LED lamp (English Wikipedia)

Ciugudeanu, Calin; Buzdugan, Mircea; Beu, Dorin; Campianu, Angel; Galatanu, Catalin Daniel (12 December 2019). "Sustainable Lighting-Retrofit Versus Dedicated Luminaires-Light Versus Power Quality". Sustainability. 11 (24): 7125. Bibcode:2019Sust...11.7125C. doi:10.3390/su11247125. ISSN 2071-1050.
Nakamura, S.; Mukai, T.; Senoh, M. (1994). "Candela-Class High-Brightness InGaN/AlGaN Double-Heterostructure Blue-Light-Emitting-Diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 64 (13): 1687. Bibcode:1994ApPhL..64.1687N. doi:10.1063/1.111832.
Narendran, Nadarajah; Deng, Lei (2002). "Color rendering properties of LED light sources". In Ferguson, Ian T; Narendran, Nadarajah; Denbaars, Steven P; Park, Yoon-Soo (eds.). Solid State Lighting II. International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology. SPIE Proceedings. Vol. 4776. p. 61. Bibcode:2002SPIE.4776...61N. doi:10.1117/12.452574. S2CID 8122222.
Lock, D A.; Hall, S.R.G.; Prins, A.D.; Crutchley, B.G.; Kynaston, S.; Sweeney, S.J. (1 May 2013). "LED Junction Temperature Measurement using Generated Photocurrent". Journal of Display Technology. 9 (5): 391–401. Bibcode:2013JDisT...9..396L. doi:10.1109/JDT.2013.2251607. Figure 1. (direct link to chart)
Efremov, A. A.; Bochkareva, N. I.; Gorbunov, R. I.; Lavrinovich, D. A.; Rebane, Y. T.; Tarkhin, D. V.; Shreter, Y. G. (2006). "Effect of the joule heating on the quantum efficiency and choice of thermal conditions for high-power blue InGaN/GaN LEDs". Semiconductors. 40 (5): 605. Bibcode:2006Semic..40..605E. doi:10.1134/S1063782606050162. S2CID 96989485.
Moreno, Ivan; Avendaño-Alejo, Maximino; Tzonchev, Rumen I. (2006). "Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance" (PDF). Applied Optics. 45 (10): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2006ApOpt..45.2265M. doi:10.1364/AO.45.002265. PMID 16607994.
Moreno, Ivan; Contreras, Ulises (2007). "Color distribution from multicolor LED arrays". Optics Express. 15 (6): 3607–18. Bibcode:2007OExpr..15.3607M. doi:10.1364/OE.15.003607. PMID 19532605. S2CID 35468615.
West, Kathleen E.; Jablonski, Michael R.; Warfield, Benjamin; Cecil, Kate S.; James, Mary; Ayers, Melissa A.; Maida, James; Bowen, Charles; Sliney, David H.; Rollag, Mark D.; Hanifin, John P.; Brainard, George C. (1 March 2011). "Blue light from light-emitting diodes elicits a dose-dependent suppression of melatonin in humans". Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (3): 619–626. Bibcode:2011JAPh..110..619W. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01413.2009. PMID 21164152. S2CID 23119076.
Cajochen, Christian; Frey, Sylvia; Anders, Doreen; Späti, Jakub; Bues, Matthias; Pross, Achim; Mager, Ralph; Wirz-Justice, Anna; Stefani, Oliver (1 May 2011). "Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance". Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (5): 1432–1438. Bibcode:2011JAPh..110.1432C. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011. PMID 21415172. S2CID 4140748.
Pawson, S.; Bader, M. (October 2014). "LED lighting increases the ecological impact of light pollution irrespective of color temperature". Ecological Applications. 24 (7): 1561–1568. Bibcode:2014EcoAp..24.1561P. doi:10.1890/14-0468.1. PMID 29210222. Retrieved 6 January 2017.

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"On the agenda: LED street lights, parking plan and more to come before Ann Arbor City Council". AnnArbor.com. Retrieved 11 April 2025.

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Nowicki, Michael (18 June 2015). "LED lighting: Replaceable or disposable?". Building Design+Construction. Retrieved 11 April 2025.

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Andrews, David L. (2015). Photonics, Volume 3: Photonics Technology and Instrumentation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 9781118225547.
Schubert, E. Fred (1 January 2006). Light-Emitting Diodes (2nd Edition, 2006). E. Fred Schubert. ISBN 978-0-9863826-1-1 – via Google Books.

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"Cree XLamp LEDs Chemical compatibility" URL: https://www.cree.com/led-components/media/documents/XLamp_Chemical_Comp.pdf

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Identifying the Causes of LED Efficiency Droop Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, By Steven Keeping, Digi-Key Corporation Tech Zone

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Ciugudeanu, Calin; Buzdugan, Mircea; Beu, Dorin; Campianu, Angel; Galatanu, Catalin Daniel (12 December 2019). "Sustainable Lighting-Retrofit Versus Dedicated Luminaires-Light Versus Power Quality". Sustainability. 11 (24): 7125. Bibcode:2019Sust...11.7125C. doi:10.3390/su11247125. ISSN 2071-1050.
Nakamura, S.; Mukai, T.; Senoh, M. (1994). "Candela-Class High-Brightness InGaN/AlGaN Double-Heterostructure Blue-Light-Emitting-Diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 64 (13): 1687. Bibcode:1994ApPhL..64.1687N. doi:10.1063/1.111832.
Craford, M. George (2 September 2005). "LEDs for solid state lighting and other emerging applications: status, trends, and challenges". In Ferguson, Ian T.; Carrano, John C.; Taguchi, Tsunemasa; Ashdown, Ian E. (eds.). Fifth International Conference on Solid State Lighting. SPIE Proceedings. Vol. 5941. SPIE. p. 594101. doi:10.1117/12.625918. S2CID 119804533 – via www.spiedigitallibrary.org.
Narendran, Nadarajah; Deng, Lei (2002). "Color rendering properties of LED light sources". In Ferguson, Ian T; Narendran, Nadarajah; Denbaars, Steven P; Park, Yoon-Soo (eds.). Solid State Lighting II. International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology. SPIE Proceedings. Vol. 4776. p. 61. Bibcode:2002SPIE.4776...61N. doi:10.1117/12.452574. S2CID 8122222.
Lock, D A.; Hall, S.R.G.; Prins, A.D.; Crutchley, B.G.; Kynaston, S.; Sweeney, S.J. (1 May 2013). "LED Junction Temperature Measurement using Generated Photocurrent". Journal of Display Technology. 9 (5): 391–401. Bibcode:2013JDisT...9..396L. doi:10.1109/JDT.2013.2251607. Figure 1. (direct link to chart)
Efremov, A. A.; Bochkareva, N. I.; Gorbunov, R. I.; Lavrinovich, D. A.; Rebane, Y. T.; Tarkhin, D. V.; Shreter, Y. G. (2006). "Effect of the joule heating on the quantum efficiency and choice of thermal conditions for high-power blue InGaN/GaN LEDs". Semiconductors. 40 (5): 605. Bibcode:2006Semic..40..605E. doi:10.1134/S1063782606050162. S2CID 96989485.
Moreno, Ivan; Avendaño-Alejo, Maximino; Tzonchev, Rumen I. (2006). "Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance" (PDF). Applied Optics. 45 (10): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2006ApOpt..45.2265M. doi:10.1364/AO.45.002265. PMID 16607994.
Moreno, Ivan; Contreras, Ulises (2007). "Color distribution from multicolor LED arrays". Optics Express. 15 (6): 3607–18. Bibcode:2007OExpr..15.3607M. doi:10.1364/OE.15.003607. PMID 19532605. S2CID 35468615.
Kalajian, T. A.; Aldoukhi, A.; Veronikis, A. J.; Persons, K.; Holick, M. F. (13 September 2017). "Ultraviolet B Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Are More Efficient and Effective in Producing Vitamin D3 in Human Skin Compared to Natural Sunlight". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 11489. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11362-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5597604. PMID 28904394.
West, Kathleen E.; Jablonski, Michael R.; Warfield, Benjamin; Cecil, Kate S.; James, Mary; Ayers, Melissa A.; Maida, James; Bowen, Charles; Sliney, David H.; Rollag, Mark D.; Hanifin, John P.; Brainard, George C. (1 March 2011). "Blue light from light-emitting diodes elicits a dose-dependent suppression of melatonin in humans". Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (3): 619–626. Bibcode:2011JAPh..110..619W. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01413.2009. PMID 21164152. S2CID 23119076.
Cajochen, Christian; Frey, Sylvia; Anders, Doreen; Späti, Jakub; Bues, Matthias; Pross, Achim; Mager, Ralph; Wirz-Justice, Anna; Stefani, Oliver (1 May 2011). "Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance". Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (5): 1432–1438. Bibcode:2011JAPh..110.1432C. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011. PMID 21415172. S2CID 4140748.
Fahey, Christopher D.; Zee, Phyllis C. (1 December 2006). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders and phototherapy". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 29 (4): 989–1007, abstract ix. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.009. PMID 17118278.
Appleman, Kenneth; Figueiro, Mariana G.; Rea, Mark S. (1 May 2013). "Controlling light–dark exposure patterns, rather than sleep schedules, determines circadian phase". Sleep Medicine. 14 (5): 456–461. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.12.011. PMC 4304650. PMID 23481485.
Pawson, S.; Bader, M. (October 2014). "LED lighting increases the ecological impact of light pollution irrespective of color temperature". Ecological Applications. 24 (7): 1561–1568. Bibcode:2014EcoAp..24.1561P. doi:10.1890/14-0468.1. PMID 29210222. Retrieved 6 January 2017.

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Ed Rodriguez (17 October 2013). "Cooling high-power LEDs: The four myths about active vs. passive methods". EDN Network. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
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Moreno, Ivan; Avendaño-Alejo, Maximino; Tzonchev, Rumen I. (2006). "Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance" (PDF). Applied Optics. 45 (10): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2006ApOpt..45.2265M. doi:10.1364/AO.45.002265. PMID 16607994.

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Moreno, Ivan; Avendaño-Alejo, Maximino; Tzonchev, Rumen I. (2006). "Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance" (PDF). Applied Optics. 45 (10): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2006ApOpt..45.2265M. doi:10.1364/AO.45.002265. PMID 16607994.
Moreno, Ivan; Contreras, Ulises (2007). "Color distribution from multicolor LED arrays". Optics Express. 15 (6): 3607–18. Bibcode:2007OExpr..15.3607M. doi:10.1364/OE.15.003607. PMID 19532605. S2CID 35468615.
Kalajian, T. A.; Aldoukhi, A.; Veronikis, A. J.; Persons, K.; Holick, M. F. (13 September 2017). "Ultraviolet B Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Are More Efficient and Effective in Producing Vitamin D3 in Human Skin Compared to Natural Sunlight". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 11489. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11362-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5597604. PMID 28904394.
West, Kathleen E.; Jablonski, Michael R.; Warfield, Benjamin; Cecil, Kate S.; James, Mary; Ayers, Melissa A.; Maida, James; Bowen, Charles; Sliney, David H.; Rollag, Mark D.; Hanifin, John P.; Brainard, George C. (1 March 2011). "Blue light from light-emitting diodes elicits a dose-dependent suppression of melatonin in humans". Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (3): 619–626. Bibcode:2011JAPh..110..619W. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01413.2009. PMID 21164152. S2CID 23119076.
Cajochen, Christian; Frey, Sylvia; Anders, Doreen; Späti, Jakub; Bues, Matthias; Pross, Achim; Mager, Ralph; Wirz-Justice, Anna; Stefani, Oliver (1 May 2011). "Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance". Journal of Applied Physiology. 110 (5): 1432–1438. Bibcode:2011JAPh..110.1432C. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011. PMID 21415172. S2CID 4140748.
Fahey, Christopher D.; Zee, Phyllis C. (1 December 2006). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders and phototherapy". Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 29 (4): 989–1007, abstract ix. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2006.09.009. PMID 17118278.
Appleman, Kenneth; Figueiro, Mariana G.; Rea, Mark S. (1 May 2013). "Controlling light–dark exposure patterns, rather than sleep schedules, determines circadian phase". Sleep Medicine. 14 (5): 456–461. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.12.011. PMC 4304650. PMID 23481485.
Pawson, S.; Bader, M. (October 2014). "LED lighting increases the ecological impact of light pollution irrespective of color temperature". Ecological Applications. 24 (7): 1561–1568. Bibcode:2014EcoAp..24.1561P. doi:10.1890/14-0468.1. PMID 29210222. Retrieved 6 January 2017.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kalajian, T. A.; Aldoukhi, A.; Veronikis, A. J.; Persons, K.; Holick, M. F. (13 September 2017). "Ultraviolet B Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Are More Efficient and Effective in Producing Vitamin D3 in Human Skin Compared to Natural Sunlight". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 11489. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11362-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5597604. PMID 28904394.
Appleman, Kenneth; Figueiro, Mariana G.; Rea, Mark S. (1 May 2013). "Controlling light–dark exposure patterns, rather than sleep schedules, determines circadian phase". Sleep Medicine. 14 (5): 456–461. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.12.011. PMC 4304650. PMID 23481485.

nigms.nih.gov

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nikkei.com (Global: 169^th place; English: 849^th place)

asia.nikkei.com

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nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

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nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

Taub, Eric A. (28 July 2008). "Fans of L.E.D.'s Say This Bulb's Time Has Come". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
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archive.nytimes.com

Taub, Eric A. (11 February 2009). "How Long Did You Say That Bulb Would Last?". Bits Blog. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
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optica.org (Global: low place; English: 9,523^rd place)

opg.optica.org

Lock, D A.; Hall, S.R.G.; Prins, A.D.; Crutchley, B.G.; Kynaston, S.; Sweeney, S.J. (1 May 2013). "LED Junction Temperature Measurement using Generated Photocurrent". Journal of Display Technology. 9 (5): 391–401. Bibcode:2013JDisT...9..396L. doi:10.1109/JDT.2013.2251607. Figure 1. (direct link to chart)

philips.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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philips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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photonics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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LED lamp (English Wikipedia)

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