Languages of the Ottoman Empire (English Wikipedia)

Spuler, Bertold [de], translated from German into English by Muhammad Ismail Marcinkowski [de]. "Persian Historiography Outside Iran in Modern Times: Pre-Ottoman Turkey and Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 13.5). In: Persian historiography and geography. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd, 2003. ISBN 9971774887, 9789971774882. Start: 68. CITED: pages 68-69. -- Original German content in: Spuler, Bertold. "Die historische und geographische literatur in persischer sprache." in: Iranian Studies: Volume 1 Literatur. BRILL, 1 June 1968. ISBN 9004008578, 9789004008571. Chapter "Türkei", start p. 163, cited pp. 163-165. Content also available at ISBN 9789004304994, as "DIE HISTORISCHE UND GEOGRAPHISCHE LITERATUR IN PERSISCHER SPRACHE." Same pages cited: p. 163-165.
Kemal H. Karpat (2002). Studies on Ottoman social and political history: selected articles and essays. Brill. p. 266. ISBN 90-04-12101-3.
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books PT193.
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books 198. "In the Ottoman Empire, the scientific language for Muslims had been traditionally Arabic[...] or Ottoman Turkish. But this applied to the traditional sciences (ulûm)."
Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor). Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule. Routledge, 7 July 2016. (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books PT192.
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books PT192 and PT193.
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books PT 197.
Balta, Evangelia; Ayșe Kavak (2018-02-28). "Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century. Following the trail of Dimitris Nikolaidis in the Ottoman archives". In Sagaster, Börte; Theoharis Stavrides; Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.). Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East: Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier. University of Bamberg Press. pp. 33-. ISBN 9783863095277. - Volume 12 of Bamberger Orientstudien // Cited: p. 37
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (ISBN 9781317118459), p. 121.
Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane. Turkish Life in Town and Country. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. p. 206.
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118459), p. 122.
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books PT192.
Turkish Yearbook of International Relations. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Munasebetler Enstitüsü, 2000. (head book says 2000/2 Special Issue of Turkish-American Relations. Issue 31, Page 13. p. 13. "Chambre des Conseillers Légistes de la Porte as was their title in French, which had, after the Crimean War become the official working language of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry."
Strauss, "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire," (ISBN 9781317118442), Google Books PT194.

brill.com (Global: 1,840^th place; English: 1,115^th place)

Spuler, Bertold [de], translated from German into English by Muhammad Ismail Marcinkowski [de]. "Persian Historiography Outside Iran in Modern Times: Pre-Ottoman Turkey and Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 13.5). In: Persian historiography and geography. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd, 2003. ISBN 9971774887, 9789971774882. Start: 68. CITED: pages 68-69. -- Original German content in: Spuler, Bertold. "Die historische und geographische literatur in persischer sprache." in: Iranian Studies: Volume 1 Literatur. BRILL, 1 June 1968. ISBN 9004008578, 9789004008571. Chapter "Türkei", start p. 163, cited pp. 163-165. Content also available at ISBN 9789004304994, as "DIE HISTORISCHE UND GEOGRAPHISCHE LITERATUR IN PERSISCHER SPRACHE." Same pages cited: p. 163-165.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Küçükoğlu, Bayram (2013). "The history of foreign language policies in Turkey". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 70 (70). Elsevier: 1090–1094. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.162. - From: Akdeniz Language Studies Conference 2012 - Cited: p. 1091.
"The Ottoman Constitution, Promulgated the 7th Zilbridje, 1293 (11/23 December, 1876)". The American Journal of International Law. 2 (4 (Supplement: Official Documents (Oct., 1908))). Cambridge University Press: 367–387. 1908-10-01. doi:10.2307/2212668. JSTOR 2212668. S2CID 246006581. ART. 18. Admission to public office has a condition — the knowledge of Turkish which is the official language of the State. - Translation inclosed in dispatch No. 113 in the MS. Records, U.S. Department of State, dated December 26, 1876 (PDF version)
Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. S2CID 11201905. - First published November 1, 2003. - Cited: p. 226 (PDF p. 1/5).
Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. S2CID 11201905. - First published November 1, 2003. - Cited: p. 228 (PDF p. 3/5).

fatih.edu.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Imber, Colin (2002). "The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-26.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Baruh, Lorans Tanatar; Musnik, Sara Yontan. "Francophone press in the Ottoman Empire". Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 2025-06-27. - French version

hurriyetdailynews.com (Global: 1,645^th place; English: 1,289^th place)

Alphan, Melis (2017-12-09). "Ladino: A Judeo-Ottoman language that is dying in Turkey". Hurriyet. Retrieved 2023-12-25.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

"The Ottoman Constitution, Promulgated the 7th Zilbridje, 1293 (11/23 December, 1876)". The American Journal of International Law. 2 (4 (Supplement: Official Documents (Oct., 1908))). Cambridge University Press: 367–387. 1908-10-01. doi:10.2307/2212668. JSTOR 2212668. S2CID 246006581. ART. 18. Admission to public office has a condition — the knowledge of Turkish which is the official language of the State. - Translation inclosed in dispatch No. 113 in the MS. Records, U.S. Department of State, dated December 26, 1876 (PDF version)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. S2CID 11201905. - First published November 1, 2003. - Cited: p. 226 (PDF p. 1/5).
Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. S2CID 11201905. - First published November 1, 2003. - Cited: p. 228 (PDF p. 3/5).

nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,776^th place; English: 2,052^nd place)

ari.nus.edu.sg

İsmail Hakkı Göksoy. Ottoman-Aceh Relations According to the Turkish Sources (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2018.

sagw.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

Zetler, Reyhan (2014). "Turkish Jews between 1923 and 1933 – What Did the Turkish Policy between 1923 and 1933 Mean for the Turkish Jews?" (PDF). Bulletin der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Judaistische Forschung (23): 28 (PDF p. 16/28). OCLC 865002828.
Zetler, Reyhan (2014). "Turkish Jews between 1923 and 1933 – What Did the Turkish Policy between 1923 and 1933 Mean for the Turkish Jews?" (PDF). Bulletin der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Judaistische Forschung (23): 26 (PDF p. 14/28). OCLC 865002828.

sciencespo.fr (Global: 7,048^th place; English: 6,947^th place)

Kevorkian, Raymond (2008-06-03). "The Extermination of Ottoman Armenians by the Young Turk Regime (1915-1916)". Sciences Po. Retrieved 2020-07-12. [...]these Turkish and Armenian elites —both francophone—[...]

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

"The Ottoman Constitution, Promulgated the 7th Zilbridje, 1293 (11/23 December, 1876)". The American Journal of International Law. 2 (4 (Supplement: Official Documents (Oct., 1908))). Cambridge University Press: 367–387. 1908-10-01. doi:10.2307/2212668. JSTOR 2212668. S2CID 246006581. ART. 18. Admission to public office has a condition — the knowledge of Turkish which is the official language of the State. - Translation inclosed in dispatch No. 113 in the MS. Records, U.S. Department of State, dated December 26, 1876 (PDF version)
Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. S2CID 11201905. - First published November 1, 2003. - Cited: p. 226 (PDF p. 1/5).
Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. S2CID 11201905. - First published November 1, 2003. - Cited: p. 228 (PDF p. 3/5).

shsu.edu (Global: 6,613^th place; English: 7,072^nd place)

"The Rise of the Turks and the Ottoman Empire". Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-18.

uj.ac.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

ujcontent.uj.ac.za

Language use in the Ottoman Empire and its problems, 1299-1923 Archived 2012-12-24 at archive.today

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Rise of the Turks and the Ottoman Empire". Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
Imber, Colin (2002). "The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-26.

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

de.wikipedia.org

Spuler, Bertold [de], translated from German into English by Muhammad Ismail Marcinkowski [de]. "Persian Historiography Outside Iran in Modern Times: Pre-Ottoman Turkey and Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 13.5). In: Persian historiography and geography. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd, 2003. ISBN 9971774887, 9789971774882. Start: 68. CITED: pages 68-69. -- Original German content in: Spuler, Bertold. "Die historische und geographische literatur in persischer sprache." in: Iranian Studies: Volume 1 Literatur. BRILL, 1 June 1968. ISBN 9004008578, 9789004008571. Chapter "Türkei", start p. 163, cited pp. 163-165. Content also available at ISBN 9789004304994, as "DIE HISTORISCHE UND GEOGRAPHISCHE LITERATUR IN PERSISCHER SPRACHE." Same pages cited: p. 163-165.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Zetler, Reyhan (2014). "Turkish Jews between 1923 and 1933 – What Did the Turkish Policy between 1923 and 1933 Mean for the Turkish Jews?" (PDF). Bulletin der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Judaistische Forschung (23): 28 (PDF p. 16/28). OCLC 865002828.
Zetler, Reyhan (2014). "Turkish Jews between 1923 and 1933 – What Did the Turkish Policy between 1923 and 1933 Mean for the Turkish Jews?" (PDF). Bulletin der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Judaistische Forschung (23): 26 (PDF p. 14/28). OCLC 865002828.

Languages of the Ottoman Empire (English Wikipedia)

archive-it.org (Global: 910th place; English: 593rd place)

wayback.archive-it.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archive.org

ia801700.us.archive.org

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 124th place; English: 544th place)

heritage.bnf.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brill.com (Global: 1,840th place; English: 1,115th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

fatih.edu.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

hurriyetdailynews.com (Global: 1,645th place; English: 1,289th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,776th place; English: 2,052nd place)

ari.nus.edu.sg

sagw.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

sciencespo.fr (Global: 7,048th place; English: 6,947th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shsu.edu (Global: 6,613th place; English: 7,072nd place)

uj.ac.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

ujcontent.uj.ac.za

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

de.wikipedia.org

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

archive-it.org (Global: 910^th place; English: 593^rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; English: 544^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brill.com (Global: 1,840^th place; English: 1,115^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

hurriyetdailynews.com (Global: 1,645^th place; English: 1,289^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nus.edu.sg (Global: 2,776^th place; English: 2,052^nd place)

sciencespo.fr (Global: 7,048^th place; English: 6,947^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

shsu.edu (Global: 6,613^th place; English: 7,072^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)