Life expectancy (English Wikipedia)

CDC (April 1999). "Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900–1999". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 48 (12): 241–243. PMID 10220250. Reprinted in: "From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900–1999". JAMA. 281 (16): 1481. April 1999. doi:10.1001/jama.281.16.1481. PMID 10227303. S2CID 2030845.

aphapublications.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ajph.aphapublications.org

Wilper AP, Woolhandler S, Lasser KE, McCormick D, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU (2009). "Health Insurance and Mortality in US Adults". American Journal of Public Health. 99 (12): 2289–2295. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.157685. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 2775760. Retrieved 8 May 2026.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Paul DN (1993). We Were Not the Savages: A Micmac Perspective on the Collision of European and Aboriginal Civilizations (1st ed.). Nimbus. ISBN 978-1-55109-056-6.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"A millennium of health improvement". BBC News. 27 December 1998. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
"Social factors key to ill health". BBC News. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
"GP explains life expectancy gap". BBC News. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008.

bbc.co.uk

"History—The Foundling Hospital". BBC. 1 May 2001.
"Fruit flies offer DNA clue to why women live longer". BBC News. 2 August 2012.

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

Torpey E. "Measuring the value of education: Career Outlook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". bls.gov. Retrieved 10 March 2019.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Kotre JN, Hall E (1997). Seasons of Life: The Dramatic Journey from Birth to Death. University of Michigan Press. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-0-472-08512-5.
Ryan G (1 September 2021). Naked Statues, Fat Gladiators, and War Elephants: Frequently Asked Questions about the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-63388-703-9.
Boatwright MT (2021). Imperial Women of Rome: Power, Gender, Context. Oxford University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-19-045589-7.
- Scheidel W (2017). Debating Roman Demography. BRILL. p. 29. ISBN 978-90-04-35109-7. 25–30
- Saller RP (1997). Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–25. ISBN 978-0-521-59978-8.
- Maher G (2021). The Imperial Roman Economy. Kilnamanagh. pp. 123, 137, 123–151. ISBN 978-1-9996262-2-8.
- Bagchi AK (2008). Perilous Passage: Mankind and the Global Ascendancy of Capital. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4617-0515-4.
- Bitel LM (24 October 2002). Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400–1100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59773-9.
- Mc Krause S. Life in the Aztec Empire. Brainy Bookstore Mckrause.
- Lancaster HO (1990). Expectations of Life. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-387-97105-6.
- Li B (2021). An Early Modern Economy in China. Cambridge University Press. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-1-108-47920-2.
- Codario RA (28 October 2007). Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-59259-932-5.
- Wanjek C (2002), Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O, Wiley, pp. 70–71, ISBN 978-0-471-43499-3.

braou.ac.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

openbooks.braou.ac.in

Worthy LD, Lavigne T, Romero F (27 July 2020). Life Expectancy.^{[permanent dead link]}

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Mortality". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
"Population Change Modernization". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 May 2024.

brown.edu (Global: 2,455^th place; English: 1,451^st place)

Galor O, Moav O (2007). "The Neolithic Revolution and Contemporary Variations in Life Expectancy" (PDF). Brown University Working Paper. Retrieved 12 September 2010.

bu.edu (Global: 2,348^th place; English: 1,348^th place)

"US Excess Deaths Continued to Rise Even After the COVID-19 Pandemic". Retrieved 15 October 2025.
McKoy J (14 July 2023). "The Missing Americans: Unprecedented US Mortality Far Exceeds Other Wealthy Nations". School of Public Health. Boston University. Retrieved 3 June 2024.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

cdc.gov

CDC (April 1999). "Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900–1999". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 48 (12): 241–243. PMID 10220250. Reprinted in: "From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900–1999". JAMA. 281 (16): 1481. April 1999. doi:10.1001/jama.281.16.1481. PMID 10227303. S2CID 2030845.
"Life Expectancy in the U.S. Dropped for the Second Year in a Row in 2021". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
"U.S. life expectancy hits record high as drug overdose deaths decline in 2024". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 29 January 2026. Retrieved 1 February 2026.
Xu J, Murphy S, Kochanek KD, Arias E (29 January 2026). "Mortality in the United States 2024". National Center for Health Statistics Brief / CDC. Retrieved 1 February 2026.
"CDC - NCHS - National Center for Health Statistics". www.cdc.gov. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Curtin SC, Arias E (2013). "Deaths: Final Data for 2010" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 61 (4). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics=: 1–117. PMID 24979972.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Anderson RN (2000). "A method for constructing complete annual U.S. life tables" (PDF). Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2, Data Evaluation and Methods Research (129): 1–28. PMID 11824050.

stacks.cdc.gov

Arias E, Xu J, Kochanek KD (7 November 2023). "United States Life Tables, 2021". National Vital Statistics Reports. 72 (12). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 1–64. PMID 38048433. Retrieved 8 January 2025.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

"Resident Population. National Population Estimates for the 2000s. Monthly Postcensal Resident Population, by single year of age, sex, race, and Hispanic Origin". Bureau of the Census. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Different figures, based on earlier assumptions (104,754 centenarians on Nov.1, 2009) are provided in "Older Americans Month" (PDF). Facts for Features. Bureau of the Census. May 2010. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2016.

channel4.com (Global: 1,192^nd place; English: 622^nd place)

"Time traveller's guide to Medieval Britain". Channel4.com. Retrieved 4 November 2010.

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

"The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". 4 November 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021.

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

"We Tried Out the AI Death Clock App. It Was Surprisingly Encouraging". CNET. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

dh.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tackling health inequalities: Status report on the Programme for Action". UK: Department of Health. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007.

diabetes.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Diabetes Life Expectancy – Type 1 and Type 2 Life Expectancy". 15 January 2019.

discoverymedicine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Olshansky SJ, Rattan SI (August 2005). "What determines longevity: Metabolic rate or stability?". Discovery Medicine. 5 (28): 359–362. PMID 20704872.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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Carrieri MP, Serraino D (December 2005). "Longevity of popes and artists between the 13th and the 19th century". International Journal of Epidemiology. 34 (6): 1435–1436. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi211. PMID 16260451.
Griffin JP (December 2008). "Changing life expectancy throughout history". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 101 (12): 577. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k037. PMC 2625386. PMID 19092024. Note: Author is clearly using the term "life expectancy" to mean total years, as is evident from the fact that a life expectancy of 79.2 is given for a 15 year old girl in 1989.
CDC (April 1999). "Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900–1999". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 48 (12): 241–243. PMID 10220250. Reprinted in: "From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ten great public health achievements—United States, 1900–1999". JAMA. 281 (16): 1481. April 1999. doi:10.1001/jama.281.16.1481. PMID 10227303. S2CID 2030845.
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Tsugane S (June 2021). "Why has Japan become the world's most long-lived country: insights from a food and nutrition perspective". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 75 (6): 921–928. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0677-5. PMC 8189904. PMID 32661353.
Zhao HL, Zhu X, Sui Y (2 August 2006). "The Short-Lived Chinese Emperors". Geriatrics Healthcare Professionals. 54 (8): 1295–1296. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00821.x. PMID 16914004. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
Wilper AP, Woolhandler S, Lasser KE, McCormick D, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU (2009). "Health Insurance and Mortality in US Adults". American Journal of Public Health. 99 (12): 2289–2295. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.157685. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 2775760. Retrieved 8 May 2026.
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economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"Why life expectancy is lower in eastern Europe". The Economist. 20 September 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Timmers PR, Tiys ES, Sakaue S, Akiyama M, Kiiskinen TT, Zhou W, et al. (January 2022). "Mendelian randomization of genetically independent aging phenotypes identifies LPA and VCAM1 as biological targets for human aging". Nature Aging. 2 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1038/s43587-021-00159-8. hdl:20.500.11820/1bac547c-2eb9-47e1-b4b8-e80d741941c7. PMID 37118362. S2CID 246093885.

healthprep.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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healthsystemtracker.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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hhs.gov (Global: 6,008^th place; English: 3,458^th place)

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infinityisreallybig.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kinney B (1 May 2019). "Curtate Expectation of Life". Infinity is Really Big. Retrieved 18 November 2022.

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121^st place; English: 3,035^th place)

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japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

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theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ama-assn.org (Global: 4,430^th place; English: 4,511^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

brown.edu (Global: 2,455^th place; English: 1,451^st place)

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cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

channel4.com (Global: 1,192^nd place; English: 622^nd place)

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

hhs.gov (Global: 6,008^th place; English: 3,458^th place)

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121^st place; English: 3,035^th place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

lse.ac.uk (Global: 2,065^th place; English: 1,246^th place)

madamenoire.com (Global: low place; English: 9,827^th place)

medscape.com (Global: 1,078^th place; English: 916^th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

northamptonchron.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 7,229^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ons.gov.uk (Global: 1,126^th place; English: 939^th place)

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ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,491^st place; English: 1,740^th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

scienceblogs.com (Global: low place; English: 9,132^nd place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

ssa.gov (Global: 5,326^th place; English: 3,305^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

tripod.com (Global: 666^th place; English: 543^rd place)

uh.edu (Global: 4,344^th place; English: 2,634^th place)

umn.edu (Global: 1,293^rd place; English: 776^th place)

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washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

webmd.com (Global: 2,056^th place; English: 1,884^th place)

who.int (Global: 213^th place; English: 314^th place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldometers.info (Global: 2,960^th place; English: 6,742^nd place)