Silva AM, Kong X, Hider RC (October 2009). "Determination of the pKa value of the hydroxyl group in the alpha-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by 13C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems". Biometals. 22 (5): 771–8. doi:10.1007/s10534-009-9224-5. PMID19288211. S2CID11615864.
Shuklov IA, Dubrovina NV, Kühlein K, Börner A (2016). "Chemo-Catalyzed Pathways to Lactic Acid and Lactates". Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis. 358 (24): 3910–3931. doi:10.1002/adsc.201600768.
Ferguson, Brian S.; Rogatzki, Matthew J.; Goodwin, Matthew L.; Kane, Daniel A.; Rightmire, Zachary; Gladden, L. Bruce (2018). "Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 118 (4): 691–728. doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3795-6. ISSN1439-6319. PMID29322250.
Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D (September 2004). "Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 287 (3): R502 –R516. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004. PMID15308499. S2CID2745168.
Zilberter Y, Zilberter T, Bregestovski P (September 2010). "Neuronal activity in vitro and the in vivo reality: the role of energy homeostasis". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 31 (9): 394–401. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.06.005. PMID20633934.
Khakhalin AS (September 2011). "Questioning the depolarizing effects of GABA during early brain development". Journal of Neurophysiology. 106 (3): 1065–7. doi:10.1152/jn.00293.2011. PMID21593390. S2CID13966338.
Offermanns S, Colletti SL, IJzerman AP, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, Waters MG. "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
Silva AM, Kong X, Hider RC (October 2009). "Determination of the pKa value of the hydroxyl group in the alpha-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by 13C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems". Biometals. 22 (5): 771–8. doi:10.1007/s10534-009-9224-5. PMID19288211. S2CID11615864.
Ferguson, Brian S.; Rogatzki, Matthew J.; Goodwin, Matthew L.; Kane, Daniel A.; Rightmire, Zachary; Gladden, L. Bruce (2018). "Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 118 (4): 691–728. doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3795-6. ISSN1439-6319. PMID29322250.
Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D (September 2004). "Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 287 (3): R502 –R516. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004. PMID15308499. S2CID2745168.
Zilberter Y, Zilberter T, Bregestovski P (September 2010). "Neuronal activity in vitro and the in vivo reality: the role of energy homeostasis". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 31 (9): 394–401. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.06.005. PMID20633934.
Khakhalin AS (September 2011). "Questioning the depolarizing effects of GABA during early brain development". Journal of Neurophysiology. 106 (3): 1065–7. doi:10.1152/jn.00293.2011. PMID21593390. S2CID13966338.
Silva AM, Kong X, Hider RC (October 2009). "Determination of the pKa value of the hydroxyl group in the alpha-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by 13C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems". Biometals. 22 (5): 771–8. doi:10.1007/s10534-009-9224-5. PMID19288211. S2CID11615864.
Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D (September 2004). "Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 287 (3): R502 –R516. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004. PMID15308499. S2CID2745168.
Khakhalin AS (September 2011). "Questioning the depolarizing effects of GABA during early brain development". Journal of Neurophysiology. 106 (3): 1065–7. doi:10.1152/jn.00293.2011. PMID21593390. S2CID13966338.
For example, in this USDA database entry for yoghurt the food energy is calculated using given coefficients for carbohydrate, fat, and protein. (One must click on "Full report" to see the coefficients.) The calculated value is based on 4.66 grams of carbohydrate, which is exactly equal to the sugars.
Ferguson, Brian S.; Rogatzki, Matthew J.; Goodwin, Matthew L.; Kane, Daniel A.; Rightmire, Zachary; Gladden, L. Bruce (2018). "Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 118 (4): 691–728. doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3795-6. ISSN1439-6319. PMID29322250.