Lepp, Heino (7 March 2011). "What is a lichen?". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
Galloway, D.J. (13 May 1999). "Lichen Glossary". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 6 December 2014.
Speer, Brian R; Ben Waggoner (May 1997). "Lichens: Life History & Ecology". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
Speer BR, Waggoner B. "Fossil Record of Lichens". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
Lendemer, J. C. (2011). "A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1216–1229. doi:10.3852/11-032. PMID21642343. S2CID34346229.
Casano, L. M.; Del Campo, E. M.; García-Breijo, F. J.; Reig-Armiñana, J; Gasulla, F; Del Hoyo, A; Guéra, A; Barreno, E (2011). "Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus competition?". Environmental Microbiology (Submitted manuscript). 13 (3): 806–818. Bibcode:2011EnvMi..13..806C. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x. hdl:10251/60269. PMID21134099.
McCune, B.; Grenon, J.; Martin, E.; Mutch, L.S.; Martin, E.P. (March 2007). "Lichens in relation to management issues in the Sierra Nevada national parks". North American Fungi. 2: 1–39. doi:10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.003 (inactive 16 April 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)
Heiđmarsson, Starri; Heidmarsson, Starri (1996). "Pruina as a Taxonomic Character in the Lichen Genus Dermatocarpon". The Bryologist. 99 (3): 315–320. doi:10.2307/3244302. JSTOR3244302.
Pogoda, C. S.; Keepers, K. G.; Lendemer, J. C.; Kane, N. C.; Tripp, E. A. (2018). "Reductions in complexity of mitochondrial genomes in lichen-forming fungi shed light on genome architecture of obligate symbioses – Wiley Online Library". Molecular Ecology. 27 (5): 1155–1169. doi:10.1111/mec.14519. PMID29417658. S2CID4238109.
Skaloud, P; Peksa, O (2010). "Evolutionary inferences based on ITS rDNA and actin sequences reveal extensive diversity of the common lichen alga Asterochloris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54 (1): 36–46. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.035. PMID19853051.
Hagiwara K, Wright PR, et al. (March 2015). "Comparative analysis of the antioxidant properties of Icelandic and Hawaiian lichens". Environmental Microbiology. 18 (8): 2319–2325. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12850. PMID25808912. S2CID13768322.
Odabasoglu F, Aslan A, Cakir A, et al. (March 2005). "Antioxidant activity, reducing power and total phenolic content of some lichen species". Fitoterapia. 76 (2): 216–219. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.012. PMID15752633.
Hauck, Markus; Jürgens, Sascha-René; Leuschner, Christoph (2010). "Norstictic acid: Correlations between its physico-chemical characteristics and ecological preferences of lichens producing this depsidone". Environmental and Experimental Botany. 68 (3): 309. Bibcode:2010EnvEB..68..309H. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.01.003.
Sancho, L. G.; De La Torre, R.; Horneck, G.; Ascaso, C.; De Los Rios, A.; Pintado, A.; Wierzchos, J.; Schuster, M. (2007). "Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment". Astrobiology. 7 (3): 443–454. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..443S. doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0046. PMID17630840. S2CID4121180.
Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. JSTOR44250015. S2CID90258634.
Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota". The Bryologist. 120 (1): 58–69. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-120.1.058. S2CID90363578.
Sanders, W. B.; Moe, R. L.; Ascaso, C. (2004). "The intertidal marine lichen formed by the pyrenomycete fungus Verrucaria tavaresiae (Ascomycotina) and the brown alga Petroderma maculiforme (Phaeophyceae): thallus organization and symbiont interaction – NCBI". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4): 511–22. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.4.511. hdl:10261/31799. PMID21653406.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1988). "The variety of fungal-algal symbioses, their evolutionary significance, and the nature of lichens". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 96: 3–20. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb00623.x. S2CID49717944.
Rikkinen J. (1995). "What's behind the pretty colors? A study on the photobiology of lichens". Bryobrothera. 4 (3): 375–376. doi:10.2307/3244316. JSTOR3244316.
Guzow-Krzeminska, B (2006). "Photobiont ?exibility in thelichen Protoparmeliopsis muralis as revealed by ITS rDNA analyses". Lichenologist. 38 (5): 469–476. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005068. S2CID85895322.
Ohmura, Y.; Kawachi, M.; Kasai, F.; Watanabe, M. (2006). "Genetic combinations of symbionts in a vegetatively reproducing lichen, Parmotrema tinctorum, based on ITS rDNA sequences" (2006)". Bryologist. 109: 43–59. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[0043:gcosia]2.0.co;2. S2CID83701566.
Taylor WA, Free CB, Helgemo R, Ochoada J (2004). "SEM analysis of spongiophyton interpreted as a fossil lichen". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 165 (5): 875–881. doi:10.1086/422129. S2CID85382155.
Lawrey, James D. (1994). "Lichen Allelopathy: A Review". In Inderjit; K. M. M. Dakshini; Frank A. Einhellig (eds.). Allelopathy. Organisms, Processes, and Applications. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 582. American Chemical Society. pp. 26–38. doi:10.1021/bk-1995-0582.ch002. ISBN978-0-8412-3061-3.
Nash III, Thomas H. (2008). "Lichen sensitivity to air pollution". In Nash III, T.H. (ed.). Lichen Biology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 299–314. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511790478.016. ISBN978-0-521-69216-8.
Knops, J.M.H.; Nash, T. H. III; Boucher, V.L.; Schlesinger, W.H. (1991). "Mineral cycling and epiphytic lichens: Implications at the ecosystem level". Lichenologist. 23 (3): 309–321. doi:10.1017/S0024282991000452. S2CID86133860.
Beltman IH, de Kok LJ, Kuiper PJC, van Hasselt PR (1980). "Fatty acid composition and chlorophyll content of epiphytic lichens and a possible relation to their sensitivity to air pollution". Oikos. 35 (3): 321–326. Bibcode:1980Oikos..35..321B. doi:10.2307/3544647. JSTOR3544647.
Emmerich R, Giez I, Lange OL, Proksch P (1993). "Toxicity and antifeedant activity of lichen compounds against the polyphagous herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis". Phytochemistry. 33 (6): 1389–1394. Bibcode:1993PChem..33.1389E. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85097-B.
Hogan, C. Michael (2010). "Abiotic factor". Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, D.C.: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
Casano, L. M.; Del Campo, E. M.; García-Breijo, F. J.; Reig-Armiñana, J; Gasulla, F; Del Hoyo, A; Guéra, A; Barreno, E (2011). "Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus competition?". Environmental Microbiology (Submitted manuscript). 13 (3): 806–818. Bibcode:2011EnvMi..13..806C. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x. hdl:10251/60269. PMID21134099.
Sanders, W. B.; Moe, R. L.; Ascaso, C. (2004). "The intertidal marine lichen formed by the pyrenomycete fungus Verrucaria tavaresiae (Ascomycotina) and the brown alga Petroderma maculiforme (Phaeophyceae): thallus organization and symbiont interaction – NCBI". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4): 511–22. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.4.511. hdl:10261/31799. PMID21653406.
Casano, L. M.; Del Campo, E. M.; García-Breijo, F. J.; Reig-Armiñana, J; Gasulla, F; Del Hoyo, A; Guéra, A; Barreno, E (2011). "Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus competition?". Environmental Microbiology (Submitted manuscript). 13 (3): 806–818. Bibcode:2011EnvMi..13..806C. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x. hdl:10251/60269. PMID21134099.
Hauck, Markus; Jürgens, Sascha-René; Leuschner, Christoph (2010). "Norstictic acid: Correlations between its physico-chemical characteristics and ecological preferences of lichens producing this depsidone". Environmental and Experimental Botany. 68 (3): 309. Bibcode:2010EnvEB..68..309H. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.01.003.
Sancho, L. G.; De La Torre, R.; Horneck, G.; Ascaso, C.; De Los Rios, A.; Pintado, A.; Wierzchos, J.; Schuster, M. (2007). "Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment". Astrobiology. 7 (3): 443–454. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..443S. doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0046. PMID17630840. S2CID4121180.
Beltman IH, de Kok LJ, Kuiper PJC, van Hasselt PR (1980). "Fatty acid composition and chlorophyll content of epiphytic lichens and a possible relation to their sensitivity to air pollution". Oikos. 35 (3): 321–326. Bibcode:1980Oikos..35..321B. doi:10.2307/3544647. JSTOR3544647.
Emmerich R, Giez I, Lange OL, Proksch P (1993). "Toxicity and antifeedant activity of lichen compounds against the polyphagous herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis". Phytochemistry. 33 (6): 1389–1394. Bibcode:1993PChem..33.1389E. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85097-B.
Heiđmarsson, Starri; Heidmarsson, Starri (1996). "Pruina as a Taxonomic Character in the Lichen Genus Dermatocarpon". The Bryologist. 99 (3): 315–320. doi:10.2307/3244302. JSTOR3244302.
Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. JSTOR44250015. S2CID90258634.
Rikkinen J. (1995). "What's behind the pretty colors? A study on the photobiology of lichens". Bryobrothera. 4 (3): 375–376. doi:10.2307/3244316. JSTOR3244316.
Beltman IH, de Kok LJ, Kuiper PJC, van Hasselt PR (1980). "Fatty acid composition and chlorophyll content of epiphytic lichens and a possible relation to their sensitivity to air pollution". Oikos. 35 (3): 321–326. Bibcode:1980Oikos..35..321B. doi:10.2307/3544647. JSTOR3544647.
Lendemer, J. C. (2011). "A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1216–1229. doi:10.3852/11-032. PMID21642343. S2CID34346229.
Casano, L. M.; Del Campo, E. M.; García-Breijo, F. J.; Reig-Armiñana, J; Gasulla, F; Del Hoyo, A; Guéra, A; Barreno, E (2011). "Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus competition?". Environmental Microbiology (Submitted manuscript). 13 (3): 806–818. Bibcode:2011EnvMi..13..806C. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x. hdl:10251/60269. PMID21134099.
Pogoda, C. S.; Keepers, K. G.; Lendemer, J. C.; Kane, N. C.; Tripp, E. A. (2018). "Reductions in complexity of mitochondrial genomes in lichen-forming fungi shed light on genome architecture of obligate symbioses – Wiley Online Library". Molecular Ecology. 27 (5): 1155–1169. doi:10.1111/mec.14519. PMID29417658. S2CID4238109.
Skaloud, P; Peksa, O (2010). "Evolutionary inferences based on ITS rDNA and actin sequences reveal extensive diversity of the common lichen alga Asterochloris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54 (1): 36–46. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.035. PMID19853051.
Hagiwara K, Wright PR, et al. (March 2015). "Comparative analysis of the antioxidant properties of Icelandic and Hawaiian lichens". Environmental Microbiology. 18 (8): 2319–2325. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12850. PMID25808912. S2CID13768322.
Odabasoglu F, Aslan A, Cakir A, et al. (March 2005). "Antioxidant activity, reducing power and total phenolic content of some lichen species". Fitoterapia. 76 (2): 216–219. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.012. PMID15752633.
Sancho, L. G.; De La Torre, R.; Horneck, G.; Ascaso, C.; De Los Rios, A.; Pintado, A.; Wierzchos, J.; Schuster, M. (2007). "Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment". Astrobiology. 7 (3): 443–454. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..443S. doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0046. PMID17630840. S2CID4121180.
Sanders, W. B.; Moe, R. L.; Ascaso, C. (2004). "The intertidal marine lichen formed by the pyrenomycete fungus Verrucaria tavaresiae (Ascomycotina) and the brown alga Petroderma maculiforme (Phaeophyceae): thallus organization and symbiont interaction – NCBI". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4): 511–22. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.4.511. hdl:10261/31799. PMID21653406.
Lendemer, J. C. (2011). "A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1216–1229. doi:10.3852/11-032. PMID21642343. S2CID34346229.
Pogoda, C. S.; Keepers, K. G.; Lendemer, J. C.; Kane, N. C.; Tripp, E. A. (2018). "Reductions in complexity of mitochondrial genomes in lichen-forming fungi shed light on genome architecture of obligate symbioses – Wiley Online Library". Molecular Ecology. 27 (5): 1155–1169. doi:10.1111/mec.14519. PMID29417658. S2CID4238109.
Sancho, L. G.; De La Torre, R.; Horneck, G.; Ascaso, C.; De Los Rios, A.; Pintado, A.; Wierzchos, J.; Schuster, M. (2007). "Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment". Astrobiology. 7 (3): 443–454. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..443S. doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0046. PMID17630840. S2CID4121180.
Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. JSTOR44250015. S2CID90258634.
Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota". The Bryologist. 120 (1): 58–69. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-120.1.058. S2CID90363578.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1988). "The variety of fungal-algal symbioses, their evolutionary significance, and the nature of lichens". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 96: 3–20. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb00623.x. S2CID49717944.
Guzow-Krzeminska, B (2006). "Photobiont ?exibility in thelichen Protoparmeliopsis muralis as revealed by ITS rDNA analyses". Lichenologist. 38 (5): 469–476. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005068. S2CID85895322.
Ohmura, Y.; Kawachi, M.; Kasai, F.; Watanabe, M. (2006). "Genetic combinations of symbionts in a vegetatively reproducing lichen, Parmotrema tinctorum, based on ITS rDNA sequences" (2006)". Bryologist. 109: 43–59. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[0043:gcosia]2.0.co;2. S2CID83701566.
Taylor WA, Free CB, Helgemo R, Ochoada J (2004). "SEM analysis of spongiophyton interpreted as a fossil lichen". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 165 (5): 875–881. doi:10.1086/422129. S2CID85382155.
Lepp, Heino (7 March 2011). "What is a lichen?". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
Galloway, D.J. (13 May 1999). "Lichen Glossary". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 6 December 2014.
Speer, Brian R; Ben Waggoner (May 1997). "Lichens: Life History & Ecology". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
Speer BR, Waggoner B. "Fossil Record of Lichens". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
Hogan, C. Michael (2010). "Abiotic factor". Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, D.C.: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.