Leopard (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Leopard" in English language version.

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Allen, J. A. (1902). "Mammal names proposed by Oken in his 'Lehrbuch der Zoologie'". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 16 (27): 373−379. Archived from the original on 2023-12-09. Retrieved 2024-03-14.

archive.org

Lewis, C. T. & Short, C. (1879). "lěǒpardus". A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1069.
Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (1889). "λέο-πάρδος". A Greek–English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 884.
Partridge, E. (1983). Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. New York: Greenwich House. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-517-41425-5.
Lewis, C. T. & Short, C. (1879). "panthera". A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1298.
Lewis, C. T. & Short, C. (1879). "pardus". A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1302.
Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis pardus". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. Tomus I (decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. pp. 41−42. (in Latin)
Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 (Second ed.). London: British Museum of Natural History. pp. 315–317.
Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The Classification of existing Felidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. XX: 329–350. doi:10.1080/00222931709487018.
Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Panthera pardus". The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia: Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 222–239.
Hemprich, W.; Ehrenberg, C. G. (1830). "Felis, pardus?, nimr". In Dr. C. G. Ehrenberg (ed.). Symbolae Physicae, seu Icones et Descriptiones Mammalium quae ex Itinere per Africam Borealem et Asiam Occidentalem Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg. Decas Secunda. Zoologica I. Mammalia II. Berolini: Officina Academica. pp. Plate 17.
Gray, J. E. (1862). "Description of some new species of Mammalia". Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of London. 30: 261−263, plate XXXIII. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1862.tb06524.x.
Schmid, E. (1940). "Variationstatistische Untersuchungen am Gebiss pleistozäner und rezenter Leoparden und anderer Feliden". Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 15: 1–179.
Mivart, St. G. J. (1900). "Different kind of Cats". The Cat: An Introduction to the Study of Backboned Animals, Especially Mammals. London: John Murray. pp. 391–439.
Heptner, V. G. & Sludskii, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Bars (leopard)". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 203–273. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
Divyabhanusinh (1993). "On mutant leopards Panthera pardus from India". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 90 (1): 88−89.
Pedersen, C. F. (1971). The International Flag Book in Color. Morrow.
Anderson, K. (1954). "The Spotted Devil of Gummalapur". Nine Man-Eaters and one Rogue. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 36–51.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Prater, S. H. (1921). "Record panther skull (P. p. pardus)". The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. XXVII (Part IV): 933–935. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-08-24.

biosoil.ru

Uphyrkina, O.; Johnson, E. W.; Quigley, H.; Miquelle, D.; Marker, L.; Bush, M. & O'Brien, S. J. (2001). "Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 10 (11): 2617–2633. Bibcode:2001MolEc..10.2617U. doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01350.x. PMID 11883877. S2CID 304770. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-09-10.

books.google.com

Oken, L. (1816). "1. Art, Panthera". Lehrbuch der Zoologie. 2. Abtheilung. Jena: August Schmid & Comp. p. 1052. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
Meyer, F. A. A. (1794). "Über de la Metheries schwarzen Panther". Zoologische Annalen. Erster Band. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs. pp. 394–396. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
Kawata, K. (2001). "Zoological gardens of Japan". In Kisling, V.N. (ed.). Zoo and Aquarium History : Ancient Animal Collections to Zoological Gardens. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 295–329. ISBN 978-0-8493-2100-9. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
Mills, M. G. L. (2005). "Subfamily Pantherinae". In Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, C. T. (eds.). The mammals of the southern African sub region (Third ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 385–396. ISBN 9780521844185. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Hoath, R. (2009). "Leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-977-416-254-1. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Estes, R. (1991). "Leopard Panthera pardus". The Behavior Guide to African Mammals, Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. Los Angeles: The University of California Press. pp. 366–369. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Hunter, L.; Henschel, P. & Ray, J. C. (2013). "Panthera pardus Leopard". In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M. & Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 159–168. ISBN 978-1-4081-8996-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Nowak, R. M. (1999). "Panthera pardus (Leopard)". Walker's Mammals of the World (Sixth ed.). Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 828–831. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Sunquist, M. E. & Sunquist, F. (2002). "Leopard Panthera pardus". Wild Cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 318–342. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Bothma, Jacobus du P.; Walker, Clive (2013-11-11). Larger Carnivores of the African Savannas. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-03766-9. Archived from the original on 2024-01-06. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
Schaller, G. (1972). Serengeti: a kingdom of predators. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-47242-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
Haist, M. (1999). "The Lion, bloodline, and kingship". In Hassig, D. (ed.). The Mark of the Beast: The Medieval Bestiary in Art, Life, and Literature. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 3–16. ISBN 978-0-8153-2952-7. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2021-09-07.

brainmuseum.org

"Leopard (Panthera pardus); Physical characteristics and distribution". Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections. Archived from the original on 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2008-06-07.

britishmuseum.org

"Benin: an African kingdom" (PDF). London: British Museum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-08-05. Retrieved 2016-03-29.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Panthera pardus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 547. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

cambridge.org

Marciszak, A.; Lipecki, G.; Gornig, W.; Matyaszczyk, L.; Oszczepalińska, O.; Nowakowski, D.; Talamo, S. (2022). "The first radiocarbon-dated remains of the Leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Pleistocene of Poland". Radiocarbon. 64 (6): 1359–1372. Bibcode:2022Radcb..64.1359M. doi:10.1017/RDC.2022.33. hdl:11585/887180. S2CID 255850069. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2023-07-18.

catsg.org

Spalton, J. A. & Al Hikmani, H. M. (2006). "The Leopard in the Arabian Peninsula – Distribution and subspecies status" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 4–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-06-19.
Spalton, J. A. & Al Hikmani, H. M. (2006). "The Leopard in the Arabian Peninsula – Distribution and subspecies status" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 4–8.
Judas, J.; Paillat, P.; Khoja, A. & Boug, A. (2006). "Status of the Arabian leopard in Saudi Arabia" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 11–19.
Al Jumaily, M.; Mallon, D. P.; Nasher, A. K. & Thowabeh, N. (2006). "Status Report on Arabian Leopard in Yemen" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 20–25.
Rozhnov, V.V.; Yachmennikova, A.A.; Dronova, N.A.; Naidenko, S.V.; Hernandez-Blanco, J.A.; Chistopolova, M.D.; Pkhitikov, A.B.; Tembotova, F.A.; Trepet, S.A. & Chestin, I.E. (2022). "Experience of the leopard re-covering through reintroduction in the Russian Caucasus" (PDF). Cat News (Special issue): 67–71. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-11-11. Retrieved 2023-11-11.

conservationindia.org

Arthreya, V. (2012). "Living with Leopards Outside Protected Areas in India". Conservation India. Archived from the original on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2012-12-10.

csulb.edu

web.csulb.edu

Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05.

cuny.edu

geo.hunter.cuny.edu

Murphey, R. (1951). "The Decline of North Africa Since the Roman Occupation: Climatic or Human?" (PDF). Annals of the Association of American Geographers. XLI (2): 116–132. doi:10.1080/00045605109352048. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-09-14.

doi.org

Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The Classification of existing Felidae". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. XX: 329–350. doi:10.1080/00222931709487018.
Miththapala, S.; Seidensticker, J. & O'Brien, S. J. (1996). "Phylogeographic subspecies recognition in leopards (Panthera pardus): molecular genetic variation" (PDF). Conservation Biology. 10 (4): 1115–1132. Bibcode:1996ConBi..10.1115M. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041115.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-02-17. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
Uphyrkina, O.; Johnson, E. W.; Quigley, H.; Miquelle, D.; Marker, L.; Bush, M. & O'Brien, S. J. (2001). "Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 10 (11): 2617–2633. Bibcode:2001MolEc..10.2617U. doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01350.x. PMID 11883877. S2CID 304770. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-09-10.
Laguardia, A.; Kamler, J. F.; Li, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, Z. & Shi, K. (2017). "The current distribution and status of leopards Panthera pardus in China". Oryx. 51 (1): 153−159. doi:10.1017/S0030605315000988.
Wibisono, H.; Wilianto, E.; Pinondang, I.; Rahman, D.A. & Chandradewi, D. (2021). "Panthera pardus ssp. melas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T15962A50660931. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T15962A50660931.en. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
Ghoddousi, A. & Khorozyan, I. (2023). "Panthera pardus ssp. tulliana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T15961A50660903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T15961A50660903.en. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
Khorozyan, I. G.; Gennady, F.; Baryshnikov, G. F. & Abramov, A. V. (2006). "Taxonomic status of the leopard, Panthera pardus (Carnivora, Felidae) in the Caucasus and adjacent areas". Russian Journal of Theriology. 5 (1): 41–52. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.05.1.06.
Gray, J. E. (1862). "Description of some new species of Mammalia". Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of London. 30: 261−263, plate XXXIII. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1862.tb06524.x.
Anco, C.; Kolokotronis, S. O.; Henschel, P.; Cunningham, S. W.; Amato, G. & Hekkala, E. (2017). "Historical mitochondrial diversity in African leopards (Panthera pardus) revealed by archival museum specimens". Mitochondrial DNA Part A. 29 (3): 455–473. doi:10.1080/24701394.2017.1307973. PMID 28423965. S2CID 4348541.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2019-07-05.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G. & Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05.
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C. & Goswami, A. (2011). "Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P.; Decker-Flum, D. M. & Gittleman, J. L. (2001). "The utility of chemical signals as phylogenetic characters: an example from the Felidae". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 72 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01297.x.
Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J. & Xie, G. (2014). "Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1774): 20132686. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686. PMC 3843846. PMID 24225466.
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. & Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
Paijmans, J. L. A.; Barlow, A.; Förster, D. W.; Henneberger, K.; Meyer, M.; Nickel, B.; Nagel, D.; Havmøller, R. W.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Joger, U.; Rosendahl, W. & Hofreiter, M. (2018). "Historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) and its extinct Eurasian populations". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 156. Bibcode:2018BMCEE..18..156P. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1268-0. PMC 6198532. PMID 30348080.
Marciszak, A.; Lipecki, G.; Gornig, W.; Matyaszczyk, L.; Oszczepalińska, O.; Nowakowski, D.; Talamo, S. (2022). "The first radiocarbon-dated remains of the Leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Pleistocene of Poland". Radiocarbon. 64 (6): 1359–1372. Bibcode:2022Radcb..64.1359M. doi:10.1017/RDC.2022.33. hdl:11585/887180. S2CID 255850069. Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
Diedrich, C. G. (2013). "Late Pleistocene leopards across Europe – northernmost European German population, highest elevated records in the Swiss Alps, complete skeletons in the Bosnia Herzegowina Dinarids and comparison to the Ice Age cave art". Quaternary Science Reviews. 76: 167–193. Bibcode:2013QSRv...76..167D. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.05.009.
Sauqué, V. & Cuenca‑Bescós, G. (2013). "The Iberian Peninsula, the last European refugium of Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 during the Upper Pleistocene". Quaternaire. 24 (1): 13–24. doi:10.4000/quaternaire.6468. Archived from the original on 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
Marciszak, A. & Stefaniak, K. (2010). "Two forms of cave lion: Middle Pleistocene Panthera spelaea fossilis Reichenau, 1906 and Upper Pleistocene Panthera spelaea spelaea Goldfuss, 1810 from the Bísnik Cave, Poland". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 258 (3): 339–351. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0117. Archived from the original on 2018-09-25. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
Sauqué, V.; Rabal-Garcés, R. & Cuenca-Bescós, G. (2016). "Carnivores from Los Rincones, a leopard den in the highest mountain of the Iberian range (Moncayo, Zaragoza, Spain)". Historical Biology. 28 (4): 479–506. Bibcode:2016HBio...28..479S. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.977882.
Sanchis, A.; Real, C.; Sauqué, V.; Núñez-Lahuerta, C.; Égüez, N.; Tormo, C.; Ripoll, M. P.; Carrión, Y. M.; Duarte, E. & de la Rasilla, M. (2019). "Neanderthal and carnivore activities at Llonin Cave, Asturias, northern Iberian Peninsula: Faunal study of Mousterian levels (MIS 3)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (1): 113–141. Bibcode:2019CRPal..18..113S. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2018.06.001. hdl:10651/49880. S2CID 134157124.
Ghezzo, E. & Rook, L. (2015). "The remarkable Panthera pardus (Felidae, Mammalia) record from Equi (Massa, Italy): taphonomy, morphology, and paleoecology". Quaternary Science Reviews. 110: 131–151. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.020.
Mecozzi, Beniamino; Sardella, Raffaele; Boscaini, Alberto; Cherin, Marco; Costeur, Loïc; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan; Pavia, Marco; Profico, Antonio; Iurino, Dawid A. (15 June 2021). "The tale of a short-tailed cat: New outstanding Late Pleistocene fossils of Lynx pardinus from southern Italy". Quaternary Science Reviews. 262: 106840. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106840. hdl:2434/959858. Retrieved 7 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
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Miracle, P. T.; Lenardić, J. M.; Brajković, D. (2010). "Last glacial climates, "Refugia", and faunal change in Southeastern Europe: Mammalian assemblages from Veternica, Velika pećina, and Vindija caves (Croatia)". Quaternary International. 212 (2): 137–148. Bibcode:2010QuInt.212..137M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.06.003.
Chi T.-C.; Gan Y.; Yang T.-R. & Chang, C.-H. (2021). "First report of leopard fossils from a limestone cave in Kenting area, southern Taiwan". PeerJ. 9: e12020. doi:10.7717/peerj.12020. PMC 8388558. PMID 34513335.
Pocook, R. I. (1932). "The Leopards of Africa". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 102 (2): 543–591. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1932.tb01085.x.
Allen, W. L.; Cuthill, I. C.; Scott-Samuel, N. E. & Baddeley, R. (2010). "Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278 (1710): 1373–1380. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1734. PMC 3061134. PMID 20961899.
Stein, A. B. & Hayssen, V. (2010). "Panthera pardus (Carnivora: Felidae)". Mammalian Species. 45 (900): 30–48. doi:10.1644/900.1. PMC 7149468. S2CID 44839740.
Robinson, R. (1970). "Inheritance of the black form of the leopard Panthera pardus". Genetica. 41 (1): 190–197. doi:10.1007/BF00958904. PMID 5480762. S2CID 5446868.
Eizirik, E.; Yuhki, N.; Johnson, W. E.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J. (2003). "Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family". Current Biology. 13 (5): 448–453. Bibcode:2003CBio...13..448E. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3. PMID 12620197. S2CID 19021807.
Kawanishi, K.; Sunquist, M. E.; Eizirik, E.; Lynam, A. J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Wan Shahruddin, W. N.; Rayan, D. M.; Sharma, D. S. K. & Steinmetz, R. (2010). "Near fixation of melanism in leopards of the Malay Peninsula". Journal of Zoology. 282 (3): 201–206. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00731.x.
Da Silva L. G., K.; Kawanishi, K.; Henschel P.; Kittle, A.; Sanei, A.; Reebin, A.; Miquelle, D.; Stein, A. B.; Watson, A.; Kekule, L. B.; Machado, R. B. & Eizirik, E. (2017). "Mapping black panthers: Macroecological modeling of melanism in leopards (Panthera pardus)". PLOS ONE. 12 (4): e0170378. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270378D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170378. PMC 5381760. PMID 28379961.
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