Kongka Pass (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Kongka Pass" in English language version.

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靳, 娟娟; 金, 天义 (1 April 2011). 新疆边防管理与边防建设 [The Border Control and Border Construction in XinJiang] (in Chinese). Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-7-5097-1934-3. 防守于章图山南侧一独立小高地（胜利山）。

archive.org

"Journey of Carey and Dalgleish in Chinese Turkistan and Northern Tibet and General Prejevalsky on the Orography of Northern Tibet", Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain), Supplementary Papers, J. Murray, 1893, p. 10 – via archive.org: Describing the route from Leh to Keriya: "Leaving [Changchenmo valley] shortly after the Shahidulla road turns off to the left, it ascends to the plateau by a small pass (the Salmu Kongka); descending again into the valley and crossing the Changchenmo stream. Another ascent leads up the Lanak-la Pass, and the route now lies in independent Tibet."
Ward, A. E. (1896), The Tourist's and Sportsman's guide to Kashmir and Ladak, Thaker, Spink & Co, pp. 105–106, 109 – via archive.org (for geographical details only; Kyungang La is spelt "Kieun-la").
Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), p. 101: "Confusion as to the extent of the Chang Chenmo valley between the Lanak and Kongka passes continued to be a feature of Chinese cartography even after the Communists came to power.... the flexibility shown by official Chinese cartographers here and on other sections of the border makes mockery of China's oft-repeated claim that its concept of the border has a solid basis in history." Fisher, Margaret W.; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963), Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh, Praeger – via archive.org

army.mil

strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil

Wortzel, Larry (2003). Burkitt, Laurie; Scobell, Andrew; Wortzel, Larry (eds.). The Lessons of History: The Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75 (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. p. 331. ISBN 9781428916517. In the western sector of the border, on 21 October 1959, a team of Indian troops crossed the traditional border at Kongka Pass, entering Chinese territory.

books.google.com

Johri, Chinese Invasion of Ladakh (1969), p. 106. Johri, Sitaram (1969), Chinese Invasion of Ladakh, Himalaya Publications
Wellby, M. S. (1898). Through Unknown Tibet. Lippincott. pp. 60–61. ISBN 9788120610583.
Wellby, M. S. (1898). Through Unknown Tibet. Lippincott. p. 78. ISBN 9788120610583.
Smith, Warren W. (1996), Tibetan Nation: A history of Tibetan nationalism and Sino-Tibetan relations, Westview Press, p. 489, ISBN 978-0-8133-3155-3, Chou had assured Nehru that the PRC was still using old KMT maps, not yet having had time to prepare their own... On 8 October 1958 the Indians protested to China that the [Sinkiang-Tibet road] traversed Indian territory, to which the PRC replied that the territory in question was Chinese.
Van Eekelen, Willem Frederik (1967), Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China, Springer, p. 164, ISBN 978-94-017-6555-8, The Chinese could not quote a single document confirming that the Kongka Pass constituted the boundary.... The thorough approach of the Indian side generally contrasted with an inconsistent and almost careless presentation by the Chinese officials.
Hoffmann, India and the China Crisis (1990), p. 77: "This company was commanded by the most experienced Indian patrol leader in Ladakh, one Karam Singh, who (the previous June) had taken a patrol through Hot Spring, Kongka Pass, and then forty miles further to Lanak La. No sign of a Chinese presence had been seen then, but this time (October 1959) the situation would change.". Hoffmann, Steven A. (1990), India and the China Crisis, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06537-6
Hoffmann, India and the China Crisis (1990), p. 77: "[The incident] happened two miles west of the [Kongka] pass, on the banks of the Chang Chenmo River." Hoffmann, Steven A. (1990), India and the China Crisis, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06537-6
Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill (2015), p. 44. Sandhu, P. J. S.; Shankar, Vinay; Dwivedi, G. G. (2015), 1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-84464-37-0
Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill (2015). Sandhu, P. J. S.; Shankar, Vinay; Dwivedi, G. G. (2015), 1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-84464-37-0
Rowland, A History of Sino-Indian Relations (1967), pp. 130–131: 'Singh's testimony provides a good picture of Chinese interrogating technique: "This interrogation lasted from 4:00 A.M. to about 4:00 P.M. By this time I was almost frozen and mentally and physically exhausted because of cold, persistent interrogation, intimidation, threats, angry shoutings and lack of sleep. In this condition I was compelled to sign the statement recorded by the Chinese. At the end of this interrogation the Chinese then brought all the other captured personnel before me and read out the statement and several photographs were taken."... The incident was staged according to the Chinese version of events while photographs were taken which could be used as evidence in support of the Chinese allegations that the Indian patrol had provoked the incident.' Rowland, John (1967), A History of Sino-Indian Relations: Hostile Co-existence, Van Nostrand, ISBN 9780442070854
Rowland, A History of Sino-Indian Relations (1967), pp. 130–131. Rowland, John (1967), A History of Sino-Indian Relations: Hostile Co-existence, Van Nostrand, ISBN 9780442070854

bprd.nic.in

Bhatnagar, R.R. (November–December 2018). "Hot Springs: Saga of Heroism" (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. p. 16. ISSN 0537-2429. Retrieved 4 January 2020. Fighting gallantly nine men laid down their lives and ten were wounded. Later on, one of the injured also succumbed to his injuries. ... Seven men were taken Prisoners of War by PLA
Jindal, Akash (November–December 2018). "The Story of Hot Springs" (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. pp. 20–33. ISSN 0537-2429. Retrieved 4 January 2020. (p22) Karam Singh of ITBF was assigned the task of establishing outposts near the Chinese Occupation Line ... "Hot Springs" was barely three Km far from the site where Chinese Army had intruded.

claudearpi.net

Notes, Memoranda and letters Exchanged and Agreements signed between The Governments of India and China (PDF). White Paper. Vol. III. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 1960. Retrieved 4 January 2020 – via claudearpi.net. [Chinese interrogation of Karam Singh] We established a checkpost at Kayam and we had to establish one at Shamul Lungpa. On 20th October 1959, our two men missed. On the morning of 21st October 1959, Tyagi took 60 men and reached the hill (battle field). ... [Indian debriefing of Karam Singh] we had inadequate cover and the Chinese were in a favourable position ... five of us were made to carry the dead body of a Chinese soldier who had been killed.
India, Government of (January 1963), Chinese Aggression in Maps (PDF), Publications Division, Map 4

doi.org

Hoffmann, Perceived Hostility and the Indian Reaction (1973). Hoffmann, Steven A. (October–December 1973), "Perceived Hostility and the Indian Reaction to China", India Quarterly, 20 (4): 283–299, doi:10.1177/097492847302900401, JSTOR 45070057, S2CID 152421080
Chevalier, Marie-Luce; Pan, Jiawei; Li, Haibing; Sun, Zhiming; Liu, Dongliang; Pei, Junling; Xu, Wei; Wu, Chan (2017). "First tectonic-geomorphology study along the Longmu–Gozha Co fault system, Western Tibet". Gondwana Research. 41: 411–424. Bibcode:2017GondR..41..411C. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.03.008. ISSN 1342-937X.
Carey, A. D. (1887). "A Journey round Chinese Turkistan and along the Northern frontier of Tibet". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. 9 (12): 731–752. doi:10.2307/1801130. JSTOR 1801130.
Karackattu, Joe Thomas (2020). "The Corrosive Compromise of the Sino-Indian Border Management Framework: From Doklam to Galwan". Asian Affairs. 51 (3): 590–604. doi:10.1080/03068374.2020.1804726. S2CID 222093756.: p. 591: "The Atlas of China (Chung-hua jen-min kung-ho-kuo hsin ti-t’u, published in 1951) is one of the earliest maps published by the PRC, after the Communist Party came to power. The agency accrediting the maps was the Zhongguo Tushu Faxing Gongsi (a government-approved office similar to the Ministry of Internal Affairs/Security or Nei Zheng Bu before the Communist Party came to power), and the maps clearly depict the vicinity of Lanak La as being coterminous with India, unlike Zhou En Lai’s claim line that truncated India much earlier at the Kongka Pass. Even previously published Chinese maps such as A New Atlas of China (Chung hua min kuo hsin titu, published in 1934), contained the “New Map of the Republic of China” on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of Shenpao (Shanghai News), that showed India in the vicinity of the Lanak La pass (running much further eastwards than current Chinese maps show)." p. 592: Figure 1.
Karackattu, Joe Thomas (2020). "The Corrosive Compromise of the Sino-Indian Border Management Framework: From Doklam to Galwan". Asian Affairs. 51 (3): 590–604. doi:10.1080/03068374.2020.1804726. S2CID 222093756.

eki.ee

"Ngari prefecture". Geographical names of Tibet AR (China). Institute of the Estonian Language. 3 June 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

gatech.edu

adl.gatech.edu

Ahuja, Vivek (July–December 2008). "Unforgiveable Mistakes, The Kongka-La Incident, 21st October 1959" (PDF). Security Research Review (formerly Bharat Rakshak Monitor). BRMP07010805. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011.

geonames.org

"Kongka La". GeoNames. Retrieved 18 September 2013.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Chevalier, Marie-Luce; Pan, Jiawei; Li, Haibing; Sun, Zhiming; Liu, Dongliang; Pei, Junling; Xu, Wei; Wu, Chan (2017). "First tectonic-geomorphology study along the Longmu–Gozha Co fault system, Western Tibet". Gondwana Research. 41: 411–424. Bibcode:2017GondR..41..411C. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.03.008. ISSN 1342-937X.

himalayanclub.org

Trinkler, Emil (1931), "Notes on the Westernmost Plateaux of Tibet", The Himalayan Journal, 3

jstor.org

Hoffmann, Perceived Hostility and the Indian Reaction (1973). Hoffmann, Steven A. (October–December 1973), "Perceived Hostility and the Indian Reaction to China", India Quarterly, 20 (4): 283–299, doi:10.1177/097492847302900401, JSTOR 45070057, S2CID 152421080
Carey, A. D. (1887). "A Journey round Chinese Turkistan and along the Northern frontier of Tibet". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. 9 (12): 731–752. doi:10.2307/1801130. JSTOR 1801130.

openstreetmap.org

Konghong Highway (China, S519) and Kongka Shankou Highway mapped on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 22 October 2020.
Bangying Highway (China, S520) mapped on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 22 October 2020.
Tiankong Xian and Wen Jia Road mapped on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 22 October 2020.

scribd.com

Maxwell, Neville (1970). India's China War. New York: Pantheon. p. 13. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Hoffmann, Perceived Hostility and the Indian Reaction (1973). Hoffmann, Steven A. (October–December 1973), "Perceived Hostility and the Indian Reaction to China", India Quarterly, 20 (4): 283–299, doi:10.1177/097492847302900401, JSTOR 45070057, S2CID 152421080
Karackattu, Joe Thomas (2020). "The Corrosive Compromise of the Sino-Indian Border Management Framework: From Doklam to Galwan". Asian Affairs. 51 (3): 590–604. doi:10.1080/03068374.2020.1804726. S2CID 222093756.: p. 591: "The Atlas of China (Chung-hua jen-min kung-ho-kuo hsin ti-t’u, published in 1951) is one of the earliest maps published by the PRC, after the Communist Party came to power. The agency accrediting the maps was the Zhongguo Tushu Faxing Gongsi (a government-approved office similar to the Ministry of Internal Affairs/Security or Nei Zheng Bu before the Communist Party came to power), and the maps clearly depict the vicinity of Lanak La as being coterminous with India, unlike Zhou En Lai’s claim line that truncated India much earlier at the Kongka Pass. Even previously published Chinese maps such as A New Atlas of China (Chung hua min kuo hsin titu, published in 1934), contained the “New Map of the Republic of China” on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of Shenpao (Shanghai News), that showed India in the vicinity of the Lanak La pass (running much further eastwards than current Chinese maps show)." p. 592: Figure 1.
Karackattu, Joe Thomas (2020). "The Corrosive Compromise of the Sino-Indian Border Management Framework: From Doklam to Galwan". Asian Affairs. 51 (3): 590–604. doi:10.1080/03068374.2020.1804726. S2CID 222093756.

sina.com.cn

slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn

"在海拔5070米的空喀山口哨卡某边防团政委宗建明和官兵深情的拥抱". Sina Military (in Chinese). 17 September 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2019.

stanford.edu

earthworks.stanford.edu

Detailed World Polygons (LSIB), Asia and Russia, 2013, EarthWorks, Stanford University

steprimo.com

SECMOL (7 May 2020), RangSkat Ladakhi Dictionary: Ladakhi-English dictionary

web.archive.org

Ahuja, Vivek (July–December 2008). "Unforgiveable Mistakes, The Kongka-La Incident, 21st October 1959" (PDF). Security Research Review (formerly Bharat Rakshak Monitor). BRMP07010805. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011.
Maxwell, Neville (1970). India's China War. New York: Pantheon. p. 13. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Chevalier, Marie-Luce; Pan, Jiawei; Li, Haibing; Sun, Zhiming; Liu, Dongliang; Pei, Junling; Xu, Wei; Wu, Chan (2017). "First tectonic-geomorphology study along the Longmu–Gozha Co fault system, Western Tibet". Gondwana Research. 41: 411–424. Bibcode:2017GondR..41..411C. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.03.008. ISSN 1342-937X.
Bhatnagar, R.R. (November–December 2018). "Hot Springs: Saga of Heroism" (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. p. 16. ISSN 0537-2429. Retrieved 4 January 2020. Fighting gallantly nine men laid down their lives and ten were wounded. Later on, one of the injured also succumbed to his injuries. ... Seven men were taken Prisoners of War by PLA
Jindal, Akash (November–December 2018). "The Story of Hot Springs" (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. pp. 20–33. ISSN 0537-2429. Retrieved 4 January 2020. (p22) Karam Singh of ITBF was assigned the task of establishing outposts near the Chinese Occupation Line ... "Hot Springs" was barely three Km far from the site where Chinese Army had intruded.

zenodo.org

Carey, A. D. (1887). "A Journey round Chinese Turkistan and along the Northern frontier of Tibet". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. 9 (12): 731–752. doi:10.2307/1801130. JSTOR 1801130.