Carey & Tuck, The Chin Hills (1896), p. 135: "The [Thadou] hillmen, known as the Kukis or Khongjais, live for the greater part north of the Chin Hills boundary line and in hill territory belonging to Manipur..." Carey, Bertram S.; Tuck, H. N. (1896), The Chin Hills, Volume I, Government Printing, Burma
Dun, Gazetteer of Manipur (1886), p. 49: "Until some 32 years ago, the tribes to the south in contact with the Manipuris were the Khongjai and Kom Kukis.". Dun, E. W. (1992) [1886], Gazetteer of Manipur, Manas Publications – via archive.org
Pemberton, Report on the Eastern Frontier (1835), pp. 15–16: "Of these [hill tribes], the principal are the Murams [Marams], who occupy the tract of country between Assam and Muneepoor [Manipur]; the Kupooees [Kabuis], known in Bengal by the term Nagas, who reside on the several ranges of hills between the latter country and Cachar, and the Khongjuees [Khongjais], who under the more generally known names of Kookies [Kukis], Koochungg, and Kuci, stretch from the southern borders of the Muneepoor valley to the northern limit of the province of Arracan [Arakan];...". Pemberton, Capt. R. Boileau (1835), Report on the Eastern Frontier of British India, Calcutta: Government of India – via archive.org
McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore (1859), p. 55: "The Khongjais or Kookies [Kukis] until lately occupied the hills to the South of the Koupooees [Kabuis]. Whilst in this position, little or nothing of them was known, but they caused fear from their numbers and the bloody attacks they sometimes made upon their neighbours. South of them lay the Poi, Sooté [Sukte], Tauté, Loosei [Lushai], and other tribes, better armed than they were and of the same genus as themselves, but at feud with them. By these, they were driven from their native hills, the task being rendered easier by the internal animosities of the Khongjais themselves, and are now scattered around the Valley of Munnipore, and thence through the hills to North and South Cachar.". McCulloch, W. (1859). Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes. Selections from the Records of the Government of India (Foreign Department). Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company. OCLC249105916 – via archive.org.
Johnstone, My Experiences in Manipur and the Naga Hills (1896), pp. 25–26: "The Kukis are a wandering race consisting of several tribes who have long been working up from the South. They were first heard of as Kukis, in Manipur, between 1830 and 1840; though tribes of the same race had long been subject to the Rajah of Manipur. The new immigrants began to cause anxiety about the year 1845, and soon poured into the hill tracts of Manipur in such numbers, as to drive away many of the older inhabitants.... Seeing that the Kukis had been driven north by kindred but more powerful tribes, and that their first object was to secure land for cultivation; McCulloch, as they arrived, settled them down, allotting to them lands in different places according to their numbers, and where their presence would be useful on exposed frontiers.". Johnstone, Sir James (1896), My Experiences in Manipur and the Naga Hills, London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company – via archive.org
Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), pp. 14–15: "Linguistically these whole congeries of tribes belong to the Kuki-Chin group of the Tibeto-Burman family (Grierson 1904: 1), and ethnologically they belong to the same ethnic group called Zo, a generic term and the only all-encompassing one for the so-called Chin, Kuki and Lushai people.... Today, many of these tribes were found in Manipur and the Lushai Hills (Mizoram) as their settlements have been demarcated by the colonial and postcolonial borders. They commonly identify themselves as Zomi, which means Zo people.". Pau, Pum Khan (2019). Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN9781000507454.
Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), p. 59: "The Sylhet-Manipur road, which was then under construction, passed through the Kabui Naga territory. The upkeep of this road greatly depended on the Kabuis who felt constantly threatened by the northward movement of the Kukis... McCulloch's solution was to plant a line of Kuki colonies as a buffer to the Kabui villages.". Pau, Pum Khan (2019). Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN9781000507454.
Lunminthang, Rethinking the Political History of Northeast India (2016), pp. 77–78: "Proceeding further east from this region [Girivarta], (one reaches) Namga-ta on the slopes of the northern mountains. Bordering on the sea are Pukan, Balaku, etc.,—the country of Munans. Further, Cakma, Kam-bo-ja etc. All these are collectively called Kuki (Ko-ki).". Lunminthang, Michael (2016), "Rethinking the Political History of Northeast India: Historical Review on Kuki Country", Indian Historical Review, 43 (1): 63–82, doi:10.1177/0376983616628385
Chongloi, Reinterpreting Kuki Chieftainship (2018), pp. 488–489: "[There] are claims of colonial writers that the Kukis as 'first heard in 1830s and 1840s' (Johnstone, 1896) and as 'migrants from the south' (Shakespeare, 1912) and introduced and settled in Manipur to serve as a buffer zone against enemy tribes of British subjects (MacCulloch, 1980). In this regard the claims sounded one-sided since the hill areas of the Kukis were little known till the close of the 19th century. The Chahsads, for that matter, who settled a long time ago in the region bordering Burma (Myanmar), came to notice only in 1870s (Mackenzie, 2014).". Chongloi, H. (2018), "Reinterpreting Kuki Chieftainship of Northeast India in relation to Colonial Historiography", Media Theory Perspectives. Media Watch, 9 (3): 437–446, doi:10.15655/mw_2018_v9i3_49494, S2CID199515134
Kipgen, Nehginpao (October–December 2011), "Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case Study of the Kukis and the Nagas in Manipur", The Indian Journal of Political Science, 72 (4): 1048, JSTOR41856539
Kipgen, Ethnic Conflict in India (2011), p. 1048. Kipgen, Nehginpao (October–December 2011), "Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case Study of the Kukis and the Nagas in Manipur", The Indian Journal of Political Science, 72 (4): 1043–1060, JSTOR41856539
Cachar–Bishnupur Road, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 5 November 2023. (This road was part of the then Sylhet–Manipur road, which was strategic for the British, needed for the transport of troops to the Burma border).
outlookindia.com
Rakhi Bose, In Tense Manipur, Sub-Categorisation And 'Creamy Layer' Could Open A Pandora's Box, Outlook, 11 September 2024. [Quoting general secretary of the Committee on Tribal Unity (COTU), Kangpokpi] ''At present, all tribal communities in Manipur (other than the Nagas) are united and organised under the banner of Kuki-Zo, and we want separate administration for our regions in Kangpokpi, Churachandpur and Tengnoupal.”
proquest.com
"Second round of talk with Kuki UGs held at Delhi", Imphal Free Press, 21 October 2016. ProQuest1830470827 "KNO and UPF submitted the detailed document entitled, "A case Statement for a Separate State for the Kuki/Zo people" to the government of India"
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
Chongloi, Reinterpreting Kuki Chieftainship (2018), pp. 488–489: "[There] are claims of colonial writers that the Kukis as 'first heard in 1830s and 1840s' (Johnstone, 1896) and as 'migrants from the south' (Shakespeare, 1912) and introduced and settled in Manipur to serve as a buffer zone against enemy tribes of British subjects (MacCulloch, 1980). In this regard the claims sounded one-sided since the hill areas of the Kukis were little known till the close of the 19th century. The Chahsads, for that matter, who settled a long time ago in the region bordering Burma (Myanmar), came to notice only in 1870s (Mackenzie, 2014).". Chongloi, H. (2018), "Reinterpreting Kuki Chieftainship of Northeast India in relation to Colonial Historiography", Media Theory Perspectives. Media Watch, 9 (3): 437–446, doi:10.15655/mw_2018_v9i3_49494, S2CID199515134
Chongloi, Reinterpreting Kuki Chieftainship (2018), pp. 488–489: "[There] are claims of colonial writers that the Kukis as 'first heard in 1830s and 1840s' (Johnstone, 1896) and as 'migrants from the south' (Shakespeare, 1912) and introduced and settled in Manipur to serve as a buffer zone against enemy tribes of British subjects (MacCulloch, 1980). In this regard the claims sounded one-sided since the hill areas of the Kukis were little known till the close of the 19th century. The Chahsads, for that matter, who settled a long time ago in the region bordering Burma (Myanmar), came to notice only in 1870s (Mackenzie, 2014).". Chongloi, H. (2018), "Reinterpreting Kuki Chieftainship of Northeast India in relation to Colonial Historiography", Media Theory Perspectives. Media Watch, 9 (3): 437–446, doi:10.15655/mw_2018_v9i3_49494, S2CID199515134
Kuki Research Forum on objective historical position of the Kukis in Manipur, 25 May 2022. "A comparison of the first appearance of the names of different tribes in the Cheitharol is self-evident. For instance, the term Maring first appeared in 1302, Tangkhuns (Tangkhuls) in 1404, Koirengs in 1404, Kyangs (Chins) in 1467, Khongjai in 1508, Sairem in 1523, Takhen (Tripura) in 1533, Tekhao (Assam) in 1536, Anan/Namphou in 1559, Sakang in 1562, Lamkang in 1570, Kapui (Kabui) in 1573, Mayon (Muyon) in 1580, Maram in 1583, Monsang in 1595, Chothe in 1597, Langlong (Ranglong) in 1603, Purum in 1608, Cheeroi in 1641, Kharam in 1672, Aaimon (Aimol) in 1678, and so on. The mention of ‘Khongjai’ in 1503 [sic] is especially to be noted."
McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore (1859), p. 55: "The Khongjais or Kookies [Kukis] until lately occupied the hills to the South of the Koupooees [Kabuis]. Whilst in this position, little or nothing of them was known, but they caused fear from their numbers and the bloody attacks they sometimes made upon their neighbours. South of them lay the Poi, Sooté [Sukte], Tauté, Loosei [Lushai], and other tribes, better armed than they were and of the same genus as themselves, but at feud with them. By these, they were driven from their native hills, the task being rendered easier by the internal animosities of the Khongjais themselves, and are now scattered around the Valley of Munnipore, and thence through the hills to North and South Cachar.". McCulloch, W. (1859). Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes. Selections from the Records of the Government of India (Foreign Department). Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company. OCLC249105916 – via archive.org.
