana, United States. p. 175. ISBN 9781450082495. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Moulin, Léon de Saint (1971). Les anciens villages des environs de Kinshasa (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Université Lovanium.
PhD, Gutu Kia Zimi (10 January 2021). Growing Trees in Urban Kinshasa: Shrub Vegetation in Residential Plots in Kinshasa. Bloomington, Indiana, United States: AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-6655-1262-6.
Iyenda, Guillaume (2007). Households' Livelihoods and Survival Strategies Among Congolese Urban Poor: Alternatives to Western Approaches to Development. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7734-5269-5.
Redwood, Mark, ed. (16 May 2012). Agriculture in Urban Planning: Generating Livelihoods and Food Security. Thames, Oxfordshire United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-136-57205-0.
Congo Republic Energy Policy, Laws and Regulations Handbook - Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Miami, Florida, United States: Global Pro Info USA. 22 November 2017. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-5145-1238-8.
Monographie de la province du Maniema (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: République démocratique du Congo, Ministères de l'agriculture et de l'élevage. 1998. p. 9.
Innocent Chirisa, Abraham Rajab Matamanda, & Liaison Mukarwi, "Desired and Achieved Urbanisation in Africa: In Search of Appropriate Tooling for a Sustainable Transformation”; in Umar Benna & Indo Benna, eds., Urbanization and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Growth in Developing Regions; IGI Global, 2017, ISBN 9781522526605; pp. 101–102.
Trefon, Theodore (2004). Reinventing Order in the Congo: How People Respond to State Failure in Kinshasa. London and New York: Zed Books. p. 7. ISBN 9781842774915. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2009. A third factor is simply a demographic one. At least one in ten Congolese live in Kinshasa. With its population exceeding eleven million, it is the second-largest city in sub-Saharan Africa (after Lagos). It is also the second-largest French-speaking city in the world, according to Paris (even though only a small percentage of Kinois speak French correctly),
Manning, Patrick (1998). Francophone sub-Saharan Africa: Democracy and Dependence, 1985–1995. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 189. ISBN 9780521645195. Retrieved 31 May 2009.^{[permanent dead link]} While the culture is dominated by the Francophonie, a complex multilingualism is present in Kinshasa. Many in the francophonie of the 1980s labelled Zaïre as the second-largest francophone country, and Kinshasa as the second-largest francophone city. Yet Zaïre seemed unlikely to escape a complex multilingualism. Lingala was the language of music, of presidential addresses, of daily life in government and in Kinshasa. But if Lingala was the spoken language of Kinshasa, it made little progress as a written language. French was the written language of the city, as seen in street signs, posters, newspapers and in government documents. French dominated plays and television as well as the press; French was the language of the national anthem and even for the doctrine of authenticity. Zairian researchers found French to be used in vertical relationships among people of uneven rank; people of equal rank, no matter how high, tended to speak Zairian languages among themselves. Given these limits, French might have lost its place to another of the leading languages of Zaïre – Lingala, Tshiluba, or Swahili – except that teaching of these languages also suffered from limitations on its growth.
Terry M. Mays, Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping, Third Edition; Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2011; p. 330.
Emizet Francois Kisangani, Scott F. Bobb, "China, People's Republic of, Relations with"; Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2010; pp. 74 Archived 1 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine–75.
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O. Oko Elechi and Angela R. Morris, “Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Congo-Kinshasa)”; in Mahesh K. Nalla & Graeme R. Newman (eds.), Crime and Punishment around the World, Volume 1: Africa and the Middle East; Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2010; pp. 53–56.
Erenberg, Lewis A. (22 May 2019). The Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammad Ali and George Foreman on the Global Stage. Chicago, United States: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226059570. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
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britannica.com

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brooklynstreetart.com

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cairn.info

Tuema, Jacques Kiambu Di (5 December 2009). "Déréglementation des services de télécommunications en République Démocratique du Congo et inégale répartition des ressources". Revue d'Économie Régionale & Urbaine (in French) (2009/5): 975–994. doi:10.3917/reru.095.0975. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
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cefacongo.org

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ceni.cd

Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante. "La Cartographie Electorale des 26 Provinces—Kinshasa". www.ceni.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2020.

citiesofmusic.net

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cnn.com

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congocheck.net

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Matthieu Kayembe Wa Kayembe, Mathieu De Maeyer et Eléonore Wolff, "Cartographie de la croissance urbaine de Kinshasa (R.D. Congo) entre 1995 et 2005 par télédétection satellitaire à haute résolution Archived 17 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine", Belgeo 3–4, 2009 ; doi:10.4000/belgeo.7349.
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Kitambo, Benjamin; Papa, Fabrice; Paris, Adrien; Tshimanga, Raphael M.; Calmant, Stephane; Fleischmann, Ayan Santos; Frappart, Frederic; Becker, Melanie; Tourian, Mohammad J.; Prigent, Catherine; Andriambeloson, Johary (12 April 2022). "A combined use of in situ and satellite-derived observations to characterize surface hydrology and its variability in the Congo River basin". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 26 (7): 1857–1882. Bibcode:2022HESS...26.1857K. doi:10.5194/hess-26-1857-2022. ISSN 1027-5606.
Michael, Mukendi Tshibangu; Henri, Mbale Kunzi; Meti, Ntumba Jean; Felicien, Lukoki Luyeye (15 May 2020). "Floristic Inventory of Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants Found in Malebo Pool in Congo Rivers, Kinshasa, DR. Congo (Case of MOLONDO, MIPONGO, and JAPON Islands)". Global Journal of Science Frontier Research. 20 (C6): 31–44. ISSN 2249-4626.
Yocum, Thomas (15 October 2014). "Forty years on from the Rumble in the Jungle, Kinshasa is a city of chaos". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
Catsoulis, Jeannette (9 June 2011). "'Viva Riva!'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
Bradshaw, Peter (9 November 2017). "Félicité review – gritty story of Kinshasa bar singer". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
Mujula, Fiston Mwanza (7 January 2016). "Tram 83, the Congolese novel that's wowing the literary world – extract". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
Bromwich, Kathryn (25 March 2023). "Rubbish fashion: street art costumes of Kinshasa – in pictures". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
Trebay, Guy (27 April 2016). "Papa Wemba's Influential, Cross-Cultural Chic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.

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