Laser (English Wikipedia)

Jiang M.D., Yu, et al., Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Myopia Control in Children, Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Volume 129, Issue 5P509–519, May 2022.
Jiang, Yu; Zhuoting, Zhu; Xingping, Tan; Xiangbin, Kong; Zhong, Hui; Zhang, Jian; Xiong, Ruilin; Yuan, Yixiong; Zeng, Junwen (December 1, 2021). "Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Myopia Control in Children". Ophthalmology. 129 (5): 509–519. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.11.023. PMID 34863776.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ning, Jinna; Zhang, Wenrui; Cao, Changqing; Feng, Zhejun; Zeng, Xiaodong; Wang, Ting; Wang, Rui; Song, Qi; Fan, Shuanglin (2019). "Collimation of laser diode beams for free space optical communications". Infrared Physics & Technology. 102 102996. Elsevier BV. Bibcode:2019InPhT.10202996N. doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2019.102996. ISSN 1350-4495.
Castelvecchi, Davide; Sanderson, Katharine (October 3, 2023). "Physicists who built ultrafast 'attosecond' lasers win Nobel Prize". Nature. 622 (7982): 225–227. Bibcode:2023Natur.622..225C. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-03047-w. PMID 37789199. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
Trainer, Matthew (2010). "The 50th anniversary of the laser". World Patent Information. 32 (4): 326–330. Bibcode:2010WPatI..32..326T. doi:10.1016/j.wpi.2010.06.005.
Saleh, Bahaa (2016), "The Laser", in Al-Amri, Mohammad D.; El-Gomati, Mohamed; Zubairy, M. Suhail (eds.), Optics in Our Time, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–85, Bibcode:2016oot..book...71S, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31903-2_4, ISBN 978-3-319-31902-5
Strelnitski, Vladimir (1997). "Masers, Lasers and the Interstellar Medium". Astrophysics and Space Science. 252 (1–2): 279–287. Bibcode:1997Ap&SS.252..279S. doi:10.1023/A:1000892300429. S2CID 115181195.
Pollnau, M. (2018). "Phase aspect in photon emission and absorption" (PDF). Optica. 5 (4): 465–474. Bibcode:2018Optic...5..465P. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.000465. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
Pollnau, M.; Eichhorn, M. (2020). "Spectral coherence, Part I: Passive resonator linewidth, fundamental laser linewidth, and Schawlow-Townes approximation". Progress in Quantum Electronics. 72 100255. Bibcode:2020PQE....7200255P. doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100255.
Glauber, R.J. (1963). "Coherent and incoherent states of the radiation field" (PDF). Phys. Rev. 131 (6): 2766–2788. Bibcode:1963PhRv..131.2766G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.131.2766. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Karman, G.P.; McDonald, G.S.; New, G.H.C.; Woerdman, J.P. (November 1999). "Laser Optics: Fractal modes in unstable resonators". Nature. 402 (6758): 138. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..138K. doi:10.1038/45960. S2CID 205046813.
Einstein, Albert (1916). "Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung". Physikalische Gesellschaft Zürich. 18: 47–62.
Einstein, A (1917). "Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung". Physikalische Zeitschrift. 18: 121–128. Bibcode:1917PhyZ...18..121E.
Nishizawa, Jun-ichi (December 2009). "Extension of frequencies from maser to laser". Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 85 (10): 454–465. Bibcode:2009PJAB...85..454N. doi:10.2183/pjab.85.454. PMC 3621550. PMID 20009378.
Schawlow, Arthur; Townes, Charles (1958). "Infrared and Optical Masers". Physical Review. 112 (6): 1940–1949. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1940S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.112.1940.
Maiman, T. H. (1960). "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby". Nature. 187 (4736): 493–494. Bibcode:1960Natur.187..493M. doi:10.1038/187493a0. S2CID 4224209.
Cassidy, M. C.; Bruno, A.; Rubbert, S.; Irfan, M.; Kammhuber, J.; Schouten, R.N.; Akhmerov, A.R.; Kouwenhoven, L.P. (March 2, 2017). "Demonstration of an ac Josephson junction laser". Science. 355 (6328): 939–942. arXiv:1703.05404. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..939C. doi:10.1126/science.aah6640. PMID 28254938. S2CID 1364541.
Mayer, B.; Regler, A.; Sterzl, S.; Stettner, T.; Koblmüller, G.; Kaniber, M.; Lingnau, B.; Lüdge, K.; Finley, J.J. (May 23, 2017). "Long-term mutual phase locking of picosecond pulse pairs generated by a semiconductor nanowire laser". Nature Communications. 8 15521. arXiv:1603.02169. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815521M. doi:10.1038/ncomms15521. PMC 5457509. PMID 28534489.
Matei, D.G.; Legero, T.; Häfner, S.; et al. (June 30, 2017). "1.5 μm Lasers with Sub-10 mHz Linewidth". Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (26) 263202. arXiv:1702.04669. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.118z3202M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.263202. PMID 28707932. S2CID 206293342.
Mompart, J.; Corbalán, R. (2000). "Lasing without inversion". J. Opt. B. 2 (3): R7–R24. Bibcode:2000JOptB...2R...7M. doi:10.1088/1464-4266/2/3/201. S2CID 121209763.
Wu, X.; et al. (October 25, 2004). "Ultraviolet photonic crystal laser". Applied Physics Letters. 85 (17): 3657. arXiv:physics/0406005. Bibcode:2004ApPhL..85.3657W. doi:10.1063/1.1808888. S2CID 119460787.
Mayer, B.; Janker, L.; Loitsch, B.; Treu, J.; Kostenbader, T.; Lichtmannecker, S.; Reichert, T.; Morkötter, S.; Kaniber, M.; Abstreiter, G.; Gies, C.; Koblmüller, G.; Finley, J.J. (January 13, 2016). "Monolithically Integrated High-β Nanowire Lasers on Silicon". Nano Letters. 16 (1): 152–156. Bibcode:2016NanoL..16..152M. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03404. PMID 26618638.
Miller, Johanna (2024). "Bubble lasers can be sturdy and sensitive". Physics Today. 77 (3). American Institute of Physics: 12–14. Bibcode:2024PhT....77c..12M. doi:10.1063/pt.xafv.lnix.
Baldwin, G.C.; Solem, J.C.; Gol'danskii, V. I. (1981). "Approaches to the development of gamma-ray lasers". Reviews of Modern Physics. 53 (4): 687–744. Bibcode:1981RvMP...53..687B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.53.687.
Baldwin, G.C.; Solem, J.C. (1997). "Recoilless gamma-ray lasers". Reviews of Modern Physics. 69 (4): 1085–1117. Bibcode:1997RvMP...69.1085B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.69.1085. Archived from the original on July 28, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
Baldwin, G.C.; Solem, J.C. (1979). "Maximum density and capture rates of neutrons moderated from a pulsed source". Nuclear Science & Engineering. 72 (3): 281–289. Bibcode:1979NSE....72..281B. doi:10.13182/NSE79-A20384. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Baldwin, G.C.; Solem, J.C. (1980). "Two-stage pumping of three-level Mössbauer gamma-ray lasers". Journal of Applied Physics. 51 (5): 2372–2380. Bibcode:1980JAP....51.2372B. doi:10.1063/1.328007.
Solem, J.C. (1986). "Interlevel transfer mechanisms and their application to grasers". AIP Conference Proceedings. Proceedings of Advances in Laser Science-I, First International Laser Science Conference, Dallas, TX 1985 (American Institute of Physics, Optical Science and Engineering, Series 6). Vol. 146. pp. 22–25. Bibcode:1986AIPC..146...22S. doi:10.1063/1.35861. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
Biedenharn, L.C.; Boyer, K.; Solem, J.C. (1986). "Possibility of grasing by laser-driven nuclear excitation". AIP Conference Proceedings. Proceedings of AIP Advances in Laser Science-I, Dallas, TX, November 18–22, 1985. Vol. 146. pp. 50–51. Bibcode:1986AIPC..146...50B. doi:10.1063/1.35928.
Solem, J.C. (1988). "Theorem relating spatial and temporal harmonics for nuclear interlevel transfer driven by collective electronic oscillation". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 40 (6): 713–715. Bibcode:1988JQSRT..40..713S. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(88)90067-2. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
Solem, J.C.; Biedenharn, L.C. (1987). "Primer on coupling collective electronic oscillations to nuclei" (PDF). Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-10878: 1. Bibcode:1987pcce.rept.....S. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Solem, J.C.; Biedenharn, L.C. (1988). "Laser coupling to nuclei via collective electronic oscillations: A simple heuristic model study". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 40 (6): 707–712. Bibcode:1988JQSRT..40..707S. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(88)90066-0.
Biedenharn, L.C.; Rinker, G.A.; Solem, J.C. (1989). "A solvable approximate model for the response of atoms subjected to strong oscillatory electric fields". Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 6 (2): 221–227. Bibcode:1989JOSAB...6..221B. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.6.000221. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
Hecht, Jeff (May 2008). "The history of the x-ray laser". Optics and Photonics News. 19 (5): 26–33. Bibcode:2008OptPN..19R..26H. doi:10.1364/opn.19.5.000026.
Malte C. Gather & Seok Hyun Yun (June 12, 2011). "Single-cell biological lasers". Nature Photonics. 5 (7): 406–410. Bibcode:2011NaPho...5..406G. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2011.99.
Mumma, Michael J (April 3, 1981). "Discovery of Natural Gain Amplification in the 10-Micrometer Carbon Dioxide Laser Bands on Mars: A Natural Laser". Science. 212 (4490): 45–49. Bibcode:1981Sci...212...45M. doi:10.1126/science.212.4490.45. PMID 17747630. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
Oberoi, S; Zamperlini-Netto, G; Beyene, J; Treister, NS; Sung, L (2014). "Effect of prophylactic low level laser therapy on oral mucositis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 9 (9) e107418. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j7418O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107418. PMC 4157876. PMID 25198431.

aesculight.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Peavy, George M. (January 23, 2014). "How to select a surgical veterinary laser". Aesculight. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2016.

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; English: 1,697^th place)

aip.org

"American Institute of Physics Oral History Interview with Joseph Weber". May 4, 2015. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
Joan Lisa Bromberg, The Laser in America, 1950–1970 (1991), pp. 74–77 online Archived May 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

physicstoday.aip.org

Kleppner, Daniel (February 1, 2005). "Rereading Einstein on Radiation". Physics Today. Vol. 58, no. 2. p. 30. doi:10.1063/1.1897520. Retrieved May 20, 2026.

allresearchjournal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gupta, Devaryan (September 29, 2016). "Laser Technology Applications: A gift to Humanity". International Journal of Applied Research. 1 (7). AkiNik: 476–486. ISSN 2394-5869. Retrieved March 13, 2025.

ans.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Baldwin, G.C.; Solem, J.C. (1979). "Maximum density and capture rates of neutrons moderated from a pulsed source". Nuclear Science & Engineering. 72 (3): 281–289. Bibcode:1979NSE....72..281B. doi:10.13182/NSE79-A20384. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016.

aps.org (Global: 1,264^th place; English: 951^st place)

aps.org

"December 1958: Invention of the Laser". aps.org. Archived from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
"The Back Page". American Physical Society. May 4, 2005. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

journals.aps.org

Patel, C. K. N. (November 30, 1964). "Continuous-Wave Laser Action on Vibrational-Rotational Transitions of CO2". Physical Review. 136 (5A): A1187–A1193. doi:10.1103/physrev.136.a1187. ISSN 0031-899X. Archived from the original on July 6, 2024.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Heilbron, John L. (March 27, 2003). The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science. Oxford University Press. pp. 447. ISBN 978-0-19-974376-6.
Siegman, Anthony E. (1986). Lasers. University Science Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-935702-11-8.
Siegman, Anthony E. (1986). Lasers. University Science Books. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-935702-11-8.
Strong, C.L. (June 1974). "Nitrogen Laser". Light and Its Uses: Making and using lasers, holograms, interferometers, and instruments of dispersion. W. H. Freeman. pp. 40–43. ISBN 978-0-7167-1185-8.
Charles H. Townes (2003). "The first laser". In Laura Garwin; Tim Lincoln (eds.). A Century of Nature: Twenty-One Discoveries that Changed Science and the World. University of Chicago Press. pp. 107–12. ISBN 978-0-226-28413-2.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Cassidy, M. C.; Bruno, A.; Rubbert, S.; Irfan, M.; Kammhuber, J.; Schouten, R.N.; Akhmerov, A.R.; Kouwenhoven, L.P. (March 2, 2017). "Demonstration of an ac Josephson junction laser". Science. 355 (6328): 939–942. arXiv:1703.05404. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..939C. doi:10.1126/science.aah6640. PMID 28254938. S2CID 1364541.
Mayer, B.; Regler, A.; Sterzl, S.; Stettner, T.; Koblmüller, G.; Kaniber, M.; Lingnau, B.; Lüdge, K.; Finley, J.J. (May 23, 2017). "Long-term mutual phase locking of picosecond pulse pairs generated by a semiconductor nanowire laser". Nature Communications. 8 15521. arXiv:1603.02169. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815521M. doi:10.1038/ncomms15521. PMC 5457509. PMID 28534489.
Matei, D.G.; Legero, T.; Häfner, S.; et al. (June 30, 2017). "1.5 μm Lasers with Sub-10 mHz Linewidth". Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (26) 263202. arXiv:1702.04669. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.118z3202M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.263202. PMID 28707932. S2CID 206293342.
Wu, X.; et al. (October 25, 2004). "Ultraviolet photonic crystal laser". Applied Physics Letters. 85 (17): 3657. arXiv:physics/0406005. Bibcode:2004ApPhL..85.3657W. doi:10.1063/1.1808888. S2CID 119460787.

aslms.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Photobiomodulation". www.aslms.org. Retrieved September 2, 2019.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Fildes, Jonathan (September 12, 2007). "Mirror particles form new matter". BBC News. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2008.

bbc.co.uk

Palmer, Jason (June 13, 2011). "Laser is produced by a living cell". BBC News. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Taylor, Nick (2000). Laser: The Inventor, The Nobel Laureate, and The Thirty-Year Patent War. Simon & Schuster. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-684-83515-0.
Ross T., Adam; Becker G., Daniel (2001). Proceedings of Laser Surgery: Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems. SPIE. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-8194-3922-2.
Saleh, Bahaa (2016), "The Laser", in Al-Amri, Mohammad D.; El-Gomati, Mohamed; Zubairy, M. Suhail (eds.), Optics in Our Time, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–85, Bibcode:2016oot..book...71S, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31903-2_4, ISBN 978-3-319-31902-5
Bertolotti, Mario (October 1, 2004). The History of the Laser. CRC Press. pp. 215, 218–219. ISBN 978-1-4200-3340-3.
McAulay, Alastair D. (May 31, 2011). Military Laser Technology for Defense: Technology for Revolutionizing 21st Century Warfare. John Wiley & Sons. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-470-25560-5.
Renk, Karl F. (February 9, 2012). Basics of Laser Physics: For Students of Science and Engineering. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-642-23565-8.
Al-Amri, Mohammad D.; El-Gomati, Mohamed; Zubairy, M. Suhail (December 12, 2016). Optics in Our Time. Springer. p. 76. ISBN 978-3-319-31903-2.
Hecht, Jeff (December 27, 2018). Understanding Lasers: An Entry-Level Guide. John Wiley & Sons. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-119-31064-8.
Steen, W. M.; Steen, William M.; Mazumder, J. (2010). Laser Material Processing (4th ed.). Springer. pp. 5, 11. ISBN 978-1-84996-062-5.
Steen, W. M.; Steen, William M.; Mazumder, J. (2010). Laser Material Processing (4th ed.). Springer. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-84996-062-5.
Bertolotti, Mario (2015). Masers and Lasers: An Historical Approach (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-1-4822-1780-3. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
Townes, Charles H. (1999). How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-512268-8, pp. 69–70.
Bass, Michael; DeCusatis, Casimer; Enoch, Jay; Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan; Li, Guifang; MacDonald, Carolyn; Mahajan, Virendra; Stryland, Eric Van (November 13, 2009). Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume V: Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron Optics. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-163314-7. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2017.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Laser inventor, Optics pioneer". Encyclopedia Britannica. September 12, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

business-review.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dragan, Aurel (March 13, 2019). "Magurele Laser officially becomes the most powerful laser in the world". Business Review. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

cancer.gov (Global: 1,906^th place; English: 1,649^th place)

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Lasers in Cancer Treatment". National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. September 13, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2017.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

"The Laser Turns 50 (images)". CBS News. May 15, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Prisco, Jacopo (October 9, 2024). "Lasers could take broadband where fiber optics can't". CNN. Retrieved January 31, 2025.

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

"LASE". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
"LASING". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved January 6, 2024.

davidson.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

phy.davidson.edu

Nolen, Jim; Derek Verno. "The Carbon Dioxide Laser". Davidson Physics. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2014.

defense.gov (Global: 1,436^th place; English: 900^th place)

media.defense.gov

"Lights, data, action!" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. January 27, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

defensenews.com (Global: 1,581^st place; English: 1,031^st place)

"When it comes to missile-killing lasers, the US Navy is ready to burn its ships". May 28, 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Taylor N (2022). "The Invention of the Laser". Optical Tweezers. Methods Mol Biol. Vol. 2478. pp. 3–10. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2229-2_1. ISBN 978-1-0716-2228-5. PMID 36063315.
Ning, Jinna; Zhang, Wenrui; Cao, Changqing; Feng, Zhejun; Zeng, Xiaodong; Wang, Ting; Wang, Rui; Song, Qi; Fan, Shuanglin (2019). "Collimation of laser diode beams for free space optical communications". Infrared Physics & Technology. 102 102996. Elsevier BV. Bibcode:2019InPhT.10202996N. doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2019.102996. ISSN 1350-4495.
Castelvecchi, Davide; Sanderson, Katharine (October 3, 2023). "Physicists who built ultrafast 'attosecond' lasers win Nobel Prize". Nature. 622 (7982): 225–227. Bibcode:2023Natur.622..225C. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-03047-w. PMID 37789199. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
Trainer, Matthew (2010). "The 50th anniversary of the laser". World Patent Information. 32 (4): 326–330. Bibcode:2010WPatI..32..326T. doi:10.1016/j.wpi.2010.06.005.
Saleh, Bahaa (2016), "The Laser", in Al-Amri, Mohammad D.; El-Gomati, Mohamed; Zubairy, M. Suhail (eds.), Optics in Our Time, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 71–85, Bibcode:2016oot..book...71S, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31903-2_4, ISBN 978-3-319-31902-5
Strelnitski, Vladimir (1997). "Masers, Lasers and the Interstellar Medium". Astrophysics and Space Science. 252 (1–2): 279–287. Bibcode:1997Ap&SS.252..279S. doi:10.1023/A:1000892300429. S2CID 115181195.
Feldmann, Sascha (August 2, 2023). "Taming the tiniest of lasers: Electrically pumped amplified spontaneous emission from nanocrystals". Matter. 6 (8): 2568–2570. doi:10.1016/j.matt.2023.06.022. ISSN 2590-2393.
Pearsall 2020, p. 276=285. Pearsall, Thomas (2020). Quantum Photonics, 2nd edition. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47325-9. ISBN 978-3-030-47324-2. S2CID 240934073. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Kleppner, Daniel (February 1, 2005). "Rereading Einstein on Radiation". Physics Today. Vol. 58, no. 2. p. 30. doi:10.1063/1.1897520. Retrieved May 20, 2026.
Pollnau, M. (2018). "Phase aspect in photon emission and absorption" (PDF). Optica. 5 (4): 465–474. Bibcode:2018Optic...5..465P. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.000465. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
Pollnau, M.; Eichhorn, M. (2020). "Spectral coherence, Part I: Passive resonator linewidth, fundamental laser linewidth, and Schawlow-Townes approximation". Progress in Quantum Electronics. 72 100255. Bibcode:2020PQE....7200255P. doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100255.
Glauber, R.J. (1963). "Coherent and incoherent states of the radiation field" (PDF). Phys. Rev. 131 (6): 2766–2788. Bibcode:1963PhRv..131.2766G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.131.2766. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Pearsall 2020, p. 276. Pearsall, Thomas (2020). Quantum Photonics, 2nd edition. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47325-9. ISBN 978-3-030-47324-2. S2CID 240934073. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Karman, G.P.; McDonald, G.S.; New, G.H.C.; Woerdman, J.P. (November 1999). "Laser Optics: Fractal modes in unstable resonators". Nature. 402 (6758): 138. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..138K. doi:10.1038/45960. S2CID 205046813.
Nishizawa, Jun-ichi (December 2009). "Extension of frequencies from maser to laser". Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 85 (10): 454–465. Bibcode:2009PJAB...85..454N. doi:10.2183/pjab.85.454. PMC 3621550. PMID 20009378.
Schawlow, Arthur; Townes, Charles (1958). "Infrared and Optical Masers". Physical Review. 112 (6): 1940–1949. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1940S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.112.1940.
Maiman, T. H. (1960). "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby". Nature. 187 (4736): 493–494. Bibcode:1960Natur.187..493M. doi:10.1038/187493a0. S2CID 4224209.
Patel, C. K. N. (November 30, 1964). "Continuous-Wave Laser Action on Vibrational-Rotational Transitions of CO2". Physical Review. 136 (5A): A1187–A1193. doi:10.1103/physrev.136.a1187. ISSN 0031-899X. Archived from the original on July 6, 2024.
Cassidy, M. C.; Bruno, A.; Rubbert, S.; Irfan, M.; Kammhuber, J.; Schouten, R.N.; Akhmerov, A.R.; Kouwenhoven, L.P. (March 2, 2017). "Demonstration of an ac Josephson junction laser". Science. 355 (6328): 939–942. arXiv:1703.05404. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..939C. doi:10.1126/science.aah6640. PMID 28254938. S2CID 1364541.
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osti.gov (Global: 2,098th place; English: 1,146th place)

pennnet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lfw.pennnet.com

photonics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

photonsystems.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595th place; English: 1,363rd place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; English: 1,697^th place)

aps.org (Global: 1,264^th place; English: 951^st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cancer.gov (Global: 1,906^th place; English: 1,649^th place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

defense.gov (Global: 1,436^th place; English: 900^th place)

defensenews.com (Global: 1,581^st place; English: 1,031^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

gizmodo.com (Global: 763^rd place; English: 486^th place)

globalsecurity.org (Global: 540^th place; English: 541^st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

iaea.org (Global: 1,135^th place; English: 1,124^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

llnl.gov (Global: 9,564^th place; English: 6,988^th place)

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521^st place; English: 1,017^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

news.yahoo.com (Global: 183^rd place; English: 212^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nmsu.edu (Global: 9,083^rd place; English: 6,016^th place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; English: 1,146^th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

popsci.com (Global: 4,048^th place; English: 2,846^th place)

popularmechanics.com (Global: 2,521^st place; English: 1,621^st place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; English: 1,063^rd place)

thebulletin.org (Global: 6,637^th place; English: 5,064^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099^th place; English: 630^th place)

unt.edu (Global: 1,621^st place; English: 852^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)