Lichen (English Wikipedia)

Grube, Martin; Cardinale, Massimiliano; de Castro, João Vieira; Müller, Henry; Berg, Gabriele (September 2009). "Species-specific structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities in lichen symbioses". The ISME Journal. 3 (9): 1105–1115. Bibcode:2009ISMEJ...3.1105G. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.63. PMID 19554038.
Grube, Martin; Berg, Gabriele (August 2009). "Microbial consortia of bacteria and fungi with focus on the lichen symbiosis". Fungal Biology Reviews. 23 (3): 72–85. Bibcode:2009FunBR..23...72G. doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2009.10.001.
Spribille, Toby; Tuovinen, Veera; Resl, Philipp; Vanderpool, Dan; Wolinski, Heimo; Aime, M. Catherine; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Toome-Heller, Merje; Thor, Göran; Mayrhofer, Helmut; Johannesson, Hanna; McCutcheon, John P. (29 July 2016). "Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens". Science. 353 (6298): 488–92. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..488S. doi:10.1126/science.aaf8287. PMC 5793994. PMID 27445309.
Kumpula, Jouko; Lefrère, Stéphanie C.; Nieminen, Mauri (2004). "The Use of Woodland Lichen Pasture by Reindeer in Winter with Easy Snow Conditions". Arctic. 57 (3). Bibcode:2004Arcti..57ic504K. doi:10.14430/arctic504.
Leinaas, Hans Petter; Fjellberg, Arne (June 1985). "Habitat Structure and Life History Strategies of Two Partly Sympatric and Closely Related, Lichen Feeding Collembolan Species". Oikos. 44 (3): 448. Bibcode:1985Oikos..44..448L. doi:10.2307/3565786. JSTOR 3565786.
Gerson, U. (October 1973). "Lichen-Arthropod Associations". The Lichenologist. 5 (5–6): 434–443. Bibcode:1973ThLic...5..434G. doi:10.1017/S0024282973000484.
Casano, Leonardo M.; del Campo, Eva M.; García-Breijo, Francisco J.; Reig-Armiñana, José; Gasulla, Francisco; del Hoyo, Alicia; Guéra, Alfredo; Barreno, Eva (March 2011). "Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus Competition?". Environmental Microbiology. 13 (3): 806–818. Bibcode:2011EnvMi..13..806C. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x. hdl:10251/60269. PMID 21134099.
Grube, Martin; Cardinale, Massimiliano; de Castro, João Vieira; Müller, Henry; Berg, Gabriele (September 2009). "Species-specific structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities in lichen symbioses". The ISME Journal. 3 (9): 1105–1115. Bibcode:2009ISMEJ...3.1105G. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.63. PMID 19554038.
Pogoda, Cloe S.; Keepers, Kyle G.; Lendemer, James C.; Kane, Nolan C.; Tripp, Erin A. (March 2018). "Reductions in complexity of mitochondrial genomes in lichen-forming fungi shed light on genome architecture of obligate symbioses". Molecular Ecology. 27 (5): 1155–1169. Bibcode:2018MolEc..27.1155P. doi:10.1111/mec.14519. PMID 29417658.
Spribille, Toby; Tuovinen, Veera; Resl, Philipp; Vanderpool, Dan; Wolinski, Heimo; Aime, M. Catherine; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Toome-Heller, Merje; Thor, Göran; Mayrhofer, Helmut; Johannesson, Hanna; McCutcheon, John P. (29 July 2016). "Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens". Science. 353 (6298): 488–492. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..488S. doi:10.1126/science.aaf8287. PMC 5793994. PMID 27445309.
Rose C. I., Hawksworth D. L. (1981). "Lichen recolonization in London's cleaner air". Nature. 289 (5795): 289–292. Bibcode:1981Natur.289..289R. doi:10.1038/289289a0.
Skogland, Terje (1984). "Wild reindeer foraging-niche organization". Ecography. 7 (4): 345. Bibcode:1984Ecogr...7..345S. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1984.tb01138.x.
Hauck, Markus; Jürgens, Sascha-René; Leuschner, Christoph (2010). "Norstictic acid: Correlations between its physico-chemical characteristics and ecological preferences of lichens producing this depsidone". Environmental and Experimental Botany. 68 (3): 309. Bibcode:2010EnvEB..68..309H. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.01.003.
Rosenwinkel, Swenja; Korup, Oliver; Landgraf, Angela; Dzhumabaeva, Atyrgul (December 2015). "Limits to lichenometry". Quaternary Science Reviews. 129: 229–238. Bibcode:2015QSRv..129..229R. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.031.
Haworth, Leah A.; Calkin, Parker E.; Ellis, James M. (August 1986). "Direct Measurement of Lichen Growth in the Central Brooks Range, Alaska, U.S.A., and Its Application to Lichenometric Dating". Arctic and Alpine Research. 18 (3): 289–296. Bibcode:1986AARes..18..289H. doi:10.1080/00040851.1986.12004090. JSTOR 1550886.
Benedict, James B. (January 2009). "A Review of Lichenometric Dating and Its Applications to Archaeology". American Antiquity. 74 (1): 143–172. Bibcode:2009AmAnt..74..143B. doi:10.1017/S0002731600047545.
Sancho, L. G.; De La Torre, R.; Horneck, G.; Ascaso, C.; De Los Rios, A.; Pintado, A.; Wierzchos, J.; Schuster, M. (2007). "Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment". Astrobiology. 7 (3): 443–454. Bibcode:2007AsBio...7..443S. doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0046. hdl:10261/20262. PMID 17630840.
Law, R.; Lewis, D. H. (November 1983). "Biotic environments and the maintenance of sex-some evidence from mutualistic symbioses". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 20 (3): 249–276. Bibcode:1983BJLS...20..249L. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1983.tb01876.x.
Škaloud, Pavel; Steinová, Jana; Řídká, Tereza; Vančurová, Lucie; Peksa, Ondřej (4 May 2015). "Assembling the challenging puzzle of algal biodiversity: species delimitation within the genusAsterochloris(Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)". Journal of Phycology. 51 (3): 507–527. Bibcode:2015JPcgy..51..507S. doi:10.1111/jpy.12295. PMID 26986666.
Murtagh GJ, Dyer PS, Crittenden PD (April 2000). "Sex and the single lichen". Nature. 404 (6778): 564. Bibcode:2000Natur.404..564M. doi:10.1038/35007142. PMID 10766229.
Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Miller, Kathy Ann; De Los RíOs, Asunción (May 2018). "Challenging the lichen concept: Turgidosculum ulvae ( Verrucariaceae ) represents an independent photobiont shift to a multicellular blade-like alga". The Lichenologist. 50 (3): 341–356. Bibcode:2018ThLic..50..341P. doi:10.1017/S0024282918000117.
Lutzoni, Francois; Pagel, Mark; Reeb, Valerie (21 June 2001). "Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors". Nature. 411 (6840): 937–940. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..937L. doi:10.1038/35082053. PMID 11418855.
Aschenbrenner, Ines A.; Cernava, Tomislav; Berg, Gabriele; Grube, Martin (18 February 2016). "Understanding Microbial Multi-Species Symbioses". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 180. Bibcode:2016FrMic...700180A. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00180. PMC 4757690. PMID 26925047.
Rolshausen, Gregor; Dal Grande, Francesco; Sadowska-Deś, Anna D.; Otte, Jürgen; Schmitt, Imke (August 2018). "Quantifying the climatic niche of symbiont partners in a lichen symbiosis indicates mutualist-mediated niche expansions". Ecography. 41 (8): 1380–1392. Bibcode:2018Ecogr..41.1380R. doi:10.1111/ecog.03457. hdl:11577/3440834.
Piercey-Normore, Michele D. (January 2006). "The lichen-forming ascomycete Evernia mesomorpha associates with multiple genotypes of Trebouxia jamesii". New Phytologist. 169 (2): 331–344. Bibcode:2006NewPh.169..331P. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01576.x. PMID 16411936.
Rikkinen, Jouko (23 April 2013). "Molecular studies on cyanobacterial diversity in lichen symbioses". MycoKeys (6): 3–32. Bibcode:2013MycoK...6....3R. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.6.3869.
O'Brien, H.; Miadlikowska, J.; Lutzoni, F. (2005). "Assessing host specialization in symbiotic cyanobacteria associated with four closely related species of the lichen fungus Peltigera". European Journal of Phycology. 40 (4): 363–378. Bibcode:2005EJPhy..40..363O. doi:10.1080/09670260500342647.
Guzow-Krzeminska, B (2006). "Photobiont ?exibility in thelichen Protoparmeliopsis muralis as revealed by ITS rDNA analyses". Lichenologist. 38 (5): 469–476. Bibcode:2006ThLic..38..469G. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005068.
Piercey-Normore (2006). "The lichen-forming asco-mycete Evernia mesomorpha associates with multiplegenotypes of Trebouxia jamesii". New Phytologist. 169 (2): 331–344. Bibcode:2006NewPh.169..331P. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01576.x. PMID 16411936.
Lutzoni, François; Pagel, Mark; Reeb, Valérie (2001). "Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors". Nature. 411 (6840): 937–940. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..937L. doi:10.1038/35082053. PMID 11418855.
Peterson EB. (2000). "An overlooked fossil lichen (Lobariaceae)". Lichenologist. 32 (3): 298–300. Bibcode:2000ThLic..32..298P. doi:10.1006/lich.1999.0257.
Karatygin, I. V.; Snigirevskaya, N. S.; Vikulin, S. V. (January 2009). "The most ancient terrestrial lichen Winfrenatia reticulata: A new find and new interpretation". Paleontological Journal. 43 (1): 107–114. Bibcode:2009PalJ...43..107K. doi:10.1134/S0031030109010110.
Taylor, T. N.; Hass, H.; Remy, W.; Kerp, H. (1995). "The oldest fossil lichen". Nature. 378 (6554): 244. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..244T. doi:10.1038/378244a0.
Taylor WA, Free CB, Helgemo R, Ochoada J (2004). "SEM analysis of spongiophyton interpreted as a fossil lichen". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 165 (5): 875–881. Bibcode:2004IJPlS.165..875T. doi:10.1086/422129.
Jahren, A.H.; Porter, S.; Kuglitsch, J.J. (2003). "Lichen metabolism identified in Early Devonian terrestrial organisms". Geology. 31 (2): 99–102. Bibcode:2003Geo....31...99J. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0099:LMIIED>2.0.CO;2.
Fletcher, B. J.; Beerling, D. J.; Chaloner, W. G. (2004). "Stable carbon isotopes and the metabolism of the terrestrial Devonian organism Spongiophyton". Geobiology. 2 (2): 107–119. Bibcode:2004Gbio....2..107F. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00026.x.
Loron, Corentin C.; Cooper, Laura M.; McMahon, Sean; Jordan, Seán F.; Gromov, Andrei V.; Humpage, Matthew; Rodgers, Niall; Pichevin, Laetitia; Vondracek, Hendrik; Alexander, Ruaridh; Rodriguez Dzul, Edwin; Brasier, Alexander T.; Krings, Michael; Hetherington, Alexander J. (23 January 2026). "Prototaxites fossils are structurally and chemically distinct from extinct and extant Fungi". Science Advances. 12 (4) eaec6277. Bibcode:2026SciA...12c6277L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aec6277. PMC 12822639. PMID 41564173.
Karatygin IV; Snigirevskaya NS; Vikulin SV. (2009). "The most ancient terrestrial lichen Winfrenatia reticulata: A new find and new interpretation". Paleontological Journal. 43 (1): 107–114. Bibcode:2009PalJ...43..107K. doi:10.1134/S0031030109010110.
Hansen, Karen; Perry, Brian A.; Dranginis, Andrew W.; Pfister, Donald H. (May 2013). "A phylogeny of the highly diverse cup-fungus family Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) clarifies relationships and evolution of selected life history traits". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (2): 311–335. Bibcode:2013MolPE..67..311H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.014. PMID 23403226.
Gargas, A; Depriest, PT; Grube, M; Tehler, A (1995). "Multiple origins of lichen symbioses in fungi suggested by SSU rDNA phylogeny". Science. 268 (5216): 1492–1495. Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1492G. doi:10.1126/science.7770775. PMID 7770775.
Wedin M, Döring H, Gilenstam G (2004). "Saprotrophy and lichenization as options for the same fungl species on different substrata: environmental plasticity and fungal lifestyles in the Strictis-Conotrema complex". New Phytologist. 16 (3): 459–465. Bibcode:2004NewPh.164..459W. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01198.x.
Yuan X, Xiao S, Taylor TN (2005). "Lichen-like symbiosis 600 million years ago". Science. 308 (5724): 1017–1020. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1017Y. doi:10.1126/science.1111347. PMID 15890881.
Retallack GJ. (2007). "Growth, decay and burial compaction of Dickinsonia, an iconic Ediacaran fossil". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 31 (3): 215–240. Bibcode:2007Alch...31..215R. doi:10.1080/03115510701484705.
Retallack GJ. (1994). "Were the Ediacaran Fossils Lichens?". Paleobiology. 20 (4): 523–544. Bibcode:1994Pbio...20..523R. doi:10.1017/s0094837300012975. JSTOR 2401233.
Hoekzema, Renee S.; Brasier, Martin D.; Dunn, Frances S.; Liu, Alexander G. (13 September 2017). "Quantitative study of developmental biology confirms Dickinsonia as a metazoan". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1862) 20171348. Bibcode:2017PBioS.28471348H. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.1348. PMC 5597836. PMID 28904140.
Retallack, G.J.; Dunn, K.L.; Saxby, J. (2015). "Problematic Mesoproterozoic fossil Horodyskia from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA". Precambrian Research. 226: 125–142. Bibcode:2013PreR..226..125R. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.12.005.
Retallack, G.J.; Krull, E.S.; Thackray, G.D.; Parkinson, D. (2013). "Problematic urn-shaped fossils from a Paleoproterozoic (2.2 Ga) paleosol in South Africa". Precambrian Research. 235: 71–87. Bibcode:2013PreR..235...71R. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2013.05.015.
Nelsen, Matthew P.; Lücking, Robert; Boyce, C. Kevin; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Ree, Richard H. (January 2020). "No support for the emergence of lichens prior to the evolution of vascular plants". Geobiology. 18 (1): 3–13. Bibcode:2020Gbio...18....3N. doi:10.1111/gbi.12369. PMID 31729136.
Song, Hyeunjeong; Kim, Ki-Tae; Park, Sook-Young; Lee, Gir-Won; Choi, Jaeyoung; Jeon, Jongbum; Cheong, Kyeongchae; Choi, Gobong; Hur, Jae-Seoun; Lee, Yong-Hwan (24 June 2022). "A comparative genomic analysis of lichen-forming fungi reveals new insights into fungal lifestyles". Scientific Reports. 12 (1) 10724. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1210724S. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14340-5. PMC 9232553. PMID 35750715.
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anbg.gov.au (Global: 4,747^th place; English: 3,500^th place)

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berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

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books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

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cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

dictionary.cambridge.org

"Lichen". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Grube, Martin; Cardinale, Massimiliano; de Castro, João Vieira; Müller, Henry; Berg, Gabriele (September 2009). "Species-specific structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities in lichen symbioses". The ISME Journal. 3 (9): 1105–1115. Bibcode:2009ISMEJ...3.1105G. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.63. PMID 19554038.
Grube, Martin; Berg, Gabriele (August 2009). "Microbial consortia of bacteria and fungi with focus on the lichen symbiosis". Fungal Biology Reviews. 23 (3): 72–85. Bibcode:2009FunBR..23...72G. doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2009.10.001.
Spribille, Toby; Tuovinen, Veera; Resl, Philipp; Vanderpool, Dan; Wolinski, Heimo; Aime, M. Catherine; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Toome-Heller, Merje; Thor, Göran; Mayrhofer, Helmut; Johannesson, Hanna; McCutcheon, John P. (29 July 2016). "Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens". Science. 353 (6298): 488–92. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..488S. doi:10.1126/science.aaf8287. PMC 5793994. PMID 27445309.
Kumpula, Jouko; Lefrère, Stéphanie C.; Nieminen, Mauri (2004). "The Use of Woodland Lichen Pasture by Reindeer in Winter with Easy Snow Conditions". Arctic. 57 (3). Bibcode:2004Arcti..57ic504K. doi:10.14430/arctic504.
Fröberg, Lars; Baur, Anette; Baur, Bruno (January 1993). "Differential herbivore damage to calcicolous lichens by snails". The Lichenologist. 25 (1): 83. doi:10.1017/s002428299300009x.
Leinaas, Hans Petter; Fjellberg, Arne (June 1985). "Habitat Structure and Life History Strategies of Two Partly Sympatric and Closely Related, Lichen Feeding Collembolan Species". Oikos. 44 (3): 448. Bibcode:1985Oikos..44..448L. doi:10.2307/3565786. JSTOR 3565786.
Gerson, U. (October 1973). "Lichen-Arthropod Associations". The Lichenologist. 5 (5–6): 434–443. Bibcode:1973ThLic...5..434G. doi:10.1017/S0024282973000484.
Margulis, Lynn; Barreno, EVA (2003). "Looking at Lichens". BioScience. 53 (8): 776. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0776:LAL]2.0.CO;2.
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Casano, Leonardo M.; del Campo, Eva M.; García-Breijo, Francisco J.; Reig-Armiñana, José; Gasulla, Francisco; del Hoyo, Alicia; Guéra, Alfredo; Barreno, Eva (March 2011). "Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus Competition?". Environmental Microbiology. 13 (3): 806–818. Bibcode:2011EnvMi..13..806C. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02386.x. hdl:10251/60269. PMID 21134099.
Grube, Martin; Cardinale, Massimiliano; de Castro, João Vieira; Müller, Henry; Berg, Gabriele (September 2009). "Species-specific structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities in lichen symbioses". The ISME Journal. 3 (9): 1105–1115. Bibcode:2009ISMEJ...3.1105G. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.63. PMID 19554038.
McCune, Bruce (2007). "Lichens in relation to management issues". Pacific Northwest Fungi: 1–39. doi:10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.003 (inactive 18 July 2026). hdl:2376/123130.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)
Büdel, B.; Scheidegger, C. (1996). "Thallus morphology and anatomy". Lichen Biology. pp. 37–64. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511790478.005. ISBN 978-0-511-79047-8.
Heiđmarsson, Starri; Heidmarsson, Starri (1996). "Pruina as a Taxonomic Character in the Lichen Genus Dermatocarpon". The Bryologist. 99 (3): 315–320. doi:10.2307/3244302. JSTOR 3244302.
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