Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Large-file support" in English language version.
It turns out the android-sdk-linux/platform-tools content is 32-bit ELF in 23.0.1 but 64-bit ELF in 23.1_rc1 and 23.1.0. […] I set ANDROID_EMULATOR_FORCE_32BIT=true […] 23.0.1 is the last 32-bit Linux build.
Although very large fileystems are on ext4's feature list, current e2fsprogs currently still limits the filesystem size to 2^32 blocks (16TiB for a 4KiB block filesystem). Allowing filesystems larger than 16T is one of the very next high-priority features to complete for ext4.