Light-emitting diode physics (English Wikipedia)

Mueller, Gerd (2000) Electroluminescence I, Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-752173-9, p. 67, "escape cone of light" from semiconductor, illustrations of light cones on p. 69
Lipták, Bela G. (2005) Instrument Engineers' Handbook: Process control and optimization, CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-1081-4 p. 537, "cone of light" in context of optical fibers
Capper, Peter; Mauk, Michael (2007). Liquid phase epitaxy of electronic, optical, and optoelectronic materials. Wiley. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-470-85290-3. faceted structures are of interest for solar cells, LEDs, thermophotovoltaic devices, and detectors in that nonplanar surfaces and facets can enhance optical coupling and light-trapping effects, [with example microphotograph of a faceted crystal substrate].
Dakin, John and Brown, Robert G. W. (eds.) Handbook of optoelectronics, Volume 2, Taylor & Francis, 2006 ISBN 0-7503-0646-7 p. 356, "Die shaping is a step towards the ideal solution, that of a point light source at the center of a spherical semiconductor die."
Schubert, E. Fred (2006) Light-emitting diodes, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-86538-7 p. 97, "Epoxy Encapsulants", "The light extraction efficiency can be enhanced by using dome-shaped encapsulants with a large refractive index."

cree.com

"Cree First to Break 300 Lumens-Per-Watt Barrier" Archived 2015-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, Cree news

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Identifying the Causes of LED Efficiency Droop Archived December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, By Steven Keeping, Digi-Key Corporation Tech Zone

doi.org

Narendran, N.; Y. Gu (2005). "Life of LED-based white light sources". Journal of Display Technology. 1 (1): 167–171. Bibcode:2005JDisT...1..167N. doi:10.1109/JDT.2005.852510. S2CID 32847174.
Koizumi, S.; Watanabe, K.; Hasegawa, M.; Kanda, H. (2001). "Ultraviolet Emission from a Diamond pn Junction". Science. 292 (5523): 1899–1901. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1899K. doi:10.1126/science.1060258. PMID 11397942. S2CID 10675358.
Kubota, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Tsuda, O.; Taniguchi, T. (2007). "Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure". Science. 317 (5840): 932–934. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..932K. doi:10.1126/science.1144216. PMID 17702939. S2CID 196949298.
Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Kanda, H. (2004). "Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal". Nature Materials. 3 (6): 404–409. Bibcode:2004NatMa...3..404W. doi:10.1038/nmat1134. PMID 15156198. S2CID 23563849.
Taniyasu, Y.; Kasu, M.; Makimoto, T. (2006). "An aluminium nitride light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 210 nanometres". Nature. 441 (7091): 325–328. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..325T. doi:10.1038/nature04760. PMID 16710416. S2CID 4373542.
Neidhardt, H.; Wilhelm, L.; Zagrebnov, V. A. (February 2015). "A New Model for Quantum Dot Light Emitting-Absorbing Bevices: Proofs and Supplements". Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics. 6 (1): 6–45. doi:10.17586/2220-8054-2015-6-1-6-45.
Colvin, V. L.; Schlamp, M. C.; Alivisatos, A. P. (1994). "Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer". Nature. 370 (6488): 354–357. Bibcode:1994Natur.370..354C. doi:10.1038/370354a0. S2CID 4324973.
Hoshino, K.; Gopal, A.; Glaz, M. S.; Vanden Bout, D. A.; Zhang, X. (2012). "Nanoscale fluorescence imaging with quantum dot near-field electroluminescence". Applied Physics Letters. 101 (4): 043118. Bibcode:2012ApPhL.101d3118H. doi:10.1063/1.4739235.

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LED types by Color, Brightness, and Chemistry. Donklipstein.com. Retrieved on March 16, 2012.

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"Lifetime of White LEDs". Archived from the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-10., US Department of Energy

harvard.edu

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Narendran, N.; Y. Gu (2005). "Life of LED-based white light sources". Journal of Display Technology. 1 (1): 167–171. Bibcode:2005JDisT...1..167N. doi:10.1109/JDT.2005.852510. S2CID 32847174.
Koizumi, S.; Watanabe, K.; Hasegawa, M.; Kanda, H. (2001). "Ultraviolet Emission from a Diamond pn Junction". Science. 292 (5523): 1899–1901. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1899K. doi:10.1126/science.1060258. PMID 11397942. S2CID 10675358.
Kubota, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Tsuda, O.; Taniguchi, T. (2007). "Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure". Science. 317 (5840): 932–934. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..932K. doi:10.1126/science.1144216. PMID 17702939. S2CID 196949298.
Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Kanda, H. (2004). "Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal". Nature Materials. 3 (6): 404–409. Bibcode:2004NatMa...3..404W. doi:10.1038/nmat1134. PMID 15156198. S2CID 23563849.
Taniyasu, Y.; Kasu, M.; Makimoto, T. (2006). "An aluminium nitride light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 210 nanometres". Nature. 441 (7091): 325–328. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..325T. doi:10.1038/nature04760. PMID 16710416. S2CID 4373542.
Colvin, V. L.; Schlamp, M. C.; Alivisatos, A. P. (1994). "Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer". Nature. 370 (6488): 354–357. Bibcode:1994Natur.370..354C. doi:10.1038/370354a0. S2CID 4324973.
Hoshino, K.; Gopal, A.; Glaz, M. S.; Vanden Bout, D. A.; Zhang, X. (2012). "Nanoscale fluorescence imaging with quantum dot near-field electroluminescence". Applied Physics Letters. 101 (4): 043118. Bibcode:2012ApPhL.101d3118H. doi:10.1063/1.4739235.

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spectrum.ieee.org

Stevenson, Richard (August 2009) The LED’s Dark Secret: Solid-state lighting won't supplant the lightbulb until it can overcome the mysterious malady known as droop Archived 2009-08-05 at the Wayback Machine. IEEE Spectrum

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Quantum-dot LED may be screen of choice for future electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology News Office, December 18, 2002

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nrl.navy.mil

McKinney, Donna (19 February 2014) A Roadmap to Efficient Green-Blue-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

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nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koizumi, S.; Watanabe, K.; Hasegawa, M.; Kanda, H. (2001). "Ultraviolet Emission from a Diamond pn Junction". Science. 292 (5523): 1899–1901. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1899K. doi:10.1126/science.1060258. PMID 11397942. S2CID 10675358.
Kubota, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Tsuda, O.; Taniguchi, T. (2007). "Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure". Science. 317 (5840): 932–934. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..932K. doi:10.1126/science.1144216. PMID 17702939. S2CID 196949298.
Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Kanda, H. (2004). "Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal". Nature Materials. 3 (6): 404–409. Bibcode:2004NatMa...3..404W. doi:10.1038/nmat1134. PMID 15156198. S2CID 23563849.
Taniyasu, Y.; Kasu, M.; Makimoto, T. (2006). "An aluminium nitride light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 210 nanometres". Nature. 441 (7091): 325–328. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..325T. doi:10.1038/nature04760. PMID 16710416. S2CID 4373542.

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techon.nikkeibp.co.jp

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"Cree Sets New Record for White LED Efficiency", Tech-On, April 23, 2012.

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"All in 1 LED Lighting Solutions Guide". PhilipsLumileds.com. Philips. 2012-10-04. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 14, 2013. Retrieved 2015-11-18.

physicsworld.com

"LEDs move into the ultraviolet". physicsworld.com. May 17, 2006. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2007.

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Conway, K. M. and J. D. Bullough. 1999. Will LEDs transform traffic signals as they did exit signs? Proceedings of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Annual Conference (pp. 1–9), New Orleans, Louisiana, August 9–11. New York, NY: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.

sciencedaily.com

Iveland, Justin; Martinelli, Lucio; Peretti, Jacques; Speck, James S.; Weisbuch, Claude. "Cause of LED Efficiency Droop Finally Revealed". Physical Review Letters, 2013. Science Daily. Retrieved 23 April 2013.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Narendran, N.; Y. Gu (2005). "Life of LED-based white light sources". Journal of Display Technology. 1 (1): 167–171. Bibcode:2005JDisT...1..167N. doi:10.1109/JDT.2005.852510. S2CID 32847174.
Koizumi, S.; Watanabe, K.; Hasegawa, M.; Kanda, H. (2001). "Ultraviolet Emission from a Diamond pn Junction". Science. 292 (5523): 1899–1901. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1899K. doi:10.1126/science.1060258. PMID 11397942. S2CID 10675358.
Kubota, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Tsuda, O.; Taniguchi, T. (2007). "Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure". Science. 317 (5840): 932–934. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..932K. doi:10.1126/science.1144216. PMID 17702939. S2CID 196949298.
Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Kanda, H. (2004). "Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal". Nature Materials. 3 (6): 404–409. Bibcode:2004NatMa...3..404W. doi:10.1038/nmat1134. PMID 15156198. S2CID 23563849.
Taniyasu, Y.; Kasu, M.; Makimoto, T. (2006). "An aluminium nitride light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 210 nanometres". Nature. 441 (7091): 325–328. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..325T. doi:10.1038/nature04760. PMID 16710416. S2CID 4373542.
Colvin, V. L.; Schlamp, M. C.; Alivisatos, A. P. (1994). "Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer". Nature. 370 (6488): 354–357. Bibcode:1994Natur.370..354C. doi:10.1038/370354a0. S2CID 4324973.

web.archive.org

"Optical Properties of Silicon". PVCDROM.PVEducation.org. Archived from the original on 2009-06-05.
"All in 1 LED Lighting Solutions Guide". PhilipsLumileds.com. Philips. 2012-10-04. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 14, 2013. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
"Cree First to Break 300 Lumens-Per-Watt Barrier" Archived 2015-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, Cree news
Identifying the Causes of LED Efficiency Droop Archived December 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, By Steven Keeping, Digi-Key Corporation Tech Zone
Stevenson, Richard (August 2009) The LED’s Dark Secret: Solid-state lighting won't supplant the lightbulb until it can overcome the mysterious malady known as droop Archived 2009-08-05 at the Wayback Machine. IEEE Spectrum
"Lifetime of White LEDs". Archived from the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-10., US Department of Energy
OSRAM: green LED Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. osram-os.com. Retrieved on March 16, 2012.
"LEDs move into the ultraviolet". physicsworld.com. May 17, 2006. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2007.
How to Wire/Connect LEDs Archived March 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Llamma.com. Retrieved on March 16, 2012.
Nanoco Signs Agreement with Major Japanese Electronics Company Archived 2010-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, nanocogroup.com (September 23, 2009)

worldcat.org

Nanotechnologie Aktuell, pp. 98–99, v. 4, 2011, ISSN 1866-4997