Lead (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Lead" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

95doi.org

2^nd place

85books.google.com

3^rd place

53nih.gov

4^th place

38harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

34web.archive.org

1^st place

20semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

17worldcat.org

5^th place

14ila-lead.org

low place

8archive.org

6^th place

5epa.gov

882^nd place

600^th place

4jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

4cdc.gov

218^th place

212^th place

3arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

2zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

2wustl.edu

3,160^th place

2,065^th place

2rinet.ru

2,966^th place

7,020^th place

2precaution.org

low place

2lead.org.au

low place

2fda.gov

447^th place

338^th place

1ciaaw.org

8,651^st place

low place

1degruyter.com

1,425^th place

1,138^th place

1scitation.org

4,352^nd place

3,229^th place

1iaea.org

1,168^th place

1,193^rd place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

297^th place

1nps.gov

135^th place

105^th place

1csicop.org

3,411^th place

2,303^rd place

1wiley-vch.de

low place

1uni-freiburg.de

5,792^nd place

9,376^th place

1flyingmag.com

7,268^th place

4,243^rd place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

1ucl.ac.uk

1,306^th place

885^th place

1uchicago.edu

230^th place

214^th place

1wikisource.org

27^th place

51^st place

1rachel.org

low place

1chemistryworld.com

low place

9,688^th place

1nottingham.ac.uk

4,422^nd place

2,579^th place

1usgs.gov

167^th place

198^th place

1unep.fr

low place

1fws.gov

2,434^th place

1,524^th place

1canada.ca

1,712^th place

1,063^rd place

1europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1ecolo.org

low place

1cesa.org

low place

1indiatimes.com

17^th place

15^th place

1ipen.org

low place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

1sigmaaldrich.com

924^th place

2,352^nd place

1aappublications.org

3,763^rd place

3,602^nd place

1stanford.edu

179^th place

183^rd place

1phys.org

1,283^rd place

1,130^th place

1elegislation.gov.hk

low place

1wbur.org

2,911^th place

1,596^th place

1yahoo.com

38^th place

40^th place

1apnews.com

129^th place

89^th place

1gearjunkie.com

low place

1thehill.com

476^th place

282^nd place

1shootinguk.co.uk

low place

1unibas.ch

low place

1epaalumni.org

low place

1flyer.co.uk

low place

1roadtraffic-technology.com

low place

1faa.gov

1,009^th place

607^th place

1dodlive.mil

7,808^th place

4,539^th place

1affrc.go.jp

4,627^th place

low place

aappublications.org (Global: 3,763^rd place; English: 3,602^nd place)

pediatrics.aappublications.org

Cohen, Trotzky & Pincus 1981, pp. 904–906. Cohen, A. R.; Trotzky, M. S.; Pincus, D. (1981). "Reassessment of the Microcytic Anemia of Lead Poisoning". Pediatrics. 67 (6): 904–906. doi:10.1542/peds.67.6.904. PMID 7232054. S2CID 42146120.

affrc.go.jp (Global: 4,627^th place; English: low place)

pedology.ac.affrc.go.jp

Park et al. 2011, pp. 162–174. Park, J. H.; Bolan, N.; Meghara, M.; et al. (2011). "Bacterial-assisted immobilization of lead in soils: Implications for remediation" (PDF). Pedologist: 162–74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2015.

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

Aleccia, Jonel (8 March 2024). "Lead-tainted cinnamon has been recalled. Here's what you should know". Retrieved 27 May 2024.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Whitten, Gailey & David 1996, pp. 904–905. Whitten, K. W.; Gailey, K. D.; David, R. E. (1996). General chemistry with qualitative analysis (3rd ed.). Saunders College. ISBN 978-0-03-012864-6.
Cox 1997, p. 182. Cox, P. A. (1997). The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-855298-7.
Finger 2006, p. 184. Finger, S. (2006). Doctor Franklin's Medicine. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3913-3.
Thomson 1830, p. 74. Thomson, T. (1830). The History of Chemistry. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley (publishers). ISBN 9780405066238. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Samson 1885, p. 388. Samson, G. W. (1885). The divine law as to wines. J. B. Lippincott & Co.
Ramage 1980, p. 8. Ramage, C. K., ed. (1980). Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook (3rd ed.). Lyman Products Corporation.
Pauling 1947. Pauling, L. (1947). General Chemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-486-65622-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Krestovnikoff & Halls 2006, p. 70. Krestovnikoff, M.; Halls, M. (2006). Scuba Diving. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7566-4063-7.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Webb, Marsiglio & Hirsch 2015. Webb, G. W.; Marsiglio, F.; Hirsch, J. E. (2015). "Superconductivity in the elements, alloys and simple compounds". Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications. 514: 17–27. arXiv:1502.04724. Bibcode:2015PhyC..514...17W. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.037. S2CID 119290828.
Beeman et al. 2013. Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; et al. (2013). "New experimental limits on the α decays of lead isotopes". European Physical Journal A. 49 (50): 50. arXiv:1212.2422. Bibcode:2013EPJA...49...50B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2013-13050-7. S2CID 119280082.
Roederer et al. 2009, pp. 1963–1980. Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; et al. (2009). "The end of nucleosynthesis: Production of lead and thorium in the early galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–80. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. S2CID 14814446.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Weast, Astle & Beyer 1983, p. E110. Weast, R. C.; Astle, M. J.; Beyer, W. H. (1983). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, pp. 226–227, 374. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Christensen 2002, p. 867. Christensen, N. E. (2002). "Relativistic Solid State Theory". In Schwerdtfeger, P. (ed.). Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory — Fundamentals. Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. Vol. 11. Elsevier. pp. 867–68. doi:10.1016/s1380-7323(02)80041-3. ISBN 978-0-08-054046-7.
Considine & Considine 2013, pp. 501, 2970. Considine, D. M.; Considine, G. D. (2013). Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4757-6918-0.
Parthé 1964, p. 13. Parthé, E. (1964). Crystal Chemistry of Tetrahedral Structures. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-677-00700-7. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 372. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, pp. 372–373. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Jones 2014, p. 42. Jones, P. A. (2014). Jedburgh Justice and Kentish Fire: The Origins of English in Ten Phrases and Expressions. Constable. ISBN 978-1-47211-389-4.
Gale & Totemeier 2003, pp. 15–2–15–3. Gale, W. F.; Totemeier, T. C. (2003). Smithells Metals Reference Book. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-048096-1.
Blakemore 1985, p. 272. Blakemore, J. S. (1985). Solid State Physics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31391-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 368. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Levin 2009, pp. 40–41. Levin, H. L. (2009). The Earth Through Time. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-38774-0.
Webb 2000, p. 115. Webb, G. A. (2000). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-0-85404-327-9.
Wrackmeyer & Horchler 1990. Wrackmeyer, B.; Horchler, K. (1990). "²⁰⁷Pb-NMR Parameters". Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. Vol. 22. Academic Press. pp. 249–303. doi:10.1016/S0066-4103(08)60257-4. ISBN 978-0-08-058405-8.
Cangelosi & Pecoraro 2015. Cangelosi, V. M.; Pecoraro, V. L. (2015). "Lead". In Roduner, E. (ed.). Nanoscopic Materials: Size-Dependent Phenomena and Growth Principles. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 843–875. ISBN 978-1-78262-494-3.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 373. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Bretherick 2016, p. 1442. Bretherick, L. (2016). Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4831-6250-8.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 374. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Dieter & Watson 2009, p. 509. Dieter, R. K.; Watson, R. T. (2009). "Transmetalation reactions producing organocopper compounds". In Rappoport, Z.; Marek, I. (eds.). The Chemistry of Organocopper Compounds. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 443–526. ISBN 978-0-470-77296-6.
Hunt 2014, p. 215. Hunt, A. (2014). Dictionary of Chemistry. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-94178-9.
Bunker & Casey 2016, p. 89. Bunker, B. C.; Casey, W. H. (2016). The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-938425-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 384. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 387. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 389. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 382. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 388. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Downs & Adams 2017, p. 1128. Downs, A. J.; Adams, C. J. (2017). The Chemistry of Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4831-5832-7.
Brescia 2012, p. 234. Brescia, F. (2012). Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-14231-1.
Macintyre 1992, p. 3775. Macintyre, J. E. (1992). Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-412-30120-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 381. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Konu & Chivers 2011, pp. 391–392. Konu, J.; Chivers, T. (2011). "Stable Radicals of the Heavy p-Block Elements". In Hicks, R. G. (ed.). Stable Radicals: Fundamentals and Applied Aspects of Odd-Electron Compounds. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470666975.ch10. ISBN 978-0-470-77083-2.
Hadlington 2017, p. 59. Hadlington, T. J. (2017). On the Catalytic Efficacy of Low-Oxidation State Group 14 Complexes. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-51807-7.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, pp. 384–386. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Alsfasser 2007, pp. 261–263. Alsfasser, R. (2007). Moderne anorganische Chemie [Modern inorganic chemistry] (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-019060-1.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 393. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998, p. 404. Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Langmuir & Broecker 2012, pp. 183–184. Langmuir, C. H.; Broecker, W. S. (2012). How to Build a Habitable Planet: The Story of Earth from the Big Bang to Humankind. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14006-3.
Rich 1994, p. 4. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Yu & Yu 2004, p. 26. Yu, L.; Yu, H. (2004). Chinese Coins: Money in History and Society. Long River Press. ISBN 978-1-59265-017-0.
Bisson & Vogel 2000, p. 105. Bisson, M. S.; Vogel, J. O. (2000). Ancient African Metallurgy: The Sociocultural Context. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-0261-1.
Rich 1994, p. 5. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Ceccarelli 2013, p. 35. Ceccarelli, P. (2013). Ancient Greek Letter Writing: A Cultural History (600 BC- 150 BC). OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-967559-3.
Rich 1994, p. 6. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Bisel & Bisel 2002, pp. 459–460. Bisel, S. C.; Bisel, J. F. (2002). "Health and nutrition at Herculaneum". In Jashemski, W. F.; Meyer, F. G. (eds.). The Natural History of Pompeii. Cambridge University Press. pp. 451–75. ISBN 978-0-521-80054-9.
Frankenburg 2014, p. 16. Frankenburg, F. R. (2014). Brain-Robbers: How Alcohol, Cocaine, Nicotine, and Opiates Have Changed Human History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-2932-1.
Kellett 2012, pp. 106–107. Kellett, C. (2012). Poison and Poisoning: A Compendium of Cases, Catastrophes and Crimes. Accent Press. ISBN 978-1-909335-05-9. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019.
Rich 1994, p. 7. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Rich 1994, p. 8. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Ede & Cormack 2016, p. 54. Ede, A.; Cormack, L. B. (2016). A History of Science in Society, Volume I: From the Ancient Greeks to the Scientific Revolution, Third Edition. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-3503-6.
Cotnoir 2006, p. 35. Cotnoir, B. (2006). The Weiser Concise Guide to Alchemy. Weiser Books. ISBN 978-1-57863-379-1.
Tungate 2011, p. 14. Tungate, M. (2011). Branded Beauty: How Marketing Changed the Way We Look. Kogan Page Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7494-6182-9.
Donnelly 2014, pp. 171–172. Donnelly, J. (2014). Deep Blue. Hachette Children's Group. ISBN 978-1-4449-2119-9.
Rabinowitz 1995, p. 66. Rabinowitz, M. B. (1995). "Imputing lead sources from blood lead isotope ratios". In Beard, M. E.; Allen Iske, S. D. (eds.). Lead in Paint, Soil, and Dust: Health Risks, Exposure Studies, Control Measures, Measurement Methods, and Quality Assurance. ASTM. pp. 63–75. doi:10.1520/stp12967s. ISBN 978-0-8031-1884-3.
Bisson & Vogel 2000, p. 85. Bisson, M. S.; Vogel, J. O. (2000). Ancient African Metallurgy: The Sociocultural Context. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-0261-1.
Bisson & Vogel 2000, pp. 131–132. Bisson, M. S.; Vogel, J. O. (2000). Ancient African Metallurgy: The Sociocultural Context. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-0261-1.
Rich 1994, p. 11. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Rich 1994, p. 117. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Rich 1994, p. 17. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Rich 1994, pp. 91–92. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Street & Alexander 1998, p. 181. Street, A.; Alexander, W. (1998). Metals in the Service of Man (11th ed.). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-025776-2.
Willey, Peter (25 November 2005). Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-85771-225-7.
Parker 2005, pp. 194–195. Parker, R. B. (2005). The New Cold-Molded Boatbuilding: From Lofting to Launching. WoodenBoat Books. ISBN 978-0-937822-89-0.
Street & Alexander 1998, p. 182. Street, A.; Alexander, W. (1998). Metals in the Service of Man (11th ed.). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-025776-2.
Putnam 2003, p. 216. Putnam, B. (2003). The Sculptor's Way: A Guide to Modelling and Sculpture. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-42313-5.
Rich 1994, p. 101. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Guruswamy 2000, p. 31. Guruswamy, S. (2000). Engineering properties and applications of lead alloys. Marcel Dekker. ISBN 978-0-8247-8247-4.
Audsley 1965, pp. 250–251. Audsley, G. A. (1965). The Art of Organ Building. Vol. 2. Courier. ISBN 978-0-486-21315-6.
Palmieri 2006, pp. 412–413. Palmieri, R., ed. (2006). The Organ. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-94174-7.
Gulbinska 2014. Gulbinska, M. K. (2014). Lithium-ion Battery Materials and Engineering: Current Topics and Problems from the Manufacturing Perspective. Springer. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-4471-6548-4.
Rich 1994, pp. 133–134. Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.
Zhao 2008, p. 440. Zhao, F. (2008). Information Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation. IGI Global. p. 440. ISBN 978-1-59904-902-1.
Szczepanowska 2013, pp. 84–85. Szczepanowska, H. M. (2013). Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Key Principles and Approaches. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-67474-4.
Burleson 2001, p. 23. Burleson, M. (2001). The Ceramic Glaze Handbook: Materials, Techniques, Formulas. Sterling. ISBN 9781579904395.
Zweifel 2009, p. 438. Zweifel, H. (2009). Plastics Additives Handbook. Hanser. ISBN 978-3-446-40801-2.
Wilkes et al. 2005, p. 106. Wilkes, C. E.; Summers, J. W.; Daniels, C. A.; et al. (2005). PVC Handbook. Hanser. ISBN 978-1-56990-379-7.
Amstock 1997, pp. 116–119. Amstock, J. S. (1997). Handbook of Glass in Construction. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-001619-4.
Rogalski 2010, pp. 485–541. Rogalski, A. (2010). Infrared Detectors (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-7671-4. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
Luckey & Venugopal 1979, pp. 177–178. Luckey, T. D.; Venugopal, B. (1979). Physiologic and Chemical Basis for Metal Toxicity. Plenum Press. ISBN 978-1-4684-2952-7.
Sokol 2005, p. 133, passim. Sokol, R. C. (2005). "Lead exposure and its effects on the reproductive system". In Golub, M. S. (ed.). Metals, Fertility, and Reproductive Toxicity. CRC Press. pp. 117–53. doi:10.1201/9781420023282.ch6 (inactive 12 July 2025). ISBN 978-0-415-70040-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Bremner 2002, p. 101. Bremner, H. A. (2002). Safety and Quality Issues in Fish Processing. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-85573-678-8.
Castellino N, Sannolo N, Castellino P (1994). Inorganic Lead Exposure and Intoxications. CRC Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780873719971. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017.
Prasad 2010, pp. 651–652. Prasad, P. J. (2010). Conceptual Pharmacology. Universities Press. ISBN 978-81-7371-679-9. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Lauwerys & Hoet 2001, pp. 115, 116–117. Lauwerys, R. R.; Hoet, P. (2001). Industrial Chemical Exposure: Guidelines for Biological Monitoring, Third Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-9383-8.
Petzel, Juuti & Sugimoto 2004, pp. 122–124. Petzel, S.; Juuti, M.; Sugimoto, Yu. (2004). "Environmental Stewardship with Regional Perspectives and Drivers of the Lead-free Issue". In Puttlitz, K. J.; Stalter, K. A. (eds.). Handbook of Lead-Free Solder Technology for Microelectronic Assemblies. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8247-5249-1.
Acton 2013, pp. 94–95. Acton, Q. A., ed. (2013). Issues in Global Environment—Pollution and Waste Management: 2012 Edition. ScholarlyEditions. ISBN 978-1-4816-4665-9.

canada.ca (Global: 1,712^th place; English: 1,063^rd place)

Canada, Environment and Climate Change (5 April 2018). "Moving towards using more lead-free ammunition". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 12 September 2024.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

atsdr.cdc.gov

Tarragó 2012, p. 16. Tarragó, A. (2012). "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Lead Toxicity" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Tarragó 2012, p. 11. Tarragó, A. (2012). "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Lead Toxicity" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2017.

cdc.gov

"Lead Intoxication Associated with Chewing Plastic Wire Coating – Ohio". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
"About Lead in Consumer Products | Exposure | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.

cesa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Olinsky-Paul 2013. Olinsky-Paul, T. (2013). "East Penn and Ecoult battery installation case study webinar" (PDF). Clean Energy States Alliance. Retrieved 28 February 2017.

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 9,688^th place)

Crow 2007. Crow, J. M. (2007). "Why use lead in paint?". Chemistry World. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 22 February 2017.

ciaaw.org (Global: 8,651^st place; English: low place)

"Standard Atomic Weights: Lead". CIAAW. 2020.

csicop.org (Global: 3,411^th place; English: 2,303^rd place)

Willey 1999. Willey, D. G. (1999). "The physics behind four amazing demonstrations — CSI". Skeptical Inquirer. 23 (6). Retrieved 6 September 2016.

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; English: 1,138^th place)

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

dodlive.mil (Global: 7,808^th place; English: 4,539^th place)

coastguard.dodlive.mil

Young 2012. Young, S. (2012). "Battling lead contamination, one fish bone at a time". Compass. United States Coast Guard. Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Pb(−2) has been observed in BaPb, see Ferro, Riccardo (2008). Nicholas C. Norman (ed.). Intermetallic Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 505. ISBN 978-0-08-044099-6. and Todorov, Iliya; Sevov, Slavi C. (2004). "Heavy-Metal Aromatic Rings: Cyclopentadienyl Anion Analogues Sn₅⁶⁻ and Pb₅⁶⁻ in the Zintl Phases Na₈BaPb₆, Na₈BaSn₆, and Na₈EuSn₆". Inorganic Chemistry. 43 (20): 6490–94. doi:10.1021/ic000333x.
Pb(−1) has been observed in CsPb, see Hewaidy, I. F.; Busmann, E.; Klemm, W. (1964). "Die Struktur der AB-Verbindungen der schweren Alkalimetalle mit Zinn und Blei". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 328 (5–6): 283–293. doi:10.1002/zaac.19643280511.
Pb(0) carbonyls have been observed in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3) 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. Also, Pb(0) has been observed in [Si^II(Xant)Si^II]PbFe(CO)₄; see Jian Xu; Sudip Pan; Shenglai Yao; Gernot Frenking; Matthias Driess (2022). "The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero-Valent Lead Complex ("Plumbylone")". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (38) e202209442. doi:10.1002/anie.202209442. PMC 9545849. PMID 35848899.
Siew-Peng Chia; Hong-Wei Xi; Yongxin Li; Kok Hwa Lim; Cheuk-Wai So (2013). "A Base-Stabilized Lead(I) Dimer and an Aromatic Plumbylidenide Anion". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (24): 6298–6301. doi:10.1002/anie.201301954. PMID 23629949.
Becker, M.; Förster, C.; Franzen, C.; et al. (2008). "Persistent radicals of trivalent tin and lead". Inorganic Chemistry. 47 (21): 9965–78. doi:10.1021/ic801198p. PMID 18823115.
Mosseri, S.; Henglein, A.; Janata, E. (1990). "Trivalent lead as an intermediate in the oxidation of lead(II) and the reduction of lead(IV) species". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 94 (6): 2722–26. Bibcode:1990JPhCh..94.2722M. doi:10.1021/j100369a089.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Luby, Stephen P.; Forsyth, Jenna E.; Fatmi, Zafar; Rahman, Mahbubur; Sultana, Jesmin; Plambeck, Erica L.; Miller, N Grant; Bendavid, Eran; Winch, Peter J.; Hu, Howard; Lanphear, Bruce; Landrigan, Philip J. (2024). "Removing lead from the global economy". The Lancet Planetary Health. 8 (11): e966 – e972. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00244-4. PMID 39515356.
Pyykkö 1988, pp. 563–594. Pyykkö, P. (1988). "Relativistic effects in structural chemistry". Chemical Reviews. 88 (3): 563–94. doi:10.1021/cr00085a006.
Claudio, Godwin & Magyar 2002, pp. 1–144. Claudio, Elizabeth S.; Godwin, Hilary Arnold; Magyar, John S. (2002). "Fundamental Coordination Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Lead(II)". Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 51. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 1–144. doi:10.1002/0471267287.ch1. ISBN 978-0-471-26534-4.
Christensen 2002, p. 867. Christensen, N. E. (2002). "Relativistic Solid State Theory". In Schwerdtfeger, P. (ed.). Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory — Fundamentals. Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. Vol. 11. Elsevier. pp. 867–68. doi:10.1016/s1380-7323(02)80041-3. ISBN 978-0-08-054046-7.
Slater 1964. Slater, J. C. (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 41 (10): 3199–3204. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697. ISSN 0021-9606.
Sharma et al. 2013. Sharma, H. R.; Nozawa, K.; Smerdon, J. A.; et al. (2013). "Templated three-dimensional growth of quasicrystalline lead". Nature Communications. 4 2715. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2715S. doi:10.1038/ncomms3715. PMID 24185350.
Sharma et al. 2014, p. 174710. Sharma, H. R.; Smerdon, J. A.; Nugent, P. J.; et al. (2014). "Crystalline and quasicrystalline allotropes of Pb formed on the fivefold surface of icosahedral Ag-In-Yb". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 140 (17): 174710. Bibcode:2014JChPh.140q4710S. doi:10.1063/1.4873596. PMID 24811658.
Peneva, Djuneva & Tsukeva 1981. Peneva, S. K.; Djuneva, K. D.; Tsukeva, E. A. (1981). "RHEED study of the initial stages of crystallization and oxidation of lead and tin". Journal of Crystal Growth. 53 (2): 382–396. Bibcode:1981JCrGr..53..382P. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(81)90088-9. ISSN 0022-0248.
Anderson 1869, pp. 341–343. Anderson, J. (1869). "Malleability and ductility of metals". Scientific American. 21 (22): 341–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican11271869-341.
Webb, Marsiglio & Hirsch 2015. Webb, G. W.; Marsiglio, F.; Hirsch, J. E. (2015). "Superconductivity in the elements, alloys and simple compounds". Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications. 514: 17–27. arXiv:1502.04724. Bibcode:2015PhyC..514...17W. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.037. S2CID 119290828.
Stone 1997. Stone, R. (1997). "An Element of Stability". Science. 278 (5338): 571–572. Bibcode:1997Sci...278..571S. doi:10.1126/science.278.5338.571. S2CID 117946028.
Beeman et al. 2013. Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; et al. (2013). "New experimental limits on the α decays of lead isotopes". European Physical Journal A. 49 (50): 50. arXiv:1212.2422. Bibcode:2013EPJA...49...50B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2013-13050-7. S2CID 119280082.
Smirnov, Borisevich & Sulaberidze 2012. Smirnov, A. Yu.; Borisevich, V. D.; Sulaberidze, A. (2012). "Evaluation of specific cost of obtainment of lead-208 isotope by gas centrifuges using various raw materials". Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 46 (4): 373–78. doi:10.1134/s0040579512040161. S2CID 98821122.
Wrackmeyer & Horchler 1990. Wrackmeyer, B.; Horchler, K. (1990). "²⁰⁷Pb-NMR Parameters". Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. Vol. 22. Academic Press. pp. 249–303. doi:10.1016/S0066-4103(08)60257-4. ISBN 978-0-08-058405-8.
Thürmer, Williams & Reutt-Robey 2002, pp. 2033–2035. Thürmer, K.; Williams, E.; Reutt-Robey, J. (2002). "Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces". Science. 297 (5589): 2033–35. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.2033T. doi:10.1126/science.297.5589.2033. PMID 12242437. S2CID 6166273.
Tétreault, Sirois & Stamatopoulou 1998, pp. 17–32. Tétreault, J.; Sirois, J.; Stamatopoulou, E. (1998). "Studies of lead corrosion in acetic acid environments". Studies in Conservation. 43 (1): 17–32. doi:10.2307/1506633. JSTOR 1506633.
Kaupp 2014, pp. 9–10. Kaupp, M. (2014). "Chemical bonding of main-group elements" (PDF). In Frenking, G.; Shaik, S. (eds.). The Chemical Bond: Chemical Bonding Across the Periodic Table. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–24. doi:10.1002/9783527664658.ch1. ISBN 9783527664658. S2CID 17979350.
Funke 2013. Funke, K. (2013). "Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 14 (4): 1–50. Bibcode:2013STAdM..14d3502F. doi:10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/043502. PMC 5090311. PMID 27877585.
Bharara & Atwood 2006, p. 4. Bharara, M. S.; Atwood, D. A. (2006). "Lead: Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Lead: Inorganic Chemistry by Philip G. Harrison which appeared in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition". Lead: Inorganic Chemistry. doi:10.1002/0470862106.ia118. ISBN 978-0470860786.
Silverman 1966, pp. 2067–2069. Silverman, M. S. (1966). "High-pressure (70-k) synthesis of new crystalline lead dichalcogenides". Inorganic Chemistry. 5 (11): 2067–69. doi:10.1021/ic50045a056.
Yong, Hoffmann & Fässler 2006, pp. 4774–4778. Yong, L.; Hoffmann, S. D.; Fässler, T. F. (2006). "A low-dimensional arrangement of [Pb₉]^4· clusters in [K(18-crown-6)]₂K₂Pb₉·(en)_1.5". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 359 (15): 4774–78. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2006.04.017.
Becker et al. 2008, pp. 9965–9978. Becker, M.; Förster, C.; Franzen, C.; et al. (2008). "Persistent radicals of trivalent tin and lead". Inorganic Chemistry. 47 (21): 9965–78. doi:10.1021/ic801198p. PMID 18823115.
Mosseri, Henglein & Janata 1990, pp. 2722–2726. Mosseri, S.; Henglein, A.; Janata, E. (1990). "Trivalent lead as an intermediate in the oxidation of lead(II) and the reduction of lead(IV) species". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 94 (6): 2722–26. Bibcode:1990JPhCh..94.2722M. doi:10.1021/j100369a089.
Konu & Chivers 2011, pp. 391–392. Konu, J.; Chivers, T. (2011). "Stable Radicals of the Heavy p-Block Elements". In Hicks, R. G. (ed.). Stable Radicals: Fundamentals and Applied Aspects of Odd-Electron Compounds. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470666975.ch10. ISBN 978-0-470-77083-2.
Stabenow, Saak & Weidenbruch 2003. Stabenow, F.; Saak, W.; Weidenbruch, M. (2003). "Tris(triphenylplumbyl)plumbate: An anion with three stretched lead–lead bonds". Chemical Communications (18): 2342–2343. doi:10.1039/B305217F. PMID 14518905.
Zýka 1966, p. 569. Zýka, J. (1966). "Analytical study of the basic properties of lead tetraacetate as oxidizing agent". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 13 (4): 569–81. doi:10.1351/pac196613040569. S2CID 96821219.
Lodders 2003, pp. 1222–1223. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Roederer et al. 2009, pp. 1963–1980. Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; et al. (2009). "The end of nucleosynthesis: Production of lead and thorium in the early galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–80. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. S2CID 14814446.
Lodders 2003, p. 1224. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 608–615. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 551. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 608–609. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 553. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 608–610. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 595. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 596. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 582, 609–615. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Davidson et al. 2014, pp. 4–5. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Davidson et al. 2014, p. 4. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–1843. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Wood, Hsu & Bell 2021. Wood, J. R.; Hsu, Y-T.; Bell, C. (2021). "Sending Laurion Back to the Future: Bronze Age Silver and the Source of Confusion" (PDF). Internet Archaeology. 56 (9). doi:10.11141/ia.56.9. S2CID 236973111.
Retief & Cilliers 2006, pp. 149–151. Retief, F.; Cilliers, L. P. (2006). "Lead poisoning in ancient Rome". Acta Theologica. 26 (2): 147–64 (149–51). doi:10.4314/actat.v26i2.52570.
Eschnauer & Stoeppler 1992, p. 58. Eschnauer, H. R.; Stoeppler, M. (1992). "Wine—An enological specimen bank". In Stoeppler, M. (ed.). Hazardous Materials in the Environment. Elsevier Science. pp. 49–72 (58). doi:10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70103-3. ISBN 978-0-444-89078-8.
Hodge 1981, pp. 486–491. Hodge, T. A. (1981). "Vitruvius, lead pipes and lead poisoning". American Journal of Archaeology. 85 (4): 486–91. doi:10.2307/504874. JSTOR 504874. S2CID 193094209.
Nriagu 1983, pp. 660–663. Nriagu, J. O. (1983). "Saturnine gout among Roman aristocrats — Did lead poisoning contribute to the fall of the Empire?". The New England Journal of Medicine. 308 (11): 660–63. doi:10.1056/NEJM198303173081123. PMID 6338384.
Scarborough 1984. Scarborough, J. (1984). "The myth of lead poisoning among the Romans: An essay review". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 39 (4): 469–475. doi:10.1093/jhmas/39.4.469. PMID 6389691.
Waldron 1985, pp. 107–108. Waldron, H. A. (1985). "Lead and lead poisoning in antiquity". Medical History. 29 (1): 107–08. doi:10.1017/S0025727300043878. PMC 1139494.
Reddy & Braun 2010, p. 1052. Reddy, A.; Braun, C. L. (2010). "Lead and the Romans". Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (10): 1052–55. Bibcode:2010JChEd..87.1052R. doi:10.1021/ed100631y.
Delile et al. 2014, pp. 6594–6599. Delile, H.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Goiran, J.-P.; et al. (2014). "Lead in ancient Rome's city waters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6594–99. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6594D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400097111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4020092. PMID 24753588.
Sinha et al. 1993. Sinha, S. P.; Shelly; Sharma, V.; et al. (1993). "Neurotoxic effects of lead exposure among printing press workers". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 51 (4): 490–93. Bibcode:1993BuECT..51..490S. doi:10.1007/BF00192162. PMID 8400649. S2CID 26631583.
Ashikari 2003, p. 65. Ashikari, M. (2003). "The memory of the women's white faces: Japaneseness and the ideal image of women". Japan Forum. 15 (1): 55–79. doi:10.1080/0955580032000077739. S2CID 144510689.
Nakashima et al. 1998, p. 59. Nakashima, T.; Hayashi, H.; Tashiro, H.; et al. (1998). "Gender and hierarchical differences in lead-contaminated Japanese bone from the Edo period". Journal of Occupational Health. 40 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1539/joh.40.55. S2CID 71451911.
Rabinowitz 1995, p. 66. Rabinowitz, M. B. (1995). "Imputing lead sources from blood lead isotope ratios". In Beard, M. E.; Allen Iske, S. D. (eds.). Lead in Paint, Soil, and Dust: Health Risks, Exposure Studies, Control Measures, Measurement Methods, and Quality Assurance. ASTM. pp. 63–75. doi:10.1520/stp12967s. ISBN 978-0-8031-1884-3.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–43. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Riva et al. 2012, pp. 11–16. Riva, M. A.; Lafranconi, A.; d'Orso, M. I.; et al. (2012). "Lead poisoning: Historical aspects of a paradigmatic "occupational and environmental disease"". Safety and Health at Work. 3 (1): 11–16. doi:10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.1.11. PMC 3430923. PMID 22953225.
Hernberg 2000, p. 246. Hernberg, S. (2000). "Lead Poisoning in a Historical Perspective" (PDF). American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 38 (3): 244–54. doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<244::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10940962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
Markowitz & Rosner 2000, p. 37. Markowitz, G.; Rosner, D. (2000). ""Cater to the children": the role of the lead industry in a public health tragedy, 1900–55". American Journal of Public Health. 90 (1): 36–46. doi:10.2105/ajph.90.1.36. PMC 1446124. PMID 10630135.
More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Zhang et al. 2012, pp. 2261–2273. Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Li, Y.; et al. (2012). "Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184 (4): 2261–73. Bibcode:2012EMnAs.184.2261Z. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2115-6. PMID 21573711. S2CID 20372810.
Davidson et al. 2014, p. 6. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Davidson et al. 2014, p. 17. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Davidson et al. 2014, pp. 11–12. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Davidson et al. 2014, p. 25. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Davidson et al. 2014, p. 34. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Davidson et al. 2014, p. 23. Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; et al. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Evans 1908, pp. 133–179. Evans, J. W. (1908). "V.— The meanings and synonyms of plumbago". Transactions of the Philological Society. 26 (2): 133–79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1908.tb00513.x.
Tuček, Carlsson & Wider 2006, p. 1590. Tuček, K.; Carlsson, J.; Wider, H. (2006). "Comparison of sodium and lead-cooled fast reactors regarding reactor physics aspects, severe safety and economical issues" (PDF). Nuclear Engineering and Design. 236 (14–16): 1589–98. Bibcode:2006NuEnD.236.1589T. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.04.019.
Beiner et al. 2015. Beiner, G. G.; Lavi, M.; Seri, H.; et al. (2015). "Oddy Tests: Adding the Analytical Dimension". Collection Forum. 29 (1–2): 22–36. doi:10.14351/0831-4985-29.1.22. ISSN 0831-4985.
Nriagu & Kim 2000, pp. 37–41. Nriagu, J. O.; Kim, M-J. (2000). "Emissions of lead and zinc from candles with metal-core wicks". Science of the Total Environment. 250 (1–3): 37–41. Bibcode:2000ScTEn.250...37N. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00359-4. PMID 10811249.
Bouchard et al. 2009. Bouchard, M. F.; Bellinger, D. C.; Weuve, J.; et al. (2009). "Blood Lead Levels and Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in US Young Adults". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1313–9. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.164. ISSN 0003-990X. PMC 2917196. PMID 19996036.
Cohen, Trotzky & Pincus 1981, pp. 904–906. Cohen, A. R.; Trotzky, M. S.; Pincus, D. (1981). "Reassessment of the Microcytic Anemia of Lead Poisoning". Pediatrics. 67 (6): 904–906. doi:10.1542/peds.67.6.904. PMID 7232054. S2CID 42146120.
Navas-Acien 2007. Navas-Acien, A. (2007). "Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease—A Systematic Review". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (3): 472–482. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115..472N. doi:10.1289/ehp.9785. PMC 1849948. PMID 17431501.
Sokol 2005, p. 133, passim. Sokol, R. C. (2005). "Lead exposure and its effects on the reproductive system". In Golub, M. S. (ed.). Metals, Fertility, and Reproductive Toxicity. CRC Press. pp. 117–53. doi:10.1201/9781420023282.ch6 (inactive 12 July 2025). ISBN 978-0-415-70040-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Liu et al. 2015, pp. 1869–1874. Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Pak, V.; et al. (2015). "Early blood lead levels and sleep disturbance in preadolescence". Sleep. 38 (12): 1869–74. doi:10.5665/sleep.5230. PMC 4667382. PMID 26194570.
Moore 1977, pp. 109–115. Moore, M. R. (1977). "Lead in drinking water in soft water areas—health hazards". Science of the Total Environment. 7 (2): 109–15. Bibcode:1977ScTEn...7..109M. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(77)90002-X. PMID 841299.
Wani, Ara & Usman 2015, pp. 57, 58. Wani, A. L.; Ara, A.; Usman, J. A. (2015). "Lead toxicity: A review". Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 8 (2): 55–64. doi:10.1515/intox-2015-0009. PMC 4961898. PMID 27486361.
Hesami, Reza; Salimi, Azam; Ghaderian, Seyed Majid (10 January 2018). "Lead, zinc, and cadmium uptake, accumulation, and phytoremediation by plants growing around Tang-e Douzan lead–zinc mine, Iran". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (9): 8701–8714. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.8701H. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1156-y. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29322395. S2CID 3938066.
Mielke, Howard W.; Reagan, Patrick L. (February 1998). "Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 1): 217–229. doi:10.2307/3433922. ISSN 0091-6765. JSTOR 3433922. PMC 1533263. PMID 9539015.
Assi et al. 2016. Assi, M. A.; Hezmee, M. N. M.; Haron, A. W.; et al. (2016). "The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health". Veterinary World. 9 (6): 660–671. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671. ISSN 0972-8988. PMC 4937060. PMID 27397992.
Hauser 2017, pp. 49–60. Hauser, P. C. (2017). "Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lead in the Environment". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. (eds.). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health (PDF). Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 17. de Gruyter. pp. 49–60. doi:10.1515/9783110434330-003. ISBN 9783110434330. PMID 28731296.
Grandjean 1978, pp. 303–321. Grandjean, P. (1978). "Widening perspectives of lead toxicity". Environmental Research. 17 (2): 303–21. Bibcode:1978ER.....17..303G. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(78)90033-6. PMID 400972.
Levin et al. 2008, p. 1288. Levin, R.; Brown, M. J.; Kashtock, M. E.; et al. (2008). "Lead exposures in U.S. children, 2008: Implications for prevention". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (10): 1285–93. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.1285L. doi:10.1289/ehp.11241. PMC 2569084. PMID 18941567.
Marino et al. 1990, pp. 1183–1185. Marino, P. E.; Landrigan, P. J.; Graef, J.; et al. (1990). "A case report of lead paint poisoning during renovation of a Victorian farmhouse". American Journal of Public Health. 80 (10): 1183–85. doi:10.2105/AJPH.80.10.1183. PMC 1404824. PMID 2119148.
Freeman 2012, pp. a20–a21. Freeman, K. S. (2012). "Remediating soil lead with fishbones". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (1): a20 – a21. doi:10.1289/ehp.120-a20a. PMC 3261960. PMID 22214821.
Lakshmi, P.M.; Jaison, S.; Muthukumar, T.; Muthukumar, M. (1 November 2013). "Assessment of metal accumulation capacity of Brachiaria ramosa collected from cement waste dumping area for the remediation of metal contaminated soil". Ecological Engineering. 60: 96–98. Bibcode:2013EcEng..60...96L. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.043.

dx.doi.org

Hesami, Reza; Salimi, Azam; Ghaderian, Seyed Majid (10 January 2018). "Lead, zinc, and cadmium uptake, accumulation, and phytoremediation by plants growing around Tang-e Douzan lead–zinc mine, Iran". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (9): 8701–8714. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.8701H. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1156-y. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29322395. S2CID 3938066.

ecolo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tuček, Carlsson & Wider 2006, p. 1590. Tuček, K.; Carlsson, J.; Wider, H. (2006). "Comparison of sodium and lead-cooled fast reactors regarding reactor physics aspects, severe safety and economical issues" (PDF). Nuclear Engineering and Design. 236 (14–16): 1589–98. Bibcode:2006NuEnD.236.1589T. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.04.019.

elegislation.gov.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Maximum Permitted Concentration of Certain Metals Present in Specified Foods". Cap. 132V Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) Regulations [Past Version]. Hong Kong e-Legislation. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

epa.gov (Global: 882^nd place; English: 600^th place)

Lewis 1985, p. 15. Lewis, J. (1985). "Lead Poisoning: A Historical Perspective". EPA Journal. 11 (4): 15–18. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
"Lead (Pb) Air Pollution". epa.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 8 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022. As a result of EPA's regulatory efforts, levels of lead in the air nationally decreased by 86 percent between 2010 and 2020.
"NAAQS Table". epa.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (40 CFR part 50) for six principal pollutants
"Lead Trends". epa.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1 June 2022.
"Lead Poisoning: A Historical Perspective".

epaalumni.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Auer et al. 2016, p. 4. Auer, Charles M.; Kover, Frank D.; Aidala, James V.; Greenwood, Mark (1 March 2016). Toxic Substances: A Half Century of Progress (PDF) (Report). EPA Alumni Association. Retrieved 1 January 2019.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

"Regulation - 2021/57 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 12 September 2024.

faa.gov (Global: 1,009^th place; English: 607^th place)

"Leaded Aviation Fuel and the Environment | Federal Aviation Administration". faa.gov. 20 November 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2025.

fda.gov (Global: 447^th place; English: 338^th place)

"FDA Alert Concerning Certain Cinnamon Products Due to Presence of Elevated Levels of Lead". Food and Drug Administration. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
"Investigation of Elevated Lead & Chromium Levels: Cinnamon Applesauce Pouches (November 2023)". Food and Drug Administration. 16 April 2024. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.

flyer.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Calderwood, Dave (8 March 2022). "Europe moves to ban lead in avgas". FLYER. Retrieved 28 July 2024.

flyingmag.com (Global: 7,268^th place; English: 4,243^rd place)

"When will we see unleaded AvGas?". FLYING Magazine. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

fws.gov (Global: 2,434^th place; English: 1,524^th place)

"Nontoxic Shot Regulations For Hunting Waterfowl and Coots in the U.S. | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2024.

gearjunkie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McCoy 2017. McCoy, S. (2017). "The End of Lead? Federal Gov't Order Bans Sinkers, Ammo". GearJunkie. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Pb(0) carbonyls have been observed in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3) 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. Also, Pb(0) has been observed in [Si^II(Xant)Si^II]PbFe(CO)₄; see Jian Xu; Sudip Pan; Shenglai Yao; Gernot Frenking; Matthias Driess (2022). "The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero-Valent Lead Complex ("Plumbylone")". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (38) e202209442. doi:10.1002/anie.202209442. PMC 9545849. PMID 35848899.
Mosseri, S.; Henglein, A.; Janata, E. (1990). "Trivalent lead as an intermediate in the oxidation of lead(II) and the reduction of lead(IV) species". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 94 (6): 2722–26. Bibcode:1990JPhCh..94.2722M. doi:10.1021/j100369a089.
Slater 1964. Slater, J. C. (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 41 (10): 3199–3204. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697. ISSN 0021-9606.
Sharma et al. 2013. Sharma, H. R.; Nozawa, K.; Smerdon, J. A.; et al. (2013). "Templated three-dimensional growth of quasicrystalline lead". Nature Communications. 4 2715. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2715S. doi:10.1038/ncomms3715. PMID 24185350.
Sharma et al. 2014, p. 174710. Sharma, H. R.; Smerdon, J. A.; Nugent, P. J.; et al. (2014). "Crystalline and quasicrystalline allotropes of Pb formed on the fivefold surface of icosahedral Ag-In-Yb". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 140 (17): 174710. Bibcode:2014JChPh.140q4710S. doi:10.1063/1.4873596. PMID 24811658.
Peneva, Djuneva & Tsukeva 1981. Peneva, S. K.; Djuneva, K. D.; Tsukeva, E. A. (1981). "RHEED study of the initial stages of crystallization and oxidation of lead and tin". Journal of Crystal Growth. 53 (2): 382–396. Bibcode:1981JCrGr..53..382P. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(81)90088-9. ISSN 0022-0248.
Webb, Marsiglio & Hirsch 2015. Webb, G. W.; Marsiglio, F.; Hirsch, J. E. (2015). "Superconductivity in the elements, alloys and simple compounds". Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications. 514: 17–27. arXiv:1502.04724. Bibcode:2015PhyC..514...17W. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.037. S2CID 119290828.
Stone 1997. Stone, R. (1997). "An Element of Stability". Science. 278 (5338): 571–572. Bibcode:1997Sci...278..571S. doi:10.1126/science.278.5338.571. S2CID 117946028.
Beeman et al. 2013. Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; et al. (2013). "New experimental limits on the α decays of lead isotopes". European Physical Journal A. 49 (50): 50. arXiv:1212.2422. Bibcode:2013EPJA...49...50B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2013-13050-7. S2CID 119280082.
Thürmer, Williams & Reutt-Robey 2002, pp. 2033–2035. Thürmer, K.; Williams, E.; Reutt-Robey, J. (2002). "Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces". Science. 297 (5589): 2033–35. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.2033T. doi:10.1126/science.297.5589.2033. PMID 12242437. S2CID 6166273.
Funke 2013. Funke, K. (2013). "Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 14 (4): 1–50. Bibcode:2013STAdM..14d3502F. doi:10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/043502. PMC 5090311. PMID 27877585.
Mosseri, Henglein & Janata 1990, pp. 2722–2726. Mosseri, S.; Henglein, A.; Janata, E. (1990). "Trivalent lead as an intermediate in the oxidation of lead(II) and the reduction of lead(IV) species". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 94 (6): 2722–26. Bibcode:1990JPhCh..94.2722M. doi:10.1021/j100369a089.
Lodders 2003, pp. 1222–1223. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Roederer et al. 2009, pp. 1963–1980. Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; et al. (2009). "The end of nucleosynthesis: Production of lead and thorium in the early galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–80. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. S2CID 14814446.
Lodders 2003, p. 1224. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 608–615. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 551. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 608–609. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 553. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 608–610. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 595. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, p. 596. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Burbidge et al. 1957, pp. 582, 609–615. Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; et al. (1957). "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars". Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–654. Bibcode:1957RvMP...29..547B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–1843. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Reddy & Braun 2010, p. 1052. Reddy, A.; Braun, C. L. (2010). "Lead and the Romans". Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (10): 1052–55. Bibcode:2010JChEd..87.1052R. doi:10.1021/ed100631y.
Delile et al. 2014, pp. 6594–6599. Delile, H.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Goiran, J.-P.; et al. (2014). "Lead in ancient Rome's city waters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6594–99. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6594D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400097111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4020092. PMID 24753588.
Sinha et al. 1993. Sinha, S. P.; Shelly; Sharma, V.; et al. (1993). "Neurotoxic effects of lead exposure among printing press workers". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 51 (4): 490–93. Bibcode:1993BuECT..51..490S. doi:10.1007/BF00192162. PMID 8400649. S2CID 26631583.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–43. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Zhang et al. 2012, pp. 2261–2273. Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Li, Y.; et al. (2012). "Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184 (4): 2261–73. Bibcode:2012EMnAs.184.2261Z. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2115-6. PMID 21573711. S2CID 20372810.
Tuček, Carlsson & Wider 2006, p. 1590. Tuček, K.; Carlsson, J.; Wider, H. (2006). "Comparison of sodium and lead-cooled fast reactors regarding reactor physics aspects, severe safety and economical issues" (PDF). Nuclear Engineering and Design. 236 (14–16): 1589–98. Bibcode:2006NuEnD.236.1589T. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.04.019.
Nriagu & Kim 2000, pp. 37–41. Nriagu, J. O.; Kim, M-J. (2000). "Emissions of lead and zinc from candles with metal-core wicks". Science of the Total Environment. 250 (1–3): 37–41. Bibcode:2000ScTEn.250...37N. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00359-4. PMID 10811249.
Navas-Acien 2007. Navas-Acien, A. (2007). "Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease—A Systematic Review". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (3): 472–482. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115..472N. doi:10.1289/ehp.9785. PMC 1849948. PMID 17431501.
Moore 1977, pp. 109–115. Moore, M. R. (1977). "Lead in drinking water in soft water areas—health hazards". Science of the Total Environment. 7 (2): 109–15. Bibcode:1977ScTEn...7..109M. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(77)90002-X. PMID 841299.
Hesami, Reza; Salimi, Azam; Ghaderian, Seyed Majid (10 January 2018). "Lead, zinc, and cadmium uptake, accumulation, and phytoremediation by plants growing around Tang-e Douzan lead–zinc mine, Iran". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (9): 8701–8714. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.8701H. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1156-y. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29322395. S2CID 3938066.
Grandjean 1978, pp. 303–321. Grandjean, P. (1978). "Widening perspectives of lead toxicity". Environmental Research. 17 (2): 303–21. Bibcode:1978ER.....17..303G. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(78)90033-6. PMID 400972.
Levin et al. 2008, p. 1288. Levin, R.; Brown, M. J.; Kashtock, M. E.; et al. (2008). "Lead exposures in U.S. children, 2008: Implications for prevention". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (10): 1285–93. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.1285L. doi:10.1289/ehp.11241. PMC 2569084. PMID 18941567.
Lakshmi, P.M.; Jaison, S.; Muthukumar, T.; Muthukumar, M. (1 November 2013). "Assessment of metal accumulation capacity of Brachiaria ramosa collected from cement waste dumping area for the remediation of metal contaminated soil". Ecological Engineering. 60: 96–98. Bibcode:2013EcEng..60...96L. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.043.

iaea.org (Global: 1,168^th place; English: 1,193^rd place)

www-nds.iaea.org

Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

ila-lead.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 6. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 8. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 10–11. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 11–12. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 179–184. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 183. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Tolliday 2014. Tolliday, B. (2014). "Significant growth in lead usage underlines its importance to the global economy". International Lead Association. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017. Global demand for lead has more than doubled since the early 1990s and almost 90% of use is now in lead–acid batteries
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 56. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 51. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 51–52. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 52–53. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 57. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 7. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 17. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Singh 2017. Singh, P. (2017). "Over 73% of paints found to have excessive lead: Study". Times of India. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

ipen.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ismawati et al. 2013, p. 2. Ismawati, Yuyun; Primanti, Andita; Brosché, Sara; Clark, Scott; Weinberg, Jack; Denney, Valerie (2013). Timbal dalam Cat Enamel Rumah Tangga di Indonesia (PDF) (Report) (in Indonesian). BaliFokus & IPEN. Retrieved 26 December 2018.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Tétreault, Sirois & Stamatopoulou 1998, pp. 17–32. Tétreault, J.; Sirois, J.; Stamatopoulou, E. (1998). "Studies of lead corrosion in acetic acid environments". Studies in Conservation. 43 (1): 17–32. doi:10.2307/1506633. JSTOR 1506633.
Neiburger 2018. Neiburger, E.J. (April 2018). "X-Rays, Archaeology and the Chopsticks of Death". Central States Archaeological Journal. 65 (2): 70–74. JSTOR 44715698.
Hodge 1981, pp. 486–491. Hodge, T. A. (1981). "Vitruvius, lead pipes and lead poisoning". American Journal of Archaeology. 85 (4): 486–91. doi:10.2307/504874. JSTOR 504874. S2CID 193094209.
Mielke, Howard W.; Reagan, Patrick L. (February 1998). "Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 1): 217–229. doi:10.2307/3433922. ISSN 0091-6765. JSTOR 3433922. PMC 1533263. PMID 9539015.

lead.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Winder 1993b. Winder, C. (1993b). "The history of lead — Part 3". LEAD Action News. 2 (3). ISSN 1324-6011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Winder 1993a. Winder, C. (1993a). "The history of lead — Part 1". LEAD Action News. 2 (1). ISSN 1324-6011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2016.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. "Definition of LEAD". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

Lochner, Rohrbach & Cochrane 2005, p. 12. Lochner, J. C.; Rohrbach, G.; Cochrane, K. (2005). "What is Your Cosmic Connection to the Elements?" (PDF). Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2017.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

Randerson 2002. Randerson, J. (2002). "Candle pollution". New Scientist (2348). Retrieved 7 April 2007.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pb(0) carbonyls have been observed in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3) 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. Also, Pb(0) has been observed in [Si^II(Xant)Si^II]PbFe(CO)₄; see Jian Xu; Sudip Pan; Shenglai Yao; Gernot Frenking; Matthias Driess (2022). "The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero-Valent Lead Complex ("Plumbylone")". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (38) e202209442. doi:10.1002/anie.202209442. PMC 9545849. PMID 35848899.
Siew-Peng Chia; Hong-Wei Xi; Yongxin Li; Kok Hwa Lim; Cheuk-Wai So (2013). "A Base-Stabilized Lead(I) Dimer and an Aromatic Plumbylidenide Anion". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (24): 6298–6301. doi:10.1002/anie.201301954. PMID 23629949.
Becker, M.; Förster, C.; Franzen, C.; et al. (2008). "Persistent radicals of trivalent tin and lead". Inorganic Chemistry. 47 (21): 9965–78. doi:10.1021/ic801198p. PMID 18823115.
Luby, Stephen P.; Forsyth, Jenna E.; Fatmi, Zafar; Rahman, Mahbubur; Sultana, Jesmin; Plambeck, Erica L.; Miller, N Grant; Bendavid, Eran; Winch, Peter J.; Hu, Howard; Lanphear, Bruce; Landrigan, Philip J. (2024). "Removing lead from the global economy". The Lancet Planetary Health. 8 (11): e966 – e972. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00244-4. PMID 39515356.
Sharma et al. 2013. Sharma, H. R.; Nozawa, K.; Smerdon, J. A.; et al. (2013). "Templated three-dimensional growth of quasicrystalline lead". Nature Communications. 4 2715. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2715S. doi:10.1038/ncomms3715. PMID 24185350.
Sharma et al. 2014, p. 174710. Sharma, H. R.; Smerdon, J. A.; Nugent, P. J.; et al. (2014). "Crystalline and quasicrystalline allotropes of Pb formed on the fivefold surface of icosahedral Ag-In-Yb". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 140 (17): 174710. Bibcode:2014JChPh.140q4710S. doi:10.1063/1.4873596. PMID 24811658.
Thürmer, Williams & Reutt-Robey 2002, pp. 2033–2035. Thürmer, K.; Williams, E.; Reutt-Robey, J. (2002). "Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces". Science. 297 (5589): 2033–35. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.2033T. doi:10.1126/science.297.5589.2033. PMID 12242437. S2CID 6166273.
Funke 2013. Funke, K. (2013). "Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 14 (4): 1–50. Bibcode:2013STAdM..14d3502F. doi:10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/043502. PMC 5090311. PMID 27877585.
Becker et al. 2008, pp. 9965–9978. Becker, M.; Förster, C.; Franzen, C.; et al. (2008). "Persistent radicals of trivalent tin and lead". Inorganic Chemistry. 47 (21): 9965–78. doi:10.1021/ic801198p. PMID 18823115.
Stabenow, Saak & Weidenbruch 2003. Stabenow, F.; Saak, W.; Weidenbruch, M. (2003). "Tris(triphenylplumbyl)plumbate: An anion with three stretched lead–lead bonds". Chemical Communications (18): 2342–2343. doi:10.1039/B305217F. PMID 14518905.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–1843. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Gilfillan 1965, pp. 53–60. Gilfillan, S. C. (1965). "Lead poisoning and the fall of Rome". Journal of Occupational Medicine. 7 (2): 53–60. ISSN 0096-1736. PMID 14261844.
Nriagu 1983, pp. 660–663. Nriagu, J. O. (1983). "Saturnine gout among Roman aristocrats — Did lead poisoning contribute to the fall of the Empire?". The New England Journal of Medicine. 308 (11): 660–63. doi:10.1056/NEJM198303173081123. PMID 6338384.
Scarborough 1984. Scarborough, J. (1984). "The myth of lead poisoning among the Romans: An essay review". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 39 (4): 469–475. doi:10.1093/jhmas/39.4.469. PMID 6389691.
Delile et al. 2014, pp. 6594–6599. Delile, H.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Goiran, J.-P.; et al. (2014). "Lead in ancient Rome's city waters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6594–99. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6594D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400097111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4020092. PMID 24753588.
Sinha et al. 1993. Sinha, S. P.; Shelly; Sharma, V.; et al. (1993). "Neurotoxic effects of lead exposure among printing press workers". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 51 (4): 490–93. Bibcode:1993BuECT..51..490S. doi:10.1007/BF00192162. PMID 8400649. S2CID 26631583.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–43. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Riva et al. 2012, pp. 11–16. Riva, M. A.; Lafranconi, A.; d'Orso, M. I.; et al. (2012). "Lead poisoning: Historical aspects of a paradigmatic "occupational and environmental disease"". Safety and Health at Work. 3 (1): 11–16. doi:10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.1.11. PMC 3430923. PMID 22953225.
Hernberg 2000, p. 246. Hernberg, S. (2000). "Lead Poisoning in a Historical Perspective" (PDF). American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 38 (3): 244–54. doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<244::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10940962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
Markowitz & Rosner 2000, p. 37. Markowitz, G.; Rosner, D. (2000). ""Cater to the children": the role of the lead industry in a public health tragedy, 1900–55". American Journal of Public Health. 90 (1): 36–46. doi:10.2105/ajph.90.1.36. PMC 1446124. PMID 10630135.
More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Zhang et al. 2012, pp. 2261–2273. Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Li, Y.; et al. (2012). "Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184 (4): 2261–73. Bibcode:2012EMnAs.184.2261Z. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2115-6. PMID 21573711. S2CID 20372810.
Nriagu & Kim 2000, pp. 37–41. Nriagu, J. O.; Kim, M-J. (2000). "Emissions of lead and zinc from candles with metal-core wicks". Science of the Total Environment. 250 (1–3): 37–41. Bibcode:2000ScTEn.250...37N. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00359-4. PMID 10811249.
Bouchard et al. 2009. Bouchard, M. F.; Bellinger, D. C.; Weuve, J.; et al. (2009). "Blood Lead Levels and Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in US Young Adults". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1313–9. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.164. ISSN 0003-990X. PMC 2917196. PMID 19996036.
Cohen, Trotzky & Pincus 1981, pp. 904–906. Cohen, A. R.; Trotzky, M. S.; Pincus, D. (1981). "Reassessment of the Microcytic Anemia of Lead Poisoning". Pediatrics. 67 (6): 904–906. doi:10.1542/peds.67.6.904. PMID 7232054. S2CID 42146120.
Navas-Acien 2007. Navas-Acien, A. (2007). "Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease—A Systematic Review". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (3): 472–482. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115..472N. doi:10.1289/ehp.9785. PMC 1849948. PMID 17431501.
Liu et al. 2015, pp. 1869–1874. Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Pak, V.; et al. (2015). "Early blood lead levels and sleep disturbance in preadolescence". Sleep. 38 (12): 1869–74. doi:10.5665/sleep.5230. PMC 4667382. PMID 26194570.
Moore 1977, pp. 109–115. Moore, M. R. (1977). "Lead in drinking water in soft water areas—health hazards". Science of the Total Environment. 7 (2): 109–15. Bibcode:1977ScTEn...7..109M. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(77)90002-X. PMID 841299.
Wani, Ara & Usman 2015, pp. 57, 58. Wani, A. L.; Ara, A.; Usman, J. A. (2015). "Lead toxicity: A review". Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 8 (2): 55–64. doi:10.1515/intox-2015-0009. PMC 4961898. PMID 27486361.
Hesami, Reza; Salimi, Azam; Ghaderian, Seyed Majid (10 January 2018). "Lead, zinc, and cadmium uptake, accumulation, and phytoremediation by plants growing around Tang-e Douzan lead–zinc mine, Iran". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (9): 8701–8714. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.8701H. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1156-y. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29322395. S2CID 3938066.
Mielke, Howard W.; Reagan, Patrick L. (February 1998). "Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 1): 217–229. doi:10.2307/3433922. ISSN 0091-6765. JSTOR 3433922. PMC 1533263. PMID 9539015.
Assi et al. 2016. Assi, M. A.; Hezmee, M. N. M.; Haron, A. W.; et al. (2016). "The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health". Veterinary World. 9 (6): 660–671. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671. ISSN 0972-8988. PMC 4937060. PMID 27397992.
Hauser 2017, pp. 49–60. Hauser, P. C. (2017). "Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lead in the Environment". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. (eds.). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health (PDF). Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 17. de Gruyter. pp. 49–60. doi:10.1515/9783110434330-003. ISBN 9783110434330. PMID 28731296.
Grandjean 1978, pp. 303–321. Grandjean, P. (1978). "Widening perspectives of lead toxicity". Environmental Research. 17 (2): 303–21. Bibcode:1978ER.....17..303G. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(78)90033-6. PMID 400972.
Levin et al. 2008, p. 1288. Levin, R.; Brown, M. J.; Kashtock, M. E.; et al. (2008). "Lead exposures in U.S. children, 2008: Implications for prevention". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (10): 1285–93. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.1285L. doi:10.1289/ehp.11241. PMC 2569084. PMID 18941567.
Marino et al. 1990, pp. 1183–1185. Marino, P. E.; Landrigan, P. J.; Graef, J.; et al. (1990). "A case report of lead paint poisoning during renovation of a Victorian farmhouse". American Journal of Public Health. 80 (10): 1183–85. doi:10.2105/AJPH.80.10.1183. PMC 1404824. PMID 2119148.
Freeman 2012, pp. a20–a21. Freeman, K. S. (2012). "Remediating soil lead with fishbones". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (1): a20 – a21. doi:10.1289/ehp.120-a20a. PMC 3261960. PMID 22214821.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pb(0) carbonyls have been observed in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3) 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. Also, Pb(0) has been observed in [Si^II(Xant)Si^II]PbFe(CO)₄; see Jian Xu; Sudip Pan; Shenglai Yao; Gernot Frenking; Matthias Driess (2022). "The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero-Valent Lead Complex ("Plumbylone")". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (38) e202209442. doi:10.1002/anie.202209442. PMC 9545849. PMID 35848899.
Funke 2013. Funke, K. (2013). "Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension". Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 14 (4): 1–50. Bibcode:2013STAdM..14d3502F. doi:10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/043502. PMC 5090311. PMID 27877585.
Waldron 1985, pp. 107–108. Waldron, H. A. (1985). "Lead and lead poisoning in antiquity". Medical History. 29 (1): 107–08. doi:10.1017/S0025727300043878. PMC 1139494.
Delile et al. 2014, pp. 6594–6599. Delile, H.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Goiran, J.-P.; et al. (2014). "Lead in ancient Rome's city waters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6594–99. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6594D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400097111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4020092. PMID 24753588.
Riva et al. 2012, pp. 11–16. Riva, M. A.; Lafranconi, A.; d'Orso, M. I.; et al. (2012). "Lead poisoning: Historical aspects of a paradigmatic "occupational and environmental disease"". Safety and Health at Work. 3 (1): 11–16. doi:10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.1.11. PMC 3430923. PMID 22953225.
Markowitz & Rosner 2000, p. 37. Markowitz, G.; Rosner, D. (2000). ""Cater to the children": the role of the lead industry in a public health tragedy, 1900–55". American Journal of Public Health. 90 (1): 36–46. doi:10.2105/ajph.90.1.36. PMC 1446124. PMID 10630135.
More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Bouchard et al. 2009. Bouchard, M. F.; Bellinger, D. C.; Weuve, J.; et al. (2009). "Blood Lead Levels and Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in US Young Adults". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1313–9. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.164. ISSN 0003-990X. PMC 2917196. PMID 19996036.
Navas-Acien 2007. Navas-Acien, A. (2007). "Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease—A Systematic Review". Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (3): 472–482. Bibcode:2007EnvHP.115..472N. doi:10.1289/ehp.9785. PMC 1849948. PMID 17431501.
Liu et al. 2015, pp. 1869–1874. Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Pak, V.; et al. (2015). "Early blood lead levels and sleep disturbance in preadolescence". Sleep. 38 (12): 1869–74. doi:10.5665/sleep.5230. PMC 4667382. PMID 26194570.
Wani, Ara & Usman 2015, pp. 57, 58. Wani, A. L.; Ara, A.; Usman, J. A. (2015). "Lead toxicity: A review". Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 8 (2): 55–64. doi:10.1515/intox-2015-0009. PMC 4961898. PMID 27486361.
Mielke, Howard W.; Reagan, Patrick L. (February 1998). "Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 1): 217–229. doi:10.2307/3433922. ISSN 0091-6765. JSTOR 3433922. PMC 1533263. PMID 9539015.
Assi et al. 2016. Assi, M. A.; Hezmee, M. N. M.; Haron, A. W.; et al. (2016). "The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health". Veterinary World. 9 (6): 660–671. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671. ISSN 0972-8988. PMC 4937060. PMID 27397992.
Levin et al. 2008, p. 1288. Levin, R.; Brown, M. J.; Kashtock, M. E.; et al. (2008). "Lead exposures in U.S. children, 2008: Implications for prevention". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (10): 1285–93. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.1285L. doi:10.1289/ehp.11241. PMC 2569084. PMID 18941567.
Marino et al. 1990, pp. 1183–1185. Marino, P. E.; Landrigan, P. J.; Graef, J.; et al. (1990). "A case report of lead paint poisoning during renovation of a Victorian farmhouse". American Journal of Public Health. 80 (10): 1183–85. doi:10.2105/AJPH.80.10.1183. PMC 1404824. PMID 2119148.
Freeman 2012, pp. a20–a21. Freeman, K. S. (2012). "Remediating soil lead with fishbones". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (1): a20 – a21. doi:10.1289/ehp.120-a20a. PMC 3261960. PMID 22214821.

nottingham.ac.uk (Global: 4,422^nd place; English: 2,579^th place)

eprints.nottingham.ac.uk

More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.

nps.gov (Global: 135^th place; English: 105^th place)

Vogel & Achilles 2013, p. 8. Vogel, N. A.; Achilles, R. (2013). The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass (PDF) (Report). United States Department of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2016.

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

"Researchers find lead in turmeric". phys.org. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

precaution.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–1843. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–43. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.

rachel.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hernberg 2000, p. 246. Hernberg, S. (2000). "Lead Poisoning in a Historical Perspective" (PDF). American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 38 (3): 244–54. doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<244::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10940962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.

rinet.ru (Global: 2,966^th place; English: 7,020^th place)

starling.rinet.ru

Nikolayev 2012. Nikolayev, S., ed. (2012). "*lAudh-". Indo-European Etymology. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
Vasmer 1986–1987, сурьма. Vasmer, M. (1986–1987) [1950–1958]. Trubachyov, O. N.; Larin, B. O. (eds.). Этимологический словарь русского языка [Russisches etymologisches Worterbuch] (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Progress. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

roadtraffic-technology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lead Chromate: Why it is Banned in Most Industries Apart From Road Markings". Road Traffic Technology. Verdict Media Limited. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.

scitation.org (Global: 4,352^nd place; English: 3,229^th place)

aip.scitation.org

Pb(0) carbonyls have been observed in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3) 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. Also, Pb(0) has been observed in [Si^II(Xant)Si^II]PbFe(CO)₄; see Jian Xu; Sudip Pan; Shenglai Yao; Gernot Frenking; Matthias Driess (2022). "The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero-Valent Lead Complex ("Plumbylone")". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (38) e202209442. doi:10.1002/anie.202209442. PMC 9545849. PMID 35848899.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Webb, Marsiglio & Hirsch 2015. Webb, G. W.; Marsiglio, F.; Hirsch, J. E. (2015). "Superconductivity in the elements, alloys and simple compounds". Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications. 514: 17–27. arXiv:1502.04724. Bibcode:2015PhyC..514...17W. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.037. S2CID 119290828.
Stone 1997. Stone, R. (1997). "An Element of Stability". Science. 278 (5338): 571–572. Bibcode:1997Sci...278..571S. doi:10.1126/science.278.5338.571. S2CID 117946028.
Beeman et al. 2013. Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; et al. (2013). "New experimental limits on the α decays of lead isotopes". European Physical Journal A. 49 (50): 50. arXiv:1212.2422. Bibcode:2013EPJA...49...50B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2013-13050-7. S2CID 119280082.
Smirnov, Borisevich & Sulaberidze 2012. Smirnov, A. Yu.; Borisevich, V. D.; Sulaberidze, A. (2012). "Evaluation of specific cost of obtainment of lead-208 isotope by gas centrifuges using various raw materials". Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering. 46 (4): 373–78. doi:10.1134/s0040579512040161. S2CID 98821122.
Thürmer, Williams & Reutt-Robey 2002, pp. 2033–2035. Thürmer, K.; Williams, E.; Reutt-Robey, J. (2002). "Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces". Science. 297 (5589): 2033–35. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.2033T. doi:10.1126/science.297.5589.2033. PMID 12242437. S2CID 6166273.
Kaupp 2014, pp. 9–10. Kaupp, M. (2014). "Chemical bonding of main-group elements" (PDF). In Frenking, G.; Shaik, S. (eds.). The Chemical Bond: Chemical Bonding Across the Periodic Table. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–24. doi:10.1002/9783527664658.ch1. ISBN 9783527664658. S2CID 17979350.
Zýka 1966, p. 569. Zýka, J. (1966). "Analytical study of the basic properties of lead tetraacetate as oxidizing agent". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 13 (4): 569–81. doi:10.1351/pac196613040569. S2CID 96821219.
Lodders 2003, pp. 1222–1223. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Roederer et al. 2009, pp. 1963–1980. Roederer, I. U.; Kratz, K.-L.; Frebel, A.; et al. (2009). "The end of nucleosynthesis: Production of lead and thorium in the early galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (2): 1963–80. arXiv:0904.3105. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698.1963R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1963. S2CID 14814446.
Lodders 2003, p. 1224. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–1843. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Wood, Hsu & Bell 2021. Wood, J. R.; Hsu, Y-T.; Bell, C. (2021). "Sending Laurion Back to the Future: Bronze Age Silver and the Source of Confusion" (PDF). Internet Archaeology. 56 (9). doi:10.11141/ia.56.9. S2CID 236973111.
Hodge 1981, pp. 486–491. Hodge, T. A. (1981). "Vitruvius, lead pipes and lead poisoning". American Journal of Archaeology. 85 (4): 486–91. doi:10.2307/504874. JSTOR 504874. S2CID 193094209.
Sinha et al. 1993. Sinha, S. P.; Shelly; Sharma, V.; et al. (1993). "Neurotoxic effects of lead exposure among printing press workers". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 51 (4): 490–93. Bibcode:1993BuECT..51..490S. doi:10.1007/BF00192162. PMID 8400649. S2CID 26631583.
Ashikari 2003, p. 65. Ashikari, M. (2003). "The memory of the women's white faces: Japaneseness and the ideal image of women". Japan Forum. 15 (1): 55–79. doi:10.1080/0955580032000077739. S2CID 144510689.
Nakashima et al. 1998, p. 59. Nakashima, T.; Hayashi, H.; Tashiro, H.; et al. (1998). "Gender and hierarchical differences in lead-contaminated Japanese bone from the Edo period". Journal of Occupational Health. 40 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1539/joh.40.55. S2CID 71451911.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–43. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Zhang et al. 2012, pp. 2261–2273. Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Li, Y.; et al. (2012). "Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184 (4): 2261–73. Bibcode:2012EMnAs.184.2261Z. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2115-6. PMID 21573711. S2CID 20372810.
Cohen, Trotzky & Pincus 1981, pp. 904–906. Cohen, A. R.; Trotzky, M. S.; Pincus, D. (1981). "Reassessment of the Microcytic Anemia of Lead Poisoning". Pediatrics. 67 (6): 904–906. doi:10.1542/peds.67.6.904. PMID 7232054. S2CID 42146120.
Hesami, Reza; Salimi, Azam; Ghaderian, Seyed Majid (10 January 2018). "Lead, zinc, and cadmium uptake, accumulation, and phytoremediation by plants growing around Tang-e Douzan lead–zinc mine, Iran". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (9): 8701–8714. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.8701H. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1156-y. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29322395. S2CID 3938066.

shootinguk.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Layton 2017. Layton, M. (2017). "Lead faces threat of new Euro ban". ShootingUK. shootinguk.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

sigmaaldrich.com (Global: 924^th place; English: 2,352^nd place)

"Lead 695912".

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

news.stanford.edu

Jordan, Rob (24 September 2019). "Lead found in turmeric". Stanford News. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

thehill.com (Global: 476^th place; English: 282^nd place)

Cama 2017. Cama, T. (2017). "Interior secretary repeals ban on lead bullets". The Hill. Retrieved 30 May 2018.

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

penelope.uchicago.edu

Grout 2017. Grout, J. (2017). "Lead poisoning and Rome". Encyclopaedia Romana. Retrieved 15 February 2017.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Wood, Hsu & Bell 2021. Wood, J. R.; Hsu, Y-T.; Bell, C. (2021). "Sending Laurion Back to the Future: Bronze Age Silver and the Source of Confusion" (PDF). Internet Archaeology. 56 (9). doi:10.11141/ia.56.9. S2CID 236973111.

unep.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Graedel 2010. Graedel, T. E.; et al. (2010). Metal stocks in Society – Scientific Synthesis (PDF) (Report). International Resource Panel. p. 17. ISBN 978-92-807-3082-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2017.

uni-freiburg.de (Global: 5,792^nd place; English: 9,376^th place)

ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de

Röhr 2017. Röhr, C. (2017). "Binare Zintl-Phasen" [Binary Zintl Phases]. Intermetallische Phasen [Intermettallic Phases] (in German). Universitat Freiburg. Retrieved 18 February 2017.

unibas.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

edoc.unibas.ch

Hauser 2017, pp. 49–60. Hauser, P. C. (2017). "Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lead in the Environment". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. (eds.). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health (PDF). Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 17. de Gruyter. pp. 49–60. doi:10.1515/9783110434330-003. ISBN 9783110434330. PMID 28731296.

usgs.gov (Global: 167^th place; English: 198^th place)

minerals.usgs.gov

Guberman 2016, pp. 42.14–15. Guberman, D. E. (2016). "Lead" (PDF). 2014 Minerals Yearbook (Report). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 8 May 2017.

wbur.org (Global: 2,911^th place; English: 1,596^th place)

Young, Robin; Miller-Medzon, Karyn (1 February 2023). "Dark chocolate is high in cadmium and lead. How much is safe to eat?". Here & Now. WBUR. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 6. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Vogel & Achilles 2013, p. 8. Vogel, N. A.; Achilles, R. (2013). The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass (PDF) (Report). United States Department of the Interior. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 8. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 10–11. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 11–12. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Lochner, Rohrbach & Cochrane 2005, p. 12. Lochner, J. C.; Rohrbach, G.; Cochrane, K. (2005). "What is Your Cosmic Connection to the Elements?" (PDF). Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–1843. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Winder 1993b. Winder, C. (1993b). "The history of lead — Part 3". LEAD Action News. 2 (3). ISSN 1324-6011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 179–184. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 183. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Kellett 2012, pp. 106–107. Kellett, C. (2012). Poison and Poisoning: A Compendium of Cases, Catastrophes and Crimes. Accent Press. ISBN 978-1-909335-05-9. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019.
Winder 1993a. Winder, C. (1993a). "The history of lead — Part 1". LEAD Action News. 2 (1). ISSN 1324-6011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
Hong et al. 1994, pp. 1841–43. Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; et al. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations" (PDF). Science. 265 (5180): 1841–43. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1841H. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. PMID 17797222. S2CID 45080402. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Hernberg 2000, p. 246. Hernberg, S. (2000). "Lead Poisoning in a Historical Perspective" (PDF). American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 38 (3): 244–54. doi:10.1002/1097-0274(200009)38:3<244::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10940962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Tolliday 2014. Tolliday, B. (2014). "Significant growth in lead usage underlines its importance to the global economy". International Lead Association. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017. Global demand for lead has more than doubled since the early 1990s and almost 90% of use is now in lead–acid batteries
Graedel 2010. Graedel, T. E.; et al. (2010). Metal stocks in Society – Scientific Synthesis (PDF) (Report). International Resource Panel. p. 17. ISBN 978-92-807-3082-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 56. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 51. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 51–52. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, pp. 52–53. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 57. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 7. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Tarragó 2012, p. 16. Tarragó, A. (2012). "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Lead Toxicity" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001, p. 17. Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). Lead: The Facts (PDF). International Lead Association. ISBN 978-0-9542496-0-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2017.
Tarragó 2012, p. 11. Tarragó, A. (2012). "Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Lead Toxicity" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Castellino N, Sannolo N, Castellino P (1994). Inorganic Lead Exposure and Intoxications. CRC Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780873719971. Archived from the original on 5 November 2017.
Young, Robin; Miller-Medzon, Karyn (1 February 2023). "Dark chocolate is high in cadmium and lead. How much is safe to eat?". Here & Now. WBUR. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024.
"Investigation of Elevated Lead & Chromium Levels: Cinnamon Applesauce Pouches (November 2023)". Food and Drug Administration. 16 April 2024. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
McCoy 2017. McCoy, S. (2017). "The End of Lead? Federal Gov't Order Bans Sinkers, Ammo". GearJunkie. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
Layton 2017. Layton, M. (2017). "Lead faces threat of new Euro ban". ShootingUK. shootinguk.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
"Lead Chromate: Why it is Banned in Most Industries Apart From Road Markings". Road Traffic Technology. Verdict Media Limited. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
Young 2012. Young, S. (2012). "Battling lead contamination, one fish bone at a time". Compass. United States Coast Guard. Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
Park et al. 2011, pp. 162–174. Park, J. H.; Bolan, N.; Meghara, M.; et al. (2011). "Bacterial-assisted immobilization of lead in soils: Implications for remediation" (PDF). Pedologist: 162–74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2015.

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

en.wikisource.org

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (1914) [c. 15 BC]. De architectura. Book 8, 10–11 fulltext.

wiley-vch.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

application.wiley-vch.de

Kaupp 2014, pp. 9–10. Kaupp, M. (2014). "Chemical bonding of main-group elements" (PDF). In Frenking, G.; Shaik, S. (eds.). The Chemical Bond: Chemical Bonding Across the Periodic Table. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–24. doi:10.1002/9783527664658.ch1. ISBN 9783527664658. S2CID 17979350.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Claudio, Godwin & Magyar 2002, pp. 1–144. Claudio, Elizabeth S.; Godwin, Hilary Arnold; Magyar, John S. (2002). "Fundamental Coordination Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, and Biochemistry of Lead(II)". Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 51. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 1–144. doi:10.1002/0471267287.ch1. ISBN 978-0-471-26534-4.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Pb(0) carbonyls have been observed in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls Pb_nCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3) 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. Also, Pb(0) has been observed in [Si^II(Xant)Si^II]PbFe(CO)₄; see Jian Xu; Sudip Pan; Shenglai Yao; Gernot Frenking; Matthias Driess (2022). "The Heaviest Bottleable Metallylone: Synthesis of a Monatomic, Zero-Valent Lead Complex ("Plumbylone")". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (38) e202209442. doi:10.1002/anie.202209442. PMC 9545849. PMID 35848899.
Slater 1964. Slater, J. C. (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 41 (10): 3199–3204. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697. ISSN 0021-9606.
Peneva, Djuneva & Tsukeva 1981. Peneva, S. K.; Djuneva, K. D.; Tsukeva, E. A. (1981). "RHEED study of the initial stages of crystallization and oxidation of lead and tin". Journal of Crystal Growth. 53 (2): 382–396. Bibcode:1981JCrGr..53..382P. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(81)90088-9. ISSN 0022-0248.
Lodders 2003, pp. 1222–1223. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Lodders 2003, p. 1224. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Winder 1993b. Winder, C. (1993b). "The history of lead — Part 3". LEAD Action News. 2 (3). ISSN 1324-6011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
Gilfillan 1965, pp. 53–60. Gilfillan, S. C. (1965). "Lead poisoning and the fall of Rome". Journal of Occupational Medicine. 7 (2): 53–60. ISSN 0096-1736. PMID 14261844.
Delile et al. 2014, pp. 6594–6599. Delile, H.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Goiran, J.-P.; et al. (2014). "Lead in ancient Rome's city waters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6594–99. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6594D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1400097111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4020092. PMID 24753588.
Winder 1993a. Winder, C. (1993a). "The history of lead — Part 1". LEAD Action News. 2 (1). ISSN 1324-6011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
More et al. 2017. More, A. F.; Spaulding, N. E.; Bohleber, P.; et al. (2017). "Next-generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death" (PDF). GeoHealth. 1 (4): 211–219. Bibcode:2017GHeal...1..211M. doi:10.1002/2017GH000064. ISSN 2471-1403. PMC 7007106. PMID 32158988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Beiner et al. 2015. Beiner, G. G.; Lavi, M.; Seri, H.; et al. (2015). "Oddy Tests: Adding the Analytical Dimension". Collection Forum. 29 (1–2): 22–36. doi:10.14351/0831-4985-29.1.22. ISSN 0831-4985.
Bouchard et al. 2009. Bouchard, M. F.; Bellinger, D. C.; Weuve, J.; et al. (2009). "Blood Lead Levels and Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in US Young Adults". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1313–9. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.164. ISSN 0003-990X. PMC 2917196. PMID 19996036.
Hesami, Reza; Salimi, Azam; Ghaderian, Seyed Majid (10 January 2018). "Lead, zinc, and cadmium uptake, accumulation, and phytoremediation by plants growing around Tang-e Douzan lead–zinc mine, Iran". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (9): 8701–8714. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.8701H. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-1156-y. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 29322395. S2CID 3938066.
Mielke, Howard W.; Reagan, Patrick L. (February 1998). "Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 106 (Suppl 1): 217–229. doi:10.2307/3433922. ISSN 0091-6765. JSTOR 3433922. PMC 1533263. PMID 9539015.
Renfrew 2019, p. 8. Renfrew, Daniel (2019). Life without lead: contamination, crisis, and hope in Uruguay. Oakland, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-96824-0. OCLC 1102765674.
Assi et al. 2016. Assi, M. A.; Hezmee, M. N. M.; Haron, A. W.; et al. (2016). "The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health". Veterinary World. 9 (6): 660–671. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671. ISSN 0972-8988. PMC 4937060. PMID 27397992.

wustl.edu (Global: 3,160^th place; English: 2,065^th place)

solarsystem.wustl.edu

Lodders 2003, pp. 1222–1223. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.
Lodders 2003, p. 1224. Lodders, K. (2003). "Solar System abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–47. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 42498829.

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)

Stempel, Jonathan (23 January 2023). "Consumer Reports urges dark chocolate makers to reduce lead, cadmium levels". Yahoo Life. Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2023.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Anderson 1869, pp. 341–343. Anderson, J. (1869). "Malleability and ductility of metals". Scientific American. 21 (22): 341–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican11271869-341.
Evans 1908, pp. 133–179. Evans, J. W. (1908). "V.— The meanings and synonyms of plumbago". Transactions of the Philological Society. 26 (2): 133–79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1908.tb00513.x.

Lead (English Wikipedia)

aappublications.org (Global: 3,763rd place; English: 3,602nd place)

pediatrics.aappublications.org

affrc.go.jp (Global: 4,627th place; English: low place)

pedology.ac.affrc.go.jp

apnews.com (Global: 129th place; English: 89th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

canada.ca (Global: 1,712th place; English: 1,063rd place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218th place; English: 212th place)

atsdr.cdc.gov

cdc.gov

cesa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 9,688th place)

ciaaw.org (Global: 8,651st place; English: low place)

csicop.org (Global: 3,411th place; English: 2,303rd place)

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425th place; English: 1,138th place)

dodlive.mil (Global: 7,808th place; English: 4,539th place)

coastguard.dodlive.mil

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

doi.org

dx.doi.org

ecolo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

elegislation.gov.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

epa.gov (Global: 882nd place; English: 600th place)

epaalumni.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

faa.gov (Global: 1,009th place; English: 607th place)

fda.gov (Global: 447th place; English: 338th place)

flyer.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

flyingmag.com (Global: 7,268th place; English: 4,243rd place)

fws.gov (Global: 2,434th place; English: 1,524th place)

gearjunkie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

iaea.org (Global: 1,168th place; English: 1,193rd place)

www-nds.iaea.org

ila-lead.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 17th place; English: 15th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

ipen.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

lead.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209th place; English: 191st place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

newscientist.com (Global: 774th place; English: 716th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nottingham.ac.uk (Global: 4,422nd place; English: 2,579th place)

eprints.nottingham.ac.uk

nps.gov (Global: 135th place; English: 105th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,283rd place; English: 1,130th place)

precaution.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

rachel.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

rinet.ru (Global: 2,966th place; English: 7,020th place)

starling.rinet.ru

roadtraffic-technology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

scitation.org (Global: 4,352nd place; English: 3,229th place)

aip.scitation.org

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shootinguk.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

sigmaaldrich.com (Global: 924th place; English: 2,352nd place)

stanford.edu (Global: 179th place; English: 183rd place)

news.stanford.edu

thehill.com (Global: 476th place; English: 282nd place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230th place; English: 214th place)

penelope.uchicago.edu

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306th place; English: 885th place)

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

unep.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

uni-freiburg.de (Global: 5,792nd place; English: 9,376th place)

ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de

unibas.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

edoc.unibas.ch

usgs.gov (Global: 167th place; English: 198th place)

aappublications.org (Global: 3,763^rd place; English: 3,602^nd place)

affrc.go.jp (Global: 4,627^th place; English: low place)

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

canada.ca (Global: 1,712^th place; English: 1,063^rd place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 9,688^th place)

ciaaw.org (Global: 8,651^st place; English: low place)

csicop.org (Global: 3,411^th place; English: 2,303^rd place)

degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; English: 1,138^th place)

dodlive.mil (Global: 7,808^th place; English: 4,539^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

epa.gov (Global: 882^nd place; English: 600^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

faa.gov (Global: 1,009^th place; English: 607^th place)

fda.gov (Global: 447^th place; English: 338^th place)

flyingmag.com (Global: 7,268^th place; English: 4,243^rd place)

fws.gov (Global: 2,434^th place; English: 1,524^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

iaea.org (Global: 1,168^th place; English: 1,193^rd place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nottingham.ac.uk (Global: 4,422^nd place; English: 2,579^th place)

nps.gov (Global: 135^th place; English: 105^th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

rinet.ru (Global: 2,966^th place; English: 7,020^th place)

scitation.org (Global: 4,352^nd place; English: 3,229^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

sigmaaldrich.com (Global: 924^th place; English: 2,352^nd place)

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

thehill.com (Global: 476^th place; English: 282^nd place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,306^th place; English: 885^th place)

uni-freiburg.de (Global: 5,792^nd place; English: 9,376^th place)

usgs.gov (Global: 167^th place; English: 198^th place)

wbur.org (Global: 2,911^th place; English: 1,596^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

wustl.edu (Global: 3,160^th place; English: 2,065^th place)

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)