Lignite (English Wikipedia)

"Reclamation Process". Mining Lignite Coal for our Energy Future. BNI Coal. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
"Mining Process". Mining Lignite Coal for our Energy Future. BNI Coal. Retrieved 25 September 2021.

boell.de

Holdinghausen, Heike. "Gesundheit: Feiner Staub, großer Schaden". Heinrich Böll Stiftung. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.

books.google.com

Mackie, Samuel Joseph (1861). The Geologist. Original from Harvard University: Reynolds. pp. 197–200.
Tan, Kim H. (22 April 2003). Humic Matter in Soil and the Environment: Principles and Controversies. CRC Press. ISBN 9780203912546. Retrieved 30 June 2022 – via Google Books.

britannica.com

Kopp, Otto C. "Lignite" Archived 2019-06-03 at the Wayback Machine in Encyclopædia Britannica

bund.de

bgr.bund.de

"Deutschland ‒Rohstoffsituation 2015" (PDF). Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (in German). 1 November 2016. Archived from the original (pdf) on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
"Energiestudie 2016 Tabellen". Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017.

cleanenergywire.org

Appunn, Kerstine (7 August 2018). "Germany's three lignite mining regions". The Clean Energy Wire. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2019. Germany has been the largest lignite producer in the world since the beginning of industrial lignite mining. It still is, followed by China, Russia, and the United States. The softer and moister lignite (also called brown or soft coal) has a lower calorific value than hard coal and can only be mined in opencast operations. When burned, it is more CO2 intensive than hard coal.

doi.org

Schobert, Harold H., ed. (1995). "Chapter 1 The principal lignite deposits of North America". Coal Science and Technology. 23: 1–50. doi:10.1016/S0167-9449(06)80002-9. ISBN 9780444898234.
Thuβ, U.; Popp, P.; Ehrlich, Chr.; Kalkoff, W.-D. (July 1995). "Domestic lignite combustion as source of polychlorodibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDD/F)". Chemosphere. 31 (2): 2591–2604. Bibcode:1995Chmsp..31.2591T. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00132-R.
Kim Thi Tran, Cuc; Rose, Michael T.; Cavagnaro, Timothy R.; Patti, Antonio F. (November 2015). "Lignite amendment has limited impacts on soil microbial communities and mineral nitrogen availability". Applied Soil Ecology. 95: 140–150. Bibcode:2015AppSE..95..140K. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.06.020.
Li, Changjian; Xiong, Yunwu; Zou, Jiaye; Dong, Li; Ren, Ping; Huang, Guanhua (March 2021). "Impact of biochar and lignite-based amendments on microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil". Vadose Zone Journal. 20 (2). Bibcode:2021VZJ....2020105L. doi:10.1002/vzj2.20105.
Lyons, Graham; Genc, Yusuf (28 October 2016). "Commercial Humates in Agriculture: Real Substance or Smoke and Mirrors?". Agronomy. 6 (4): 50. Bibcode:2016Agron...6...50L. doi:10.3390/agronomy6040050.
Ram, Lal C.; Srivastava, Nishant K.; Jha, Sangeet K.; Sinha, Awadhesh K.; Masto, Reginald E.; Selvi, Vetrivel A. (September 2007). "Management of Lignite Fly Ash for Improving Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity". Environmental Management. 40 (3): 438–452. Bibcode:2007EnMan..40..438R. doi:10.1007/s00267-006-0126-9. PMID 17705037. S2CID 1257174.
Jones, Richard; Petit, R; Taber, R (1984). "Lignite and stillage:carrier and substrate for application of fungal biocontrol agents to soil". Phytopathology. 74 (10): 1167–1170. doi:10.1094/Phyto-74-1167.
Gong, Guanqun; Xu, Liangwei; Zhang, Yingjie; Liu, Weixin; Wang, Ming; Zhao, Yufeng; Yuan, Xin; Li, Yajun (3 November 2020). "Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization of Its Functional Groups". ACS Omega. 5 (43): 27953–27961. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c03388. PMC 7643152. PMID 33163778.
Elgibaly, A.; Farahat, M.; Abd El Nabbi, M. (1 December 2018). "The Optimum Types and Characteristics of Drilling Fluids Used During Drilling in The Egyption Western Desert". Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering. 20 (1): 89–100. doi:10.21608/jpme.2018.40453.
Qi, Ying; Hoadley, Andrew F.A.; Chaffee, Alan L.; Garnier, Gil (April 2011). "Characterisation of lignite as an industrial adsorbent". Fuel. 90 (4): 1567–1574. Bibcode:2011Fuel...90.1567Q. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.015.
Schweinfurth, Stanley P.; Finkelman, Robert P. (2002). "Coal – A complex natural resource". U.S. Geological Survey Circular. 1143. doi:10.3133/cir1143. hdl:2027/umn.31951d02181642b.
Ibarra, JoséV.; Muñoz, Edgar; Moliner, Rafael (June 1996). "FTIR study of the evolution of coal structure during the coalification process". Organic Geochemistry. 24 (6–7): 725–735. Bibcode:1996OrGeo..24..725I. doi:10.1016/0146-6380(96)00063-0.

donsmaps.com

"Venus figures from Petersfels". Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

dpi.vic.gov.au

new.dpi.vic.gov.au

Victoria, Australia: A principal brown coal province (PDF). Department of Primary Industries Melbourne. July 2010. ISBN 978-1-74199-835-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2011.

eia.gov

"Coal explained". Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
"Lignite". Glossary. U.S. Energy Information Agency. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
"Production of Lignite Coal". U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.

ens-newswire.com

"Greenpeace Germany Protests Brown Coal Power Stations". Environment News Service. 28 May 2004. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2007.

env-health.org

"Lignite coal – health effects and recommendations from the health sector" (PDF). Health and Environment Alliance. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

epcamr.org

"Coal types, formation, and methods of mining". Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation. 2016. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2021.

erneuerbareenergien.de

"Was der Kohlekompromiss für Deutschland bedeutet". Erneuerbareenergien.de. 13 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.

euractiv.com

"Greece confirms last coal plant will be shut in 2025". Euractiv.com. 26 April 2021.

ghostarchive.org

"Lignite coal – health effects and recommendations from the health sector" (PDF). Health and Environment Alliance. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
"Youngs, R.W. & Frost, C.M. 1963. Humic acids from leonardite – a soil conditioner and organic fertilizer. Ind. Eng. Chem., 55, 95–99" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

greens.org.au

vic.greens.org.au

"The Greens Won't Line Up For Dirty Brown Coal In The Valley". Australian Greens Victoria. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2007.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Schweinfurth, Stanley P.; Finkelman, Robert P. (2002). "Coal – A complex natural resource". U.S. Geological Survey Circular. 1143. doi:10.3133/cir1143. hdl:2027/umn.31951d02181642b.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Thuβ, U.; Popp, P.; Ehrlich, Chr.; Kalkoff, W.-D. (July 1995). "Domestic lignite combustion as source of polychlorodibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDD/F)". Chemosphere. 31 (2): 2591–2604. Bibcode:1995Chmsp..31.2591T. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00132-R.
Kim Thi Tran, Cuc; Rose, Michael T.; Cavagnaro, Timothy R.; Patti, Antonio F. (November 2015). "Lignite amendment has limited impacts on soil microbial communities and mineral nitrogen availability". Applied Soil Ecology. 95: 140–150. Bibcode:2015AppSE..95..140K. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.06.020.
Li, Changjian; Xiong, Yunwu; Zou, Jiaye; Dong, Li; Ren, Ping; Huang, Guanhua (March 2021). "Impact of biochar and lignite-based amendments on microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil". Vadose Zone Journal. 20 (2). Bibcode:2021VZJ....2020105L. doi:10.1002/vzj2.20105.
Lyons, Graham; Genc, Yusuf (28 October 2016). "Commercial Humates in Agriculture: Real Substance or Smoke and Mirrors?". Agronomy. 6 (4): 50. Bibcode:2016Agron...6...50L. doi:10.3390/agronomy6040050.
Ram, Lal C.; Srivastava, Nishant K.; Jha, Sangeet K.; Sinha, Awadhesh K.; Masto, Reginald E.; Selvi, Vetrivel A. (September 2007). "Management of Lignite Fly Ash for Improving Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity". Environmental Management. 40 (3): 438–452. Bibcode:2007EnMan..40..438R. doi:10.1007/s00267-006-0126-9. PMID 17705037. S2CID 1257174.
Patti, Antonio; Rose, Michael; Little, Karen; Jackson, Roy; Cavagnaro, Timothy (2014). "Evaluating Lignite-Derived Products (LDPs) for Agriculture – Does Research Inform Practice?". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts: 10165. Bibcode:2014EGUGA..1610165P. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
Qi, Ying; Hoadley, Andrew F.A.; Chaffee, Alan L.; Garnier, Gil (April 2011). "Characterisation of lignite as an industrial adsorbent". Fuel. 90 (4): 1567–1574. Bibcode:2011Fuel...90.1567Q. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.015.
Ibarra, JoséV.; Muñoz, Edgar; Moliner, Rafael (June 1996). "FTIR study of the evolution of coal structure during the coalification process". Organic Geochemistry. 24 (6–7): 725–735. Bibcode:1996OrGeo..24..725I. doi:10.1016/0146-6380(96)00063-0.

hornbach.de

"Briketts kaufen bei". Hornbach.de. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

ipplc.com.au

"End of generation at Hazelwood". Engie. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

ksta.de

"Kommentar zum Kohleausstieg: Der Kohlekompromiss ist ein Meisterstück". Ksta.de. 26 January 2019.

nationalgeographic.org

Turgeon, Andrew; Morse, Elizabeth (22 December 2012). "Coal". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ram, Lal C.; Srivastava, Nishant K.; Jha, Sangeet K.; Sinha, Awadhesh K.; Masto, Reginald E.; Selvi, Vetrivel A. (September 2007). "Management of Lignite Fly Ash for Improving Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity". Environmental Management. 40 (3): 438–452. Bibcode:2007EnMan..40..438R. doi:10.1007/s00267-006-0126-9. PMID 17705037. S2CID 1257174.
Gong, Guanqun; Xu, Liangwei; Zhang, Yingjie; Liu, Weixin; Wang, Ming; Zhao, Yufeng; Yuan, Xin; Li, Yajun (3 November 2020). "Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization of Its Functional Groups". ACS Omega. 5 (43): 27953–27961. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c03388. PMC 7643152. PMID 33163778.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gong, Guanqun; Xu, Liangwei; Zhang, Yingjie; Liu, Weixin; Wang, Ming; Zhao, Yufeng; Yuan, Xin; Li, Yajun (3 November 2020). "Extraction of Fulvic Acid from Lignite and Characterization of Its Functional Groups". ACS Omega. 5 (43): 27953–27961. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c03388. PMC 7643152. PMID 33163778.

obi.de

"Briketts kaufen bei". Obi.de. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

osmre.gov

"Reclamation Bonds". Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.

planete-energies.com

"The history of energy in Germany". Planete energies. Total Foundation. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.

reuters.com

"Kawasaki Heavy says liquefied hydrogen carrier departs Japan for Australia". Asia Pacific. Reuters. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.

rewe.de

shop.rewe.de

"Braunkohlebriketts 10kg bei REWE online bestellen!". Shop.rewe.de. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

scientificamerican.com

Irfan, Ulmair (3 November 2014). "How East Germany Cleaned Up Dirty Power". Scientific American. Springer Nature America, Inc. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2021.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ram, Lal C.; Srivastava, Nishant K.; Jha, Sangeet K.; Sinha, Awadhesh K.; Masto, Reginald E.; Selvi, Vetrivel A. (September 2007). "Management of Lignite Fly Ash for Improving Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity". Environmental Management. 40 (3): 438–452. Bibcode:2007EnMan..40..438R. doi:10.1007/s00267-006-0126-9. PMID 17705037. S2CID 1257174.

skai.gr

"Σκρέκας: Προετοιμάζουμε και σχεδιάζουμε την πράσινη πολιτική της χώρας | ΣΚΑΪ". Skai.gr. 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

soci.org

"Liquid fuel revival". Chemistry and Industry. No. 22. SCI. 2009. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.

tagesschau.de

"Interview zum Kohlekompromiss: "Damit ist es nicht getan"". Tagesschau.de.

web.archive.org

Kopp, Otto C. "Lignite" Archived 2019-06-03 at the Wayback Machine in Encyclopædia Britannica
"Coal explained". Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
Holdinghausen, Heike. "Gesundheit: Feiner Staub, großer Schaden". Heinrich Böll Stiftung. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
Victoria, Australia: A principal brown coal province (PDF). Department of Primary Industries Melbourne. July 2010. ISBN 978-1-74199-835-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2011.
"Hazelwood tops international list of dirty power stations". World Wide Fund for Nature Australia. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
"End of generation at Hazelwood". Engie. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
"The Greens Won't Line Up For Dirty Brown Coal In The Valley". Australian Greens Victoria. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
"Greenpeace Germany Protests Brown Coal Power Stations". Environment News Service. 28 May 2004. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
Irfan, Ulmair (3 November 2014). "How East Germany Cleaned Up Dirty Power". Scientific American. Springer Nature America, Inc. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
"Liquid fuel revival". Chemistry and Industry. No. 22. SCI. 2009. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
"The history of energy in Germany". Planete energies. Total Foundation. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
"Statistics on energy production in Germany 2014, Department of Energy (in german, lignite = "Braunkohle")" (PDF). 1 October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
"Was der Kohlekompromiss für Deutschland bedeutet". Erneuerbareenergien.de. 13 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
"Σκρέκας: Προετοιμάζουμε και σχεδιάζουμε την πράσινη πολιτική της χώρας | ΣΚΑΪ". Skai.gr. 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
"Briketts kaufen bei". Obi.de. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
"Briketts kaufen bei". Hornbach.de. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
"Braunkohlebriketts 10kg bei REWE online bestellen!". Shop.rewe.de. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
"Briketts kaufen bei Bauhaus". Bauhaus.info. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
Patti, Antonio; Rose, Michael; Little, Karen; Jackson, Roy; Cavagnaro, Timothy (2014). "Evaluating Lignite-Derived Products (LDPs) for Agriculture – Does Research Inform Practice?". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts: 10165. Bibcode:2014EGUGA..1610165P. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
"Venus figures from Petersfels". Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
"Coal types, formation, and methods of mining". Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation. 2016. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
Turgeon, Andrew; Morse, Elizabeth (22 December 2012). "Coal". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
"Reclamation Process". Mining Lignite Coal for our Energy Future. BNI Coal. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
"Reclamation Bonds". Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
"Kawasaki Heavy says liquefied hydrogen carrier departs Japan for Australia". Asia Pacific. Reuters. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
"Deutschland ‒Rohstoffsituation 2015" (PDF). Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (in German). 1 November 2016. Archived from the original (pdf) on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
Appunn, Kerstine (7 August 2018). "Germany's three lignite mining regions". The Clean Energy Wire. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2019. Germany has been the largest lignite producer in the world since the beginning of industrial lignite mining. It still is, followed by China, Russia, and the United States. The softer and moister lignite (also called brown or soft coal) has a lower calorific value than hard coal and can only be mined in opencast operations. When burned, it is more CO2 intensive than hard coal.
"Resources". World Coal Association. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
"Production of Lignite Coal". U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
"Energiestudie 2016 Tabellen". Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gordon, Richard (1987). World coal: economics, policies and prospects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 44. ISBN 0521308275. OCLC 506249066.

worldcoal.org

"Resources". World Coal Association. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.

wwf.org.au

"Hazelwood tops international list of dirty power stations". World Wide Fund for Nature Australia. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.

zdf.de

"Teurer Kohlekompromiss". Zdf.de. Retrieved 30 June 2022.