Lens (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Lens" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

19web.archive.org

1^st place

10doi.org

2^nd place

7books.google.com

3^rd place

5nih.gov

4^th place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

2archive.org

6^th place

2tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1britishmuseum.org

1,505^th place

1,194^th place

1gutenberg.org

489^th place

377^th place

1rice.edu

3,843^rd place

2,772^nd place

1nobelprize.org

301^st place

478^th place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

1libretexts.org

3,627^th place

2,467^th place

1ubc.ca

1,997^th place

1,295^th place

1stackexchange.com

1,983^rd place

1,330^th place

1gsu.edu

1,911^th place

1,817^th place

1physicslab.org

low place

1physicsclassroom.com

low place

1ucsd.edu

1,933^rd place

1,342^nd place

1rp-photonics.com

low place

9,678^th place

1arizona.edu

1,592^nd place

1,119^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

1duke.edu

1,880^th place

1,218^th place

1scientificamerican.com

896^th place

674^th place

archive.org

The variant spelling lense is sometimes seen. While it is listed as an alternative spelling in some dictionaries, most mainstream dictionaries do not list it as acceptable.
- Brians, Paul (2003). Common Errors in English. Franklin, Beedle & Associates. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-887902-89-2. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
- Greivenkamp 2004, p. 14
  Hecht 1987, § 6.1 Greivenkamp, John E. (2004). Field Guide to Geometrical Optics. SPIE Field Guides vol. FG01. SPIE. ISBN 978-0-8194-5294-8. Hecht, Eugene (1987). Optics (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-11609-0. Chapters 5 & 6.

arizona.edu

optics.arizona.edu

Proteep Mallik (2005). "The Axicon" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2007.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Whitehouse, David (1 July 1999). "World's oldest telescope?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2008.

books.google.com

D. Brewster (1852). "On an account of a rock-crystal lens and decomposed glass found in Niniveh". Die Fortschritte der Physik (in German). Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. p. 355.
Tilton, Buck (2005). The Complete Book of Fire: Building Campfires for Warmth, Light, Cooking, and Survival. Menasha Ridge Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-89732-633-9.
Glick, Thomas F.; Steven John Livesey; Faith Wallis (2005). Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
Henry C. King (28 September 2003). The History of the Telescope. Courier Dover Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-486-43265-6. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
Paul S. Agutter; Denys N. Wheatley (12 December 2008). Thinking about Life: The History and Philosophy of Biology and Other Sciences. Springer. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4020-8865-0. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
Vincent Ilardi (2007). Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes. American Philosophical Society. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-87169-259-7. Retrieved 6 June 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
Fred Watson (1 October 2007). Stargazer: The Life and Times of the Telescope. Allen & Unwin. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-74175-383-7. Retrieved 6 June 2012.

britishmuseum.org

"The Nimrud lens/The Layard lens". Collection database. The British Museum. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.

doi.org

Sines, George; Sakellarakis, Yannis A. (1987). "Lenses in antiquity". American Journal of Archaeology. 91 (2): 191–196. doi:10.2307/505216. JSTOR 505216. S2CID 191384703.
Kriss, Timothy C.; Kriss, Vesna Martich (April 1998). "History of the Operating Microscope: From Magnifying Glass to Microneurosurgery". Neurosurgery. 42 (4): 899–907. doi:10.1097/00006123-199804000-00116. PMID 9574655.
Julia, Elton (18 July 2013). "A Light to Lighten our Darkenss: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780-1900". The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology. 79 (2): 72–76. doi:10.1179/175812109X449612 – via Taylor & Francis.
Paschotta, Dr Rüdiger. "focal distance". www.rp-photonics.com. doi:10.61835/6as. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
Grbic, A.; Eleftheriades, G. V. (2004). "Overcoming the Diffraction Limit with a Planar Left-handed Transmission-line Lens". Physical Review Letters. 92 (11): 117403. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92k7403G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.117403. PMID 15089166.
Valentine, J.; et al. (2008). "Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index". Nature. 455 (7211): 376–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..376V. doi:10.1038/nature07247. PMID 18690249. S2CID 4314138.
Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Stacy, Angelica M.; Zhang, Xiang (15 August 2008). "Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires". Science. 321 (5891): 930. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..930Y. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.4426. doi:10.1126/science.1157566. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703734. S2CID 20978013.
Nielsen, R.B.; Thoreson, M.D.; Chen, W.; Kristensen, A.; Hvam, J.M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. (2010). "Toward superlensing with metal–dielectric composites and multilayers" (PDF). Applied Physics B. 100 (1): 93. Bibcode:2010ApPhB.100...93N. doi:10.1007/s00340-010-4065-z. S2CID 39903291. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2013.
Patel, Prachi (2015). "Good-Bye to Curved Lens: New Lens Is Flat". Scientific American. 312 (5): 22. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0515-22b. PMID 26336702. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
Schottner, G (May 2003). "Scratch and Abrasion Resistant Coatings on Plastic Lenses—State of the Art, Current Developments and Perspectives". Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Vol. 27. pp. 71–79. doi:10.1023/A:1022684011222.

duke.edu

cmip.pratt.duke.edu

Nielsen, R.B.; Thoreson, M.D.; Chen, W.; Kristensen, A.; Hvam, J.M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. (2010). "Toward superlensing with metal–dielectric composites and multilayers" (PDF). Applied Physics B. 100 (1): 93. Bibcode:2010ApPhB.100...93N. doi:10.1007/s00340-010-4065-z. S2CID 39903291. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2013.

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Nave, Carl R. "Thin Lens Equation". Hyperphysics. Georgia State University. Archived from the original on 12 October 2000. Retrieved 17 March 2015.

gutenberg.org

Aristophanes (22 January 2013) [First performed in 423 BC]. The Clouds. Translated by Hickie, William James. Project Gutenberg. EBook #2562.[1] Archived 28 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Grbic, A.; Eleftheriades, G. V. (2004). "Overcoming the Diffraction Limit with a Planar Left-handed Transmission-line Lens". Physical Review Letters. 92 (11): 117403. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92k7403G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.117403. PMID 15089166.
Valentine, J.; et al. (2008). "Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index". Nature. 455 (7211): 376–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..376V. doi:10.1038/nature07247. PMID 18690249. S2CID 4314138.
Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Stacy, Angelica M.; Zhang, Xiang (15 August 2008). "Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires". Science. 321 (5891): 930. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..930Y. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.4426. doi:10.1126/science.1157566. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703734. S2CID 20978013.
Nielsen, R.B.; Thoreson, M.D.; Chen, W.; Kristensen, A.; Hvam, J.M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. (2010). "Toward superlensing with metal–dielectric composites and multilayers" (PDF). Applied Physics B. 100 (1): 93. Bibcode:2010ApPhB.100...93N. doi:10.1007/s00340-010-4065-z. S2CID 39903291. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2013.

jstor.org

Sines, George; Sakellarakis, Yannis A. (1987). "Lenses in antiquity". American Journal of Archaeology. 91 (2): 191–196. doi:10.2307/505216. JSTOR 505216. S2CID 191384703.

libretexts.org

phys.libretexts.org

"4.4: Spherical Refractors". Physics LibreTexts. 2 July 2019. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kriss, Timothy C.; Kriss, Vesna Martich (April 1998). "History of the Operating Microscope: From Magnifying Glass to Microneurosurgery". Neurosurgery. 42 (4): 899–907. doi:10.1097/00006123-199804000-00116. PMID 9574655.
Grbic, A.; Eleftheriades, G. V. (2004). "Overcoming the Diffraction Limit with a Planar Left-handed Transmission-line Lens". Physical Review Letters. 92 (11): 117403. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92k7403G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.117403. PMID 15089166.
Valentine, J.; et al. (2008). "Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index". Nature. 455 (7211): 376–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..376V. doi:10.1038/nature07247. PMID 18690249. S2CID 4314138.
Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Stacy, Angelica M.; Zhang, Xiang (15 August 2008). "Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires". Science. 321 (5891): 930. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..930Y. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.4426. doi:10.1126/science.1157566. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703734. S2CID 20978013.
Patel, Prachi (2015). "Good-Bye to Curved Lens: New Lens Is Flat". Scientific American. 312 (5): 22. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0515-22b. PMID 26336702. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.

nobelprize.org

Microscopes: Time Line Archived 9 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 April 2009

physicsclassroom.com

"The Mathematics of Lenses". The Physics Classroom. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.

physicslab.org

dev.physicslab.org

Colwell, Catharine H. "Resource Lesson: Thin Lens Equation". PhysicsLab.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Stacy, Angelica M.; Zhang, Xiang (15 August 2008). "Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires". Science. 321 (5891): 930. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..930Y. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.4426. doi:10.1126/science.1157566. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703734. S2CID 20978013.

rice.edu

galileo.rice.edu

Al Van Helden. The Galileo Project > Science > The Telescope Archived 23 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. Galileo.rice.edu. Retrieved on 6 June 2012.

rp-photonics.com

Paschotta, Dr Rüdiger. "focal distance". www.rp-photonics.com. doi:10.61835/6as. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.

scientificamerican.com

Patel, Prachi (2015). "Good-Bye to Curved Lens: New Lens Is Flat". Scientific American. 312 (5): 22. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0515-22b. PMID 26336702. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sines, George; Sakellarakis, Yannis A. (1987). "Lenses in antiquity". American Journal of Archaeology. 91 (2): 191–196. doi:10.2307/505216. JSTOR 505216. S2CID 191384703.
Valentine, J.; et al. (2008). "Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index". Nature. 455 (7211): 376–9. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..376V. doi:10.1038/nature07247. PMID 18690249. S2CID 4314138.
Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Stacy, Angelica M.; Zhang, Xiang (15 August 2008). "Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires". Science. 321 (5891): 930. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..930Y. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.4426. doi:10.1126/science.1157566. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703734. S2CID 20978013.
Nielsen, R.B.; Thoreson, M.D.; Chen, W.; Kristensen, A.; Hvam, J.M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. (2010). "Toward superlensing with metal–dielectric composites and multilayers" (PDF). Applied Physics B. 100 (1): 93. Bibcode:2010ApPhB.100...93N. doi:10.1007/s00340-010-4065-z. S2CID 39903291. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2013.

stackexchange.com

physics.stackexchange.com

"Rule sign for concave and convex lens?". Physics Stack Exchange. Retrieved 27 October 2024.

tandfonline.com

Julia, Elton (18 July 2013). "A Light to Lighten our Darkenss: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780-1900". The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology. 79 (2): 72–76. doi:10.1179/175812109X449612 – via Taylor & Francis.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (trans. John Bostock) Book XXXVII, Chap. 10 Archived 4 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (trans. John Bostock) Book XXXVII, Chap. 16 Archived 28 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine

ubc.ca

personal.math.ubc.ca

"Refraction at Spherical Surfaces". personal.math.ubc.ca. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2023.

ucsd.edu

courses.physics.ucsd.edu

Vlasenko, Alexey (2011). "Lecture 9 Notes: 07 / 13 - Multiple-lens systems" (PDF). Physics 1C, Summer Session I, 2011 - University of California San Diego. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.

web.archive.org

Whitehouse, David (1 July 1999). "World's oldest telescope?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
"The Nimrud lens/The Layard lens". Collection database. The British Museum. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
Aristophanes (22 January 2013) [First performed in 423 BC]. The Clouds. Translated by Hickie, William James. Project Gutenberg. EBook #2562.[1] Archived 28 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (trans. John Bostock) Book XXXVII, Chap. 10 Archived 4 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (trans. John Bostock) Book XXXVII, Chap. 16 Archived 28 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Glick, Thomas F.; Steven John Livesey; Faith Wallis (2005). Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
Al Van Helden. The Galileo Project > Science > The Telescope Archived 23 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. Galileo.rice.edu. Retrieved on 6 June 2012.
Henry C. King (28 September 2003). The History of the Telescope. Courier Dover Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-486-43265-6. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
Microscopes: Time Line Archived 9 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 April 2009
"4.4: Spherical Refractors". Physics LibreTexts. 2 July 2019. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
"Refraction at Spherical Surfaces". personal.math.ubc.ca. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
Nave, Carl R. "Thin Lens Equation". Hyperphysics. Georgia State University. Archived from the original on 12 October 2000. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
Colwell, Catharine H. "Resource Lesson: Thin Lens Equation". PhysicsLab.org. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
"The Mathematics of Lenses". The Physics Classroom. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
Vlasenko, Alexey (2011). "Lecture 9 Notes: 07 / 13 - Multiple-lens systems" (PDF). Physics 1C, Summer Session I, 2011 - University of California San Diego. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
Paschotta, Dr Rüdiger. "focal distance". www.rp-photonics.com. doi:10.61835/6as. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
Proteep Mallik (2005). "The Axicon" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
Nielsen, R.B.; Thoreson, M.D.; Chen, W.; Kristensen, A.; Hvam, J.M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A. (2010). "Toward superlensing with metal–dielectric composites and multilayers" (PDF). Applied Physics B. 100 (1): 93. Bibcode:2010ApPhB.100...93N. doi:10.1007/s00340-010-4065-z. S2CID 39903291. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2013.
Patel, Prachi (2015). "Good-Bye to Curved Lens: New Lens Is Flat". Scientific American. 312 (5): 22. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0515-22b. PMID 26336702. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Yao, Jie; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Stacy, Angelica M.; Zhang, Xiang (15 August 2008). "Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires". Science. 321 (5891): 930. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..930Y. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.4426. doi:10.1126/science.1157566. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703734. S2CID 20978013.