Life (English Wikipedia)

André Brack (1998). "Introduction" (PDF). In André Brack (ed.). The Molecular Origins of Life. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-56475-5. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
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Hamilton Raven, Peter; Brooks Johnson, George (2002). Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
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Chiras, Daniel C. (2001). Environmental Science – Creating a Sustainable Future (6th ed.). Sudbury, MA : Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 978-0-7637-1316-4.
Russell, Peter (2001). iGenetics. New York: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-8053-4553-7.
Sapp, Jan (2003). Genesis: The Evolution of Biology. Oxford University Press. pp. 75–78. ISBN 978-0-19-515619-5.
Alberts, Bruce; Bray, Dennis; Lewis, Julian; et al. (1994). "From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms". Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-1620-6. Retrieved 12 June 2012.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu

"Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?". Phoenix Mars Mission. The University of Arizona. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
"Habitability and Biology: What are the Properties of Life?". Phoenix Mars Mission. The University of Arizona. Archived from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2013.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Kauffman, Stuart (1 January 2012). "No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere". Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO '12. pp. 1379–1392. arXiv:1201.2069. Bibcode:2012arXiv1201.2069L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.3838. doi:10.1145/2330784.2330946. ISBN 978-1-4503-1178-6. S2CID 15609415. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Lineweaver, Charles H.; Fenner, Yeshe; Gibson, Brad K. (January 2004). "The Galactic Habitable Zone and the age distribution of complex life in the Milky Way". Science. 303 (5654): 59–62. arXiv:astro-ph/0401024. Bibcode:2004Sci...303...59L. doi:10.1126/science.1092322. PMID 14704421. S2CID 18140737. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
Green, James; Hoehler, Tori; Neveu, Marc; et al. (27 October 2021). "Call for a framework for reporting evidence for life beyond Earth". Nature. 598 (7882): 575–579. arXiv:2107.10975. Bibcode:2021Natur.598..575G. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03804-9. PMID 34707302. S2CID 236318566. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.

astro-ecology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mautner, Michael N. (1997). "Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds" (PDF). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 50: 93–102. Bibcode:1997JBIS...50...93M. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2012.
Mautner, Michael N. (2000). Seeding the Universe with Life: Securing Our Cosmological Future (PDF). Michael Mautner. ISBN 978-0-476-00330-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2012.
Mautner, Michael N. (2009). "Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space" (PDF). Bioethics. 23 (8): 433–440. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00688.x. PMID 19077128. S2CID 25203457. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2012.

astrobio.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hadhazy, Adam (12 January 2015). "Life Might Thrive a Dozen Miles Beneath Earth's Surface". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

basicbiology.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Purcell, Adam (5 February 2016). "DNA". Basic Biology. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Fox-Skelly, Jasmin (24 November 2015). "The Strange Beasts That Live in Solid Rock Deep Underground". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Morelle, Rebecca (15 December 2014). "Microbes discovered by deepest marine drill analysed". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Aristotle". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

bioinfo.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chopra, Paras; Akhil Kamma. "Engineering life through Synthetic Biology". In Silico Biology. 6. Archived from the original on 5 August 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; English: 357^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Friedrich Wöhler (1828). "Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs". Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 88 (2): 253–256. Bibcode:1828AnP....88..253W. doi:10.1002/andp.18280880206. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Kaufmann, Stuart (2004). "Autonomous agents". In Barrow, John D.; Davies, P.C.W.; Harper, Jr., C.L. (eds.). Science and Ultimate Reality. pp. 654–666. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511814990.032. ISBN 978-0-521-83113-0. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
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Stewart-Williams, Steve (2010). Darwin, God and the meaning of life: how evolutionary theory undermines everything you thought you knew of life. Cambridge University Press. pp. 193–194. ISBN 978-0-521-76278-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
Schwartz, Sanford (2009). C.S. Lewis on the Final Frontier: Science and the Supernatural in the Space Trilogy. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-988839-9. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
Rabinbach, Anson (1992). The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. University of California Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-0-520-07827-7. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
Milsom, Clare; Rigby, Sue (2009). Fossils at a Glance (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-4051-9336-8. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
Hall, Brian K.; Hallgrímsson, Benedikt (2008). Strickberger's Evolution (4th ed.). Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 4–6. ISBN 978-0-7637-0066-9. LCCN 2007008981. OCLC 85814089.
McKinney, Michael L. (1996). "How do rare species avoid extinction? A paleontological view". In Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin (eds.). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences. Springer. ISBN 978-0-412-63380-5. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
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Selis, Frank (2006). "Habitability: the point of view of an astronomer". In Gargaud, Muriel; Martin, Hervé; Claeys, Philippe (eds.). Lectures in Astrobiology. Vol. 2. Springer. pp. 210–214. ISBN 978-3-540-33692-1. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
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bris.ac.uk (Global: 5,759^th place; English: 4,110^th place)

palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk

"What is an extinction?". Late Triassic. Bristol University. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Erya". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 July 2026.
"Taxonomy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 July 2026.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

dictionary.cambridge.org

"Biota". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 31 October 2025.

assets.cambridge.org

André Brack (1998). "Introduction" (PDF). In André Brack (ed.). The Molecular Origins of Life. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-56475-5. Retrieved 7 January 2009.

journals.cambridge.org

Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (1998). "A revised six-kingdom system of life". Biological Reviews. 73 (3): 203–66. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x. PMID 9809012. S2CID 6557779.

carleton.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,913^th place)

serc.carleton.edu

"Are Viruses Alive?". Yellowstone Thermal Viruses. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

cern.ch (Global: 2,552^nd place; English: 2,008^th place)

cds.cern.ch

Lineweaver, Charles H.; Fenner, Yeshe; Gibson, Brad K. (January 2004). "The Galactic Habitable Zone and the age distribution of complex life in the Milky Way". Science. 303 (5654): 59–62. arXiv:astro-ph/0401024. Bibcode:2004Sci...303...59L. doi:10.1126/science.1092322. PMID 14704421. S2CID 18140737. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2018.

cosmosmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fuge, Lauren (30 October 2021). "NASA proposes playbook for communicating the discovery of alien life – Sensationalising aliens is so 20th century, according to NASA scientists". Cosmos. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.

deathreference.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Definition of death". Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Advameg, Inc. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2012.

degruyter.com (Global: 927^th place; English: 757^th place)

"The Monadology". Leibniz's Monadology. Edinburgh University Press. 10 September 2014. pp. 14–33. doi:10.1515/9780748693238-006. ISBN 978-0-7486-9323-8. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"Artificial life". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Strassert JF, Jamy M, Mylnikov AP, et al. (April 2019). Shapiro B (ed.). "New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 757–765. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012. PMC 6844682. PMID 30668767.
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arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; English: 357^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

bris.ac.uk (Global: 5,759^th place; English: 4,110^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

carleton.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,913^th place)

cern.ch (Global: 2,552^nd place; English: 2,008^th place)

degruyter.com (Global: 927^th place; English: 757^th place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

encyclopedia.com (Global: 457^th place; English: 342^nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

genome.gov (Global: 8,866^th place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

journals.co.za (Global: 7,513^th place; English: 4,443^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

libretexts.org (Global: 4,683^rd place; English: 3,565^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

msn.com (Global: 188^th place; English: 215^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

ncsu.edu (Global: 2,653^rd place; English: 1,525^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

pnas.org (Global: 1,411^th place; English: 3,728^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; English: 967^th place)

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939^th place; English: 1,533^rd place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

ucsc.edu (Global: 4,139^th place; English: 2,783^rd place)

uct.ac.za (Global: 7,034^th place; English: 4,202^nd place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

whiterose.ac.uk (Global: 4,283^rd place; English: 2,414^th place)

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)