Leclanché, "une pile à oxyde insoluble" [an insoluble oxide battery], French patent no. 71,865 (issued: 8 June 1866) in: French Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce (1881). Description des machines et procédés pour lesquels des brevets d'invention ont été pris … [Descriptions of machines and procedures for which patents have been taken …] (in French). Vol. 98. Paris, France: Imprimerie Nationale. pp. 33–34.
Morgan, Alfred P. (1913). The Boy Electrician. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Separd Co. p. 58.