Library of Alexandria (English Wikipedia)

Letter of Aristeas, 9–12.
Galen, xvii.a, p. 606.
Galen, xvii.a, p. 607
Paulus Orosius, vi.15.32
Tarn, W.W. (1928). "Ptolemy II". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 14(3/4), 246–260. The Byzantine writer Tzetzes gives a similar figure in his essay On Comedy.

bibalex.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"About the BA". Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Retrieved 16 February 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Garland 2008, p. 61. Garland, Robert (2008), Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization, New York City, New York: Sterling, ISBN 978-1-4549-0908-8
Tracy 2000, pp. 343–344. Tracy, Stephen V (2000), "Demetrius of Phalerum: Who was He and Who was He Not?", in Fortenbaugh, William W.; Schütrumpf, Eckhart (eds.), Demetrius of Phalerum: Text, Translation and Discussion, Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities, vol. IX, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London, England: Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-3513-2690-2
MacLeod 2000, p. 3. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Casson 2001, p. 35. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Wiegand & Davis 2015, p. 20. Wiegand, Wayne A.; Davis, Donald G. Jr. (2015), Encyclopedia of Library History, New York dan London: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-78757-8
Garland 2008, p. 60. Garland, Robert (2008), Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization, New York City, New York: Sterling, ISBN 978-1-4549-0908-8
MacLeod 2000, p. 5. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, pp. 1–2, 10–11. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, p. 13. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, p. 11. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, p. 2. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, p. 1. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, pp. 1–2. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Casson 2001, pp. 31–32. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
MacLeod 2000, pp. 2–3. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Fox 1986, p. 341. Fox, Robert Lane (1986), "14: Hellenistic Culture and Literature", in Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 338–364, ISBN 978-0-19-872112-3
Fox 1986, p. 340. Fox, Robert Lane (1986), "14: Hellenistic Culture and Literature", in Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 338–364, ISBN 978-0-19-872112-3
Fox 1986, pp. 340–341. Fox, Robert Lane (1986), "14: Hellenistic Culture and Literature", in Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 338–364, ISBN 978-0-19-872112-3
Casson 2001, p. 21. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
David C. Lindberg (15 March 1980). Science in the Middle Ages. University of Chicago Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-226-48233-0. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Tracy 2000, p. 343. Tracy, Stephen V (2000), "Demetrius of Phalerum: Who was He and Who was He Not?", in Fortenbaugh, William W.; Schütrumpf, Eckhart (eds.), Demetrius of Phalerum: Text, Translation and Discussion, Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities, vol. IX, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London, England: Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-3513-2690-2
Casson 2001, p. 32. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Tracy 2000, pp. 344–345. Tracy, Stephen V (2000), "Demetrius of Phalerum: Who was He and Who was He Not?", in Fortenbaugh, William W.; Schütrumpf, Eckhart (eds.), Demetrius of Phalerum: Text, Translation and Discussion, Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities, vol. IX, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London, England: Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-3513-2690-2
Wiegand & Davis 2015, p. 19. Wiegand, Wayne A.; Davis, Donald G. Jr. (2015), Encyclopedia of Library History, New York dan London: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-78757-8
MacLeod 2000, pp. 1–. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Barnes 2000, p. 62. Barnes, Robert (2000), "3. Cloistered Bookworms in the Chicken-Coop of the Muses: The Ancient Library of Alexandria", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 61–78, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Casson 2001, p. 34. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
MacLeod 2000, pp. 4–5. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Casson 2001, p. 36. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Casson 2001, pp. 33–34. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
MacLeod 2000, p. 4. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, pp. 3–4. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Staikos 2000, p. 66. Staikos, Konstantinos Sp. (2000), The Great Libraries: From Antiquity to the Renaissance, New Castle, Delaware and London, England: Oak Knoll Press & The British Library, ISBN 978-1-58456-018-0
Dickey 2007, p. 5. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
Casson 2001, p. 37. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Casson 2001, pp. 39–40. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Casson 2001, p. 40. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Montana 2015, p. 109. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
MacLeod 2000, p. 6. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Montana 2015, p. 110. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Montana 2015, pp. 109–110. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Montana 2015, p. 114. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Montana 2015, p. 115. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Montana 2015, p. 116. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Casson 2001, p. 41. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Montana 2015, pp. 116–117. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Montana 2015, p. 117. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
MacLeod 2000, pp. 6–7. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
MacLeod 2000, p. 7. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
McKeown 2013, pp. 147–148. McKeown, J. C. (2013), A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
Casson 2001, p. 38. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
McKeown 2013, pp. 148–149. McKeown, J. C. (2013), A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
McKeown 2013, p. 149. McKeown, J. C. (2013), A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
Montana 2015, p. 118. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
MacLeod 2000, pp. 7–8. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Dickey 2007, pp. 5, 93. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
Dickey 2007, pp. 5, 92–93. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
Dickey 2007, p. 93. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
Montana 2015, p. 129. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Meyboom 1995, p. 173. Meyboom, P. G. P. (1995), The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina: Early Evidence of Egyptian Religion in Italy, Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, p. 373, ISBN 978-90-04-10137-1
Casson 2001, p. 43. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Montana 2015, p. 130. Montana, Fausto (2015), "Hellenistic Scholarship", in Montanari, Franco; Matthaios, Stephanos; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.), Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, vol. 1, Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 60–183, ISBN 978-90-04-28192-9
Dickey 2007, pp. 5–6. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
Dickey 2007, p. 6. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
Casson 2001, p. 45. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Meyboom 1995, p. 373. Meyboom, P. G. P. (1995), The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina: Early Evidence of Egyptian Religion in Italy, Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, p. 373, ISBN 978-90-04-10137-1
Casson 2001, p. 47. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Watts 2008, p. 149. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Fox 1986, p. 351. Fox, Robert Lane (1986), "14: Hellenistic Culture and Literature", in Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 338–364, ISBN 978-0-19-872112-3
McKeown 2013, p. 150. McKeown, J. C. (2013), A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
Casson 2001, p. 46. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
Cherf, William J. (2008). "Earth Wind and Fire: The Alexandrian Fire-storm of 48 BC". In El-Abbadi, Mostafa; Fathallah, Omnia Mounir (eds.). What Happened to the Ancient Library of Alexandria?. Leiden: Brill. p. 70. ISBN 978-90-474-3302-6.
Dickey 2007, p. 7. Dickey, Eleanor (2007), Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5
McKeown 2013, pp. 149–150. McKeown, J. C. (2013), A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
Casson 2001, pp. 46–47. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4
MacLeod 2000, p. 9. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Watts 2008, p. 148. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, pp. 149–150. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, p. 150. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
De Sacy, Relation de l'Égypte par Abd al-Latif, Paris, 1810. Translated by Roger Pearse. Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. "Above the column of the pillars is a dome supported by this column. I think this building was the portico where Aristotle taught, and after him his disciples; and that this was the academy that Alexander built when he built this city, and where was placed the library which Amr ibn-Alas burned, with the permission of Omar."
MacLeod 2000, p. 71. "The story first appears 500 years after the Arab conquest of Alexandria. John the Grammarian appears to be John Philoponus, who must have been dead by the time of the conquest. It seems, as shown above, that both of the Alexandrian libraries were destroyed by the end of the fourth century, and there is no mention of any library surviving at Alexandria in the Christian literature of the centuries following that date. It is also suspicious that Omar is recorded to have made the same remark about books found by the Arab during their conquest of Iran." MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Watts 2017, p. 60. Watts, Edward J. (2017), Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-1906-5914-1
Watts 2008, pp. 150, 189. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, p. 189. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, pp. 189–190. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, p. 190. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, pp. 150–151. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, p. 191. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Theodore 2016, pp. 182–183. Theodore, Jonathan (2016), The Modern Cultural Myth of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Manchester, England: Palgrave, Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-56997-4
Booth 2017, pp. 21–22. Booth, Charlotte (2017), Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth, London, England: Fonthill Media, ISBN 978-1-78155-546-0
Watts 2008, pp. 191–192. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, p. 192. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, p. 196. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Watts 2008, pp. 195–196. Watts, Edward J. (2008) [2006], City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-05-2025-816-7
Novak 2010, p. 240. Novak, Ralph Martin Jr. (2010), Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 239–240, ISBN 978-1-56338-347-2
Cameron, Long & Sherry 1993, pp. 58–61. Cameron, Alan; Long, Jacqueline; Sherry, Lee (1993), Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06550-5
Cameron, Long & Sherry 1993, p. 59. Cameron, Alan; Long, Jacqueline; Sherry, Lee (1993), Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06550-5
Cameron, Long & Sherry 1993, pp. 59–61. Cameron, Alan; Long, Jacqueline; Sherry, Lee (1993), Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06550-5
Watts 2017, p. 117. Watts, Edward J. (2017), Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-1906-5914-1
Booth 2017, pp. 151–152. Booth, Charlotte (2017), Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth, London, England: Fonthill Media, ISBN 978-1-78155-546-0
Watts 2017, pp. 154–155. Watts, Edward J. (2017), Hypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-1906-5914-1
Booth 2017, p. 151. Booth, Charlotte (2017), Hypatia: Mathematician, Philosopher, Myth, London, England: Fonthill Media, ISBN 978-1-78155-546-0
MacLeod 2000, pp. 3, 10–11. MacLeod, Roy (2000), "Introduction: Alexandria in History and Myth", in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World, New York City, New York and London, England: I.B.Tauris Publishers, pp. 1–18, ISBN 978-1-85043-594-5
Casson 2001, p. 48. Casson, Lionel (2001), Libraries in the Ancient World, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Britannica Editors (2025, March 15). parchment. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/parchment

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Tocatlian 1991, p. 256. Tocatlian, Jacques (September 1991), "Bibliotheca Alexandrina – Reviving a legacy of the past for a brighter common future", International Library Review, 23 (3), Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 255–269, doi:10.1016/0020-7837(91)90034-W
Diana, Delia (December 1992). "From Romance to Rhetoric: The Alexandrian Library in Classical and Islamic Traditions". The American Historical Review. 97 (5): 1449–1467. doi:10.2307/2165947. JSTOR 2165947.
Rohmann, Dirk (2022). "The Destruction of the Serapeum of Alexandria, Its Library, and the Immediate Reactions". Klio. 104: 334–362. doi:10.1515/klio-2021-0021.
Tocatlian 1991, p. 265. Tocatlian, Jacques (September 1991), "Bibliotheca Alexandrina – Reviving a legacy of the past for a brighter common future", International Library Review, 23 (3), Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 255–269, doi:10.1016/0020-7837(91)90034-W
Tocatlian 1991, pp. 265–266. Tocatlian, Jacques (September 1991), "Bibliotheca Alexandrina – Reviving a legacy of the past for a brighter common future", International Library Review, 23 (3), Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 255–269, doi:10.1016/0020-7837(91)90034-W
Tocatlian 1991, p. 266. Tocatlian, Jacques (September 1991), "Bibliotheca Alexandrina – Reviving a legacy of the past for a brighter common future", International Library Review, 23 (3), Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 255–269, doi:10.1016/0020-7837(91)90034-W
Tocatlian 1991, p. 259. Tocatlian, Jacques (September 1991), "Bibliotheca Alexandrina – Reviving a legacy of the past for a brighter common future", International Library Review, 23 (3), Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 255–269, doi:10.1016/0020-7837(91)90034-W

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De Sacy, Relation de l'Égypte par Abd al-Latif, Paris, 1810. Translated by Roger Pearse. Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. "Above the column of the pillars is a dome supported by this column. I think this building was the portico where Aristotle taught, and after him his disciples; and that this was the academy that Alexander built when he built this city, and where was placed the library which Amr ibn-Alas burned, with the permission of Omar."
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Phillips 2010. Phillips, Heather (2010). "The Great Library of Alexandria?". Library Philosophy and Practice. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
Entry Μουσείον Archived 12 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine at Liddell & Scott.
De Sacy, Relation de l'Égypte par Abd al-Latif, Paris, 1810. Translated by Roger Pearse. Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. "Above the column of the pillars is a dome supported by this column. I think this building was the portico where Aristotle taught, and after him his disciples; and that this was the academy that Alexander built when he built this city, and where was placed the library which Amr ibn-Alas burned, with the permission of Omar."
Samir Khalil. "L'utilisation d'al-Qifṭī par la Chronique arabe d'Ibn al-'Ibrī († 1286)". In Samir Khalil Samir, ed. Actes du IIe symposium syro-arabicum (Sayyidat al-Bīr, septembre 1998). Études arabes chrétiennes, = Parole de l'Orient 28 (2003) 551–598. An English translation of the passage in Al-Qifti by Emily Cottrell of Leiden University is acceptable at the Roger Pearse blog. Archived 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Ed. Pococke, p. 181, translation on p. 114. Translated by Roger Pearse. Archived 15 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Latin: Quod ad libros quorum mentionem fecisti: si in illis contineatur, quod cum libro Dei conveniat, in libro Dei [est] quod sufficiat absque illo; quod si in illis fuerit quod libro Dei repugnet, neutiquam est eo [nobis] opus, jube igitur e medio tolli. Jussit ergo Amrus Ebno'lAs dispergi eos per balnea Alexandriae, atque illis calefaciendis comburi; ita spatio semestri consumpti sunt. Audi quid factum fuerit et mirare.
Lewis, Bernard; Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (27 September 1990). "The Vanished Library by Bernard Lewis". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2006.

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