Koch snowflake (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Koch snowflake" in English language version.

Last modified: 23:55:31, 23 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

1111doi.org

2^nd place

55worldcat.org

4^th place

41bcu-iasi.ro

low place

41zbmath.org

2,089^th place

1,141^st place

33semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

22wolfram.com

1,091^st place

1,169^th place

22ieee.org

912^th place

722^nd place

11projecteuclid.org

4,781^st place

3,117^th place

11tandfonline.com

286^th place

209^th place

11usyd.edu.au

6,698^th place

4,285^th place

11adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

11nih.gov

5^th place

11agnesscott.edu

low place

11ulster.ac.uk

8,161^st place

4,687^th place

11jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

11msu.edu

1,979^th place

1,265^th place

11uoc.gr

6,542^nd place

low place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

11kaust.edu.sa

low place

11wiley.com

150^th place

174^th place

11aip.org

2,273^rd place

1,697^th place

11georgiasouthern.edu

low place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Alonso-Marroquin, F.; Huang, P.; Hanaor, D.; Flores-Johnson, E.; Proust, G.; Gan, Y.; Shen, L. (2015). "Static friction between rigid fractal surfaces" (PDF). Physical Review E. 92 (3) 032405. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..92c2405A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032405. hdl:2123/13835. PMID 26465480. — Study of fractal surfaces using Koch curves.

agnesscott.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

ecademy.agnesscott.edu

"Koch Snowflake". ecademy.agnesscott.edu.

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; English: 1,697^th place)

pubs.aip.org

Li, Zhi-Han; Xie, Long-Xiang; Gao, Xinhua; Huang, Weichun; Xu, Youzhong; Yang, Jin; Lu, Ming-Hui; Zhong, Xu (2025-11-14). "Koch snowflake-inspired acoustic metasurface for broadband sound diffusion in automotive loudspeaker systems". Journal of Applied Physics. 138 (18). doi:10.1063/5.0277003. ISSN 0021-8979.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Demichel, Yann (2024-09-13). "Who Invented von Koch's Snowflake Curve?". The American Mathematical Monthly. 131 (8): 662–668. arXiv:2308.15093. doi:10.1080/00029890.2024.2363737. ISSN 0002-9890.
Marotta, P. (2026). "A Scaling-Parameter Framework for Perimeter and Area in Self-Similar Planar Fractals". Journal of High School Science: 281–283. arXiv:2605.19128. doi:10.64336/001c.162173. S2CID 288239512.

bcu-iasi.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

dspace.bcu-iasi.ro

von Koch, Helge (24 November 1904). "Sur une courbe continue sans tangente, obtenue par une construction géométrique élémentaire". Arkiv för matematik, astronomi och fysik (in French). 1: 681–702. JFM 35.0387.02. Retrieved 29 April 2026 – via Central University Library of Iași.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

von Koch, Helge (1906). "Une méthode géométrique élémentaire pour l'étude de certaines questions de la théorie des courbes planes". Acta Mathematica (in French). 30: 145–174. doi:10.1007/BF02418570. ISSN 0001-5962.
Demichel, Yann (2024-09-13). "Who Invented von Koch's Snowflake Curve?". The American Mathematical Monthly. 131 (8): 662–668. arXiv:2308.15093. doi:10.1080/00029890.2024.2363737. ISSN 0002-9890.
Alonso-Marroquin, F.; Huang, P.; Hanaor, D.; Flores-Johnson, E.; Proust, G.; Gan, Y.; Shen, L. (2015). "Static friction between rigid fractal surfaces" (PDF). Physical Review E. 92 (3) 032405. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..92c2405A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032405. hdl:2123/13835. PMID 26465480. — Study of fractal surfaces using Koch curves.
McCartney, Mark (2020-04-16). "The area, centroid and volume of revolution of the Koch curve". International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. 52 (5): 782–786. doi:10.1080/0020739X.2020.1747649. ISSN 0020-739X. S2CID 218810213.
Jia, Baoguo (1 June 2007). "Bounds of the Hausdorff measure of the Koch curve". Applied Mathematics and Computation. 190 (1): 559–565. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2007.01.046.
Burns, Aidan (1994). "Fractal tilings". Mathematical Gazette. 78 (482): 193–6. doi:10.2307/3618577. JSTOR 3618577. S2CID 126185324..
Marotta, P. (2026). "A Scaling-Parameter Framework for Perimeter and Area in Self-Similar Planar Fractals". Journal of High School Science: 281–283. arXiv:2605.19128. doi:10.64336/001c.162173. S2CID 288239512.
Choukiker, Yogesh Kumar; Behera, Santanu Kumar (2017). "Wideband frequency reconfigurable Koch snowflake fractal antenna". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. 11 (2): 203–208. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2016.0238. ISSN 1751-8725.
Saharsh, S. B.; Viswasom, Sanoj; Kumar, Santhosh K. (2020). Design and Analysis of Koch Snowflake Fractal Antenna Array. Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). pp. 194–197. doi:10.1109/I-SMAC49090.2020.9243518.
Palacios, Orlando F. G.; Diaz Vargas, Ricardo E.; Perez, Jorge A. H.; Erazo, Segundo B. C. (2016). S-band Koch snowflake fractal antenna for CubeSats. 2016 IEEE ANDESCON. Arequipa, Peru. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/ANDESCON.2016.7836227.
Li, Zhi-Han; Xie, Long-Xiang; Gao, Xinhua; Huang, Weichun; Xu, Youzhong; Yang, Jin; Lu, Ming-Hui; Zhong, Xu (2025-11-14). "Koch snowflake-inspired acoustic metasurface for broadband sound diffusion in automotive loudspeaker systems". Journal of Applied Physics. 138 (18). doi:10.1063/5.0277003. ISSN 0021-8979.

georgiasouthern.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu

Gomez, Anton (2017). Thermal Performance of a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger with a Koch Snowflake Fractal Design (Master’s thesis). Statesboro, GA, United States: Georgia Southern University. Retrieved 18 November 2025.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Alonso-Marroquin, F.; Huang, P.; Hanaor, D.; Flores-Johnson, E.; Proust, G.; Gan, Y.; Shen, L. (2015). "Static friction between rigid fractal surfaces" (PDF). Physical Review E. 92 (3) 032405. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..92c2405A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032405. hdl:2123/13835. PMID 26465480. — Study of fractal surfaces using Koch curves.

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Saharsh, S. B.; Viswasom, Sanoj; Kumar, Santhosh K. (2020). Design and Analysis of Koch Snowflake Fractal Antenna Array. Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). pp. 194–197. doi:10.1109/I-SMAC49090.2020.9243518.
Palacios, Orlando F. G.; Diaz Vargas, Ricardo E.; Perez, Jorge A. H.; Erazo, Segundo B. C. (2016). S-band Koch snowflake fractal antenna for CubeSats. 2016 IEEE ANDESCON. Arequipa, Peru. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/ANDESCON.2016.7836227.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Burns, Aidan (1994). "Fractal tilings". Mathematical Gazette. 78 (482): 193–6. doi:10.2307/3618577. JSTOR 3618577. S2CID 126185324..

kaust.edu.sa (Global: low place; English: low place)

Demonstrated by James McDonald in a public lecture at KAUST University on January 27, 2013. "KAUST | Academics | Winter Enrichment Program". Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2013-01-29. retrieved 29 January 2013.

msu.edu (Global: 1,979^th place; English: 1,265^th place)

archive.lib.msu.edu

Weisstein, Eric W. (1999). "Minkowski Sausage", archive.lib.msu.edu. Accessed: 21 September 2019.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Alonso-Marroquin, F.; Huang, P.; Hanaor, D.; Flores-Johnson, E.; Proust, G.; Gan, Y.; Shen, L. (2015). "Static friction between rigid fractal surfaces" (PDF). Physical Review E. 92 (3) 032405. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..92c2405A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032405. hdl:2123/13835. PMID 26465480. — Study of fractal surfaces using Koch curves.

projecteuclid.org (Global: 4,781^st place; English: 3,117^th place)

von Koch, Helge (1906). "Une méthode géométrique élémentaire pour l'étude de certaines questions de la théorie des courbes planes". Acta Mathematica (in French). 30: 145–174. doi:10.1007/BF02418570. ISSN 0001-5962.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

McCartney, Mark (2020-04-16). "The area, centroid and volume of revolution of the Koch curve". International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. 52 (5): 782–786. doi:10.1080/0020739X.2020.1747649. ISSN 0020-739X. S2CID 218810213.
Burns, Aidan (1994). "Fractal tilings". Mathematical Gazette. 78 (482): 193–6. doi:10.2307/3618577. JSTOR 3618577. S2CID 126185324..
Marotta, P. (2026). "A Scaling-Parameter Framework for Perimeter and Area in Self-Similar Planar Fractals". Journal of High School Science: 281–283. arXiv:2605.19128. doi:10.64336/001c.162173. S2CID 288239512.

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Demichel, Yann (2024-09-13). "Who Invented von Koch's Snowflake Curve?". The American Mathematical Monthly. 131 (8): 662–668. arXiv:2308.15093. doi:10.1080/00029890.2024.2363737. ISSN 0002-9890.

ulster.ac.uk (Global: 8,161^st place; English: 4,687^th place)

pure.ulster.ac.uk

McCartney, Mark (2020-04-16). "The area, centroid and volume of revolution of the Koch curve". International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. 52 (5): 782–786. doi:10.1080/0020739X.2020.1747649. ISSN 0020-739X. S2CID 218810213.

uoc.gr (Global: 6,542^nd place; English: low place)

users.math.uoc.gr

Pamfilos, Paris. "Minkowski Sausage", user.math.uoc.gr/~pamfilos/. Accessed: 21 September 2019.

usyd.edu.au (Global: 6,698^th place; English: 4,285^th place)

ses.library.usyd.edu.au

Alonso-Marroquin, F.; Huang, P.; Hanaor, D.; Flores-Johnson, E.; Proust, G.; Gan, Y.; Shen, L. (2015). "Static friction between rigid fractal surfaces" (PDF). Physical Review E. 92 (3) 032405. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..92c2405A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.032405. hdl:2123/13835. PMID 26465480. — Study of fractal surfaces using Koch curves.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Demonstrated by James McDonald in a public lecture at KAUST University on January 27, 2013. "KAUST | Academics | Winter Enrichment Program". Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2013-01-29. retrieved 29 January 2013.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Choukiker, Yogesh Kumar; Behera, Santanu Kumar (2017). "Wideband frequency reconfigurable Koch snowflake fractal antenna". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. 11 (2): 203–208. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2016.0238. ISSN 1751-8725.

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091^st place; English: 1,169^th place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

Weisstein, Eric W. "Minkowski Sausage". MathWorld. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1983). The Fractal Geometry of Nature, p.48. New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 9780716711865. Cited in Weisstein, Eric W. "Minkowski Sausage". MathWorld. Retrieved 22 September 2019..

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

von Koch, Helge (1906). "Une méthode géométrique élémentaire pour l'étude de certaines questions de la théorie des courbes planes". Acta Mathematica (in French). 30: 145–174. doi:10.1007/BF02418570. ISSN 0001-5962.
Demichel, Yann (2024-09-13). "Who Invented von Koch's Snowflake Curve?". The American Mathematical Monthly. 131 (8): 662–668. arXiv:2308.15093. doi:10.1080/00029890.2024.2363737. ISSN 0002-9890.
McCartney, Mark (2020-04-16). "The area, centroid and volume of revolution of the Koch curve". International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. 52 (5): 782–786. doi:10.1080/0020739X.2020.1747649. ISSN 0020-739X. S2CID 218810213.
Choukiker, Yogesh Kumar; Behera, Santanu Kumar (2017). "Wideband frequency reconfigurable Koch snowflake fractal antenna". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. 11 (2): 203–208. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2016.0238. ISSN 1751-8725.
Li, Zhi-Han; Xie, Long-Xiang; Gao, Xinhua; Huang, Weichun; Xu, Youzhong; Yang, Jin; Lu, Ming-Hui; Zhong, Xu (2025-11-14). "Koch snowflake-inspired acoustic metasurface for broadband sound diffusion in automotive loudspeaker systems". Journal of Applied Physics. 138 (18). doi:10.1063/5.0277003. ISSN 0021-8979.

zbmath.org (Global: 2,089^th place; English: 1,141^st place)

von Koch, Helge (24 November 1904). "Sur une courbe continue sans tangente, obtenue par une construction géométrique élémentaire". Arkiv för matematik, astronomi och fysik (in French). 1: 681–702. JFM 35.0387.02. Retrieved 29 April 2026 – via Central University Library of Iași.

Koch snowflake (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

agnesscott.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

ecademy.agnesscott.edu

aip.org (Global: 2,273rd place; English: 1,697th place)

pubs.aip.org

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

bcu-iasi.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

dspace.bcu-iasi.ro

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

georgiasouthern.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912th place; English: 722nd place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kaust.edu.sa (Global: low place; English: low place)

msu.edu (Global: 1,979th place; English: 1,265th place)

archive.lib.msu.edu

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

projecteuclid.org (Global: 4,781st place; English: 3,117th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

tandfonline.com (Global: 286th place; English: 209th place)

ulster.ac.uk (Global: 8,161st place; English: 4,687th place)

pure.ulster.ac.uk

uoc.gr (Global: 6,542nd place; English: low place)

users.math.uoc.gr

usyd.edu.au (Global: 6,698th place; English: 4,285th place)

ses.library.usyd.edu.au

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150th place; English: 174th place)

ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091st place; English: 1,169th place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zbmath.org (Global: 2,089th place; English: 1,141st place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; English: 1,697^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

msu.edu (Global: 1,979^th place; English: 1,265^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

projecteuclid.org (Global: 4,781^st place; English: 3,117^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

ulster.ac.uk (Global: 8,161^st place; English: 4,687^th place)

uoc.gr (Global: 6,542^nd place; English: low place)

usyd.edu.au (Global: 6,698^th place; English: 4,285^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091^st place; English: 1,169^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zbmath.org (Global: 2,089^th place; English: 1,141^st place)