Lingua franca (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Lingua franca" in English language version.
refsWebsite
Global rank
English rank
1st place
1st place
3rd place
3rd place
40th place
58th place
5th place
5th place
low place
low place
9th place
13th place
209th place
191st place
6th place
6th place
1,473rd place
929th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
12th place
11th place
11th place
8th place
32nd place
21st place
3,963rd place
2,357th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
482nd place
552nd place
287th place
321st place
710th place
648th place
2,334th place
1,403rd place
1,053rd place
701st place
794th place
588th place
6,226th place
3,938th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
339th place
388th place
7th place
7th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
1,485th place
1,650th place
4,783rd place
3,049th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
305th place
264th place
22nd place
19th place
low place
7,632nd place
low place
low place
low place
low place
6,241st place
3,706th place
120th place
125th place
1,430th place
1,166th place
low place
low place
271st place
204th place
60th place
43rd place
1,067th place
749th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
581st place
738th place
3,395th place
2,576th place
ahdictionary.com
- Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 25 February 2018.
andaman.org
- The World's 10 Most Influential Languages Archived 12 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Top Languages. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
archive.org
- "An etymological dictionary of modern English : Weekley, Ernest, 1865–1954 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- Marc Fumaroli (2011). When The World Spoke French. Translated by Richard Howard. New York Review of Books. ISBN 978-1590173756.
bbc.com
- "Why the future of French is African". BBC News. 7 April 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
bild-lida.ca
- Tweedie, Gregory; Johnson, Robert. "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
books.google.com
- Morgan, J. (1632). A Compleat History of the Present Seat of War in Africa, Between the Spaniards and Algerines. p. 98. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- Sheldon Pollock (1996). Jan E. M. Houben (ed.). Ideology and Status of Sanskrit. BRILL Academic. pp. 197–223 with footnotes. ISBN 978-90-04-10613-0. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- William S.-Y. Wang; Chaofen Sun (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–19, 203–212, 236–245. ISBN 978-0-19-985633-6. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- Granda, Germán de (1 January 1991). El Español en Tres Mundos: Retenciones y Contactos Lingüísticos en América y África (in Spanish). Universidad de Valladolid, Secretariado de Publicaciones. ISBN 9788477622062.
- Battye, Adrian; Hintze, Marie-Anne; Rowlett, Paul (2003). The French Language Today: A Linguistic Introduction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-41796-6. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- Mohammad Tahsin Siddiqi (1994), Hindustani-English code-mixing in modern literary texts, University of Wisconsin, archived from the original on 17 October 2022, retrieved 18 August 2020,
... Hindustani is the lingua franca of both India and Pakistan ...
[self-published source] - Lydia Mihelič Pulsipher; Alex Pulsipher; Holly M. Hapke (2005), World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives, Macmillan, ISBN 0-7167-1904-5, archived from the original on 17 October 2022, retrieved 18 August 2020,
... By the time of British colonialism, Hindustani was the lingua franca of all of northern India and what is today Pakistan ...
britannica.com
- "Language – Pidgins and creoles". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "lingua franca | linguistics". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- "New Zealand literature - Modern Maori, Poetry, Novels | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- "Swahili language". Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
brownpoliticalreview.org
- "The Linguistic Colonialism of English". Brown Political Review. 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
bu.edu
- "Reclaiming a Common Language | BU Today". Boston University. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
cambridge.org
- Wright, Sue (2006). "French as a lingua franca". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 26: 35–60. doi:10.1017/S0267190506000031 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
censusindia.gov.in
- "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
collinsdictionary.com
- "Koine". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
dictionary.com
- "Koine". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
doi.org
- Dursteler, Eric R. (2012). "Speaking in Tongues: Language and Communication in the Early Modern Mediterranean". Past & Present (217): 47–77. doi:10.1093/pastj/gts023.
- House, Juliane (2003). "English as a lingua franca: A threat to multilingualism?". Journal of Sociolinguistics. 7 (4): 557. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2003.00242.x. ISSN 1467-9841.
- Brosch, C. (2015). "On the Conceptual History of the Term Lingua Franca". Apples: Journal of Applied Language Studies. 9 (1): 71–85. doi:10.17011/apples/2015090104.
- Tan, Jason (1997). "Education and Colonial Transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: Comparisons and Contrasts". Comparative Education. 33 (2): 303–312. doi:10.1080/03050069728587.
- Alan Grier, David (2017). "The Lingua Franca of Technology". Computer. 50 (8): 104. doi:10.1109/MC.2017.3001253.
- Stavans, Ilan (26 April 2017). "The Spanish Language in Latin America since Independence". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.371. ISBN 978-0-19-936643-9. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- Macías, Reynaldo (2014). "Spanish as the Second National Language of the United States: Fact, Future, Fiction, or Hope?". Review of Research in Education. 38: 33–57. doi:10.3102/0091732X13506544. JSTOR 43284061. S2CID 143648085.
- Lynch, Andrew (2023). "Heritage language socialization at work: Spanish in Miami". Journal of World Languages. 9 (1): 111–132. doi:10.1515/jwl-2022-0048. S2CID 255570955.
- Wright, Sue (2006). "French as a lingua franca". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 26: 35–60. doi:10.1017/S0267190506000031 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - Li, David (2006). "Chinese as a lingua franca in Greater China". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 26: 149–176. doi:10.1017/S0267190506000080 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - Ashraf, Muhammad Azeem; Turner, David A.; Laar, Rizwan Ahmed (January 2021). "Multilingual Language Practices in Education in Pakistan: The Conflict Between Policy and Practice". SAGE Open. 11 (1): 215824402110041. doi:10.1177/21582440211004140. ISSN 2158-2440.
- Obeng, Samuel Gyasi (1997). "An Analysis of the Linguistic Situation in Ghana". African Languages and Cultures. 10: 63–81. doi:10.1080/09544169708717813.
education.nic.in
- "Three Language Formula". Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development Department of Education. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
ethnologue.com
- English at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
etymonline.com
- "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
eud.eu
- "International Sign". European Union of the Deaf. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
europa.eu
cordis.europa.eu
- Directorate-General for Translation, European Commission (2011). "Studies on translation and multilingualism" (PDF). Europa (web portal). pp. 8, 22–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2012.
Up to now [constructed languages] have all proved transient and none has actually achieved the status of lingua franca with a large community of fluent speakers.
ewave-atlas.org
- "Pure Fiji English (Basilectal FijiE)". The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English. 2020.
fijiluxuryvacation.com
- "Why Does Everyone Speak English in Fiji?". Raiwasa Private Resort. 26 February 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
ft.com
- Chazan, Guy and Jim Brunsden. Push to bid adieu to English as EU's lingua franca, Financial Times, 28 June 2016.
ghostarchive.org
- "Oneida Sign language created to connect deaf community with culture | CBC News". NewsHub. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "DEAFGPS: International Sign Connects". YouTube. H3 WORLD TV. 26 July 2019. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
globalpressjournal.com
- Felicien, Marie Michelle. Schools Teaching in Creole Instead of French on the Rise in Haiti, Global Press Journal, 13 November 2019
iar-gwu.org
- "Revitalizing Endangered Languages". THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS REVIEW. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- "Revitalizing Endangered Languages". THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS REVIEW. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
indianexpress.com
- Roychowdhury, Adrija (27 February 2018). "How Hindi Became Arunachal Pradesh's Lingua Franca." Archived 21 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine The Indian Express. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
ivirtuosidelloperadiroma.com
- "Why Italian is the language of music and opera". I Virtuosi dell'Opera Di Roma. 4 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
jstor.org
- Macías, Reynaldo (2014). "Spanish as the Second National Language of the United States: Fact, Future, Fiction, or Hope?". Review of Research in Education. 38: 33–57. doi:10.3102/0091732X13506544. JSTOR 43284061. S2CID 143648085.
- Stevens, Paul (1980). "Modernism and Authenticity as Reflected in Language Attitudes : The Case of Tunisia". Vol. 30, no. 1/2. Civilisations. pp. 37–59. JSTOR 41802986.
komvos.edu.gr
- Lexico Triantaphyllide online dictionary, Greek Language Center (Kentro Hellenikes Glossas), lemma Franc ( Φράγκος Phrankos), Lexico tes Neas Hellenikes Glossas, G.Babiniotes, Kentro Lexikologias(Legicology Center) LTD Publications. Komvos.edu.gr. 2002. ISBN 960-86190-1-7. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
Franc and (prefix) franco- (Φράγκος Phrankos and φράγκο- phranko-)
languagemagazine.com
- Spanish in the World Archived 6 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Language Magazine, 18 November 2019.
latimes.com
- Meisler, Stanley (1 March 1986). "Seduction Still Works : French—a Language in Decline". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
lightcast.io
- Coffey, Clare. "Demand For Māori Language Skills at Work Rises in New Zealand". Lightcast. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- Coffey, Clare. "Demand For Māori Language Skills at Work Rises in New Zealand". Lightcast. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
lithub.com
- Notaker, Henry. How French Cuisine Took Over the World, excerpt from A History of Cookbooks From Kitchen to Page over Seven Centuries, University of California Press, 13 September 2017.
merriam-webster.com
merriam-webster.com
- "Definition of VERNACULAR". www.merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "Koine". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
unabridged.merriam-webster.com
- Merriam-Webster, MerriamWebster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, archived from the original on 10 October 2020, retrieved 25 February 2018.
npr.org
- "Italian: The Language That Sings". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
nytimes.com
- Chua, Amy (18 January 2022). "How the English Language Conquered the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022.
nzhistory.govt.nz
- "History of the Māori language". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
omnatigray.org
- "Amharic as a lingua franca and tool of domination". 12 January 2022.
openaccesslibrary.org
- Maamri, Malika Rebai. "The Syndrome of the French Language in Algeria." (Archive) International Journal of Arts and Sciences. 3(3): 77 – 89 (2009) CD-ROM. ISSN 1944-6934 p. 10 of 13
ou.edu
samnoblemuseum.ou.edu
- "Plains Indian Sign Language". Sam Noble Museum. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
oup.com
blog.oup.com
- Graber, Jennifer (9 May 2018). "Who put Native American sign language in the US mail?". OUPblog. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
oxforddictionaries.com
- Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press, archived from the original on 16 May 2001.
oxfordre.com
- Stavans, Ilan (26 April 2017). "The Spanish Language in Latin America since Independence". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.371. ISBN 978-0-19-936643-9. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
privateessex.ac.uk
- Intro Sociolinguistics Archived 22 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Pidgin and Creole Languages: Origins and Relationships – Notes for LG102, – University of Essex, Peter L. Patrick – Week 11, Autumn term.
pulse.ng
- "Hausa Language: 4 interesting things you should know about Nigeria's most widely spoken dialect". Pulse Nigeria. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
quadernsdigitals.net
- "¿Por qué los brasileños deben aprender español?" Archived 17 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine – Copyright 2003 Quaderns Digitals Todos los derechos reservados ISSN 1575-9393.
researchgate.net
- Li, David (2006). "Chinese as a lingua franca in Greater China". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 26: 149–176. doi:10.1017/S0267190506000080 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
sciencehistory.org
- Nye, Mary Jo (2016). "Speaking in Tongues: Science's centuries-long hunt for a common language". Distillations. 2 (1): 40–43. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
scribd.com
- [1] Archived 12 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
scroll.in
- Scroll.in – News. Politics. Culture., scroll.in, 6 February 2015, archived from the original on 8 February 2015, retrieved 29 March 2022
- Chandra, Abhimanyu (22 August 2014). "How Hindi Became the Language of Choice in Arunachal Pradesh." Archived 21 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Scroll.in. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Macías, Reynaldo (2014). "Spanish as the Second National Language of the United States: Fact, Future, Fiction, or Hope?". Review of Research in Education. 38: 33–57. doi:10.3102/0091732X13506544. JSTOR 43284061. S2CID 143648085.
- Lynch, Andrew (2023). "Heritage language socialization at work: Spanish in Miami". Journal of World Languages. 9 (1): 111–132. doi:10.1515/jwl-2022-0048. S2CID 255570955.
si.edu
sogdians.si.edu
- "Who Were the Sogdians, | The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
stalbanssc.vic.edu.au
libguides.stalbanssc.vic.edu.au
- Brar, Atarjit. "LibGuides: The Polynesian expansion across the Pacific: Maori". libguides.stalbanssc.vic.edu.au. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
swissinfo.ch
- Stephens, Thomas (4 April 2021). "English as a common language in Switzerland: a positive or a problem?". Retrieved 4 December 2023.
teara.govt.nz
- https://teara.govt.nz/en/economic-history/page-2 [bare URL]
- Keane, Basil (11 March 2020). "Te Māori i te ohanga – Māori in the economy - Māori enterprise, 1840 to 1860". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
termcoord.eu
- Lingua Franca: Chomera or Reality? (PDF). Publ. Office of the Europ. Union. 2010. ISBN 9789279189876. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
thariqalfathih.wordpress.com
- "Lingua Franca, Pidgin, and Creole". 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
theguardian.com
- Mikanowski, Jacob (27 July 2018). "Behemoth, bully, thief: how the English language is taking over the planet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- Rankin, Jennifer. Brexit: English is losing its importance in Europe, says Juncker, The Guardian, 5 May 2017.
thepost.co.nz
- "The Post". www.thepost.co.nz. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- "The Post". www.thepost.co.nz. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- "The Post". www.thepost.co.nz. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
thoughtco.com
- M. A., Geography; B. A., English and Geography. "How Lingua Franca Helps Different Cultures to Communicate". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
ucalgary.ca
- Flynn, Darin. "Indigenous sign languages in Canada". University of Calgary. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
ucl.ac.uk
- Woll, Bensie. "English of often considered the de facto global language..." University College London Culture Online. University College London. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
un.org
ask.un.org
- What are the official languages of the United Nations?, Ask UN, 23 December 2023.
un.org
- "Department for General Assembly and Conference Management – What are the official languages of the United Nations?". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
webtv.un.org
- "A Disability-Inclusive Response to COVID-19 – Policy Brief Executive Summary (International Sign Language)". UN Web TV. United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
voanews.com
- Hilleary, Cecily (3 April 2017). "Native American Hand Talkers Fight to Keep Sign Language Alive". VOA. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
washington.edu
asian.washington.edu
- "Indonesian". Asian Languages & Literature. University of Washington. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
web.archive.org
- Nye, Mary Jo (2016). "Speaking in Tongues: Science's centuries-long hunt for a common language". Distillations. 2 (1): 40–43. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- Intro Sociolinguistics Archived 22 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine – Pidgin and Creole Languages: Origins and Relationships – Notes for LG102, – University of Essex, Peter L. Patrick – Week 11, Autumn term.
- Lingua Franca: Chomera or Reality? (PDF). Publ. Office of the Europ. Union. 2010. ISBN 9789279189876. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- "Lingua Franca, Pidgin, and Creole". 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- "Language – Pidgins and creoles". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "Definition of VERNACULAR". www.merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- Directorate-General for Translation, European Commission (2011). "Studies on translation and multilingualism" (PDF). Europa (web portal). pp. 8, 22–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2012.
Up to now [constructed languages] have all proved transient and none has actually achieved the status of lingua franca with a large community of fluent speakers.
- "lingua franca | linguistics". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- Lexico Triantaphyllide online dictionary, Greek Language Center (Kentro Hellenikes Glossas), lemma Franc ( Φράγκος Phrankos), Lexico tes Neas Hellenikes Glossas, G.Babiniotes, Kentro Lexikologias(Legicology Center) LTD Publications. Komvos.edu.gr. 2002. ISBN 960-86190-1-7. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
Franc and (prefix) franco- (Φράγκος Phrankos and φράγκο- phranko-)
- [1] Archived 12 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- Morgan, J. (1632). A Compleat History of the Present Seat of War in Africa, Between the Spaniards and Algerines. p. 98. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press, archived from the original on 16 May 2001.
- Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 25 February 2018.
- Merriam-Webster, MerriamWebster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, archived from the original on 10 October 2020, retrieved 25 February 2018.
- Sheldon Pollock (1996). Jan E. M. Houben (ed.). Ideology and Status of Sanskrit. BRILL Academic. pp. 197–223 with footnotes. ISBN 978-90-04-10613-0. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- William S.-Y. Wang; Chaofen Sun (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–19, 203–212, 236–245. ISBN 978-0-19-985633-6. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- Scroll.in – News. Politics. Culture., scroll.in, 6 February 2015, archived from the original on 8 February 2015, retrieved 29 March 2022
- Keane, Basil (11 March 2020). "Te Māori i te ohanga – Māori in the economy - Māori enterprise, 1840 to 1860". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- "Who Were the Sogdians, | The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- "Italian: The Language That Sings". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- "The Linguistic Colonialism of English". Brown Political Review. 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- Chua, Amy (18 January 2022). "How the English Language Conquered the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022.
- "Why Does Everyone Speak English in Fiji?". Raiwasa Private Resort. 26 February 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- Tweedie, Gregory; Johnson, Robert. "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- "¿Por qué los brasileños deben aprender español?" Archived 17 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine – Copyright 2003 Quaderns Digitals Todos los derechos reservados ISSN 1575-9393.
- Spanish in the World Archived 6 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Language Magazine, 18 November 2019.
- Meisler, Stanley (1 March 1986). "Seduction Still Works : French—a Language in Decline". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- The World's 10 Most Influential Languages Archived 12 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Top Languages. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- Battye, Adrian; Hintze, Marie-Anne; Rowlett, Paul (2003). The French Language Today: A Linguistic Introduction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-41796-6. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- "Why the future of French is African". BBC News. 7 April 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- Maamri, Malika Rebai. "The Syndrome of the French Language in Algeria." (Archive) International Journal of Arts and Sciences. 3(3): 77 – 89 (2009) CD-ROM. ISSN 1944-6934 p. 10 of 13
- M. A., Geography; B. A., English and Geography. "How Lingua Franca Helps Different Cultures to Communicate". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- "Department for General Assembly and Conference Management – What are the official languages of the United Nations?". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
- Mohammad Tahsin Siddiqi (1994), Hindustani-English code-mixing in modern literary texts, University of Wisconsin, archived from the original on 17 October 2022, retrieved 18 August 2020,
... Hindustani is the lingua franca of both India and Pakistan ...
[self-published source] - Lydia Mihelič Pulsipher; Alex Pulsipher; Holly M. Hapke (2005), World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives, Macmillan, ISBN 0-7167-1904-5, archived from the original on 17 October 2022, retrieved 18 August 2020,
... By the time of British colonialism, Hindustani was the lingua franca of all of northern India and what is today Pakistan ...
- "Three Language Formula". Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development Department of Education. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
- Chandra, Abhimanyu (22 August 2014). "How Hindi Became the Language of Choice in Arunachal Pradesh." Archived 21 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Scroll.in. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
- Roychowdhury, Adrija (27 February 2018). "How Hindi Became Arunachal Pradesh's Lingua Franca." Archived 21 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine The Indian Express. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- "Indonesian". Asian Languages & Literature. University of Washington. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- "Swahili language". Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- "Hausa Language: 4 interesting things you should know about Nigeria's most widely spoken dialect". Pulse Nigeria. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- "Plains Indian Sign Language". Sam Noble Museum. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- Graber, Jennifer (9 May 2018). "Who put Native American sign language in the US mail?". OUPblog. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- Hilleary, Cecily (3 April 2017). "Native American Hand Talkers Fight to Keep Sign Language Alive". VOA. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "Indian Sign Language Council of 1930". YouTube. Grande Polpo Deaf. 9 June 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- Flynn, Darin. "Indigenous sign languages in Canada". University of Calgary. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "International Sign". European Union of the Deaf. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "A Disability-Inclusive Response to COVID-19 – Policy Brief Executive Summary (International Sign Language)". UN Web TV. United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
worldcat.org
search.worldcat.org
- House, Juliane (2003). "English as a lingua franca: A threat to multilingualism?". Journal of Sociolinguistics. 7 (4): 557. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2003.00242.x. ISSN 1467-9841.
- Mikanowski, Jacob (27 July 2018). "Behemoth, bully, thief: how the English language is taking over the planet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- Ashraf, Muhammad Azeem; Turner, David A.; Laar, Rizwan Ahmed (January 2021). "Multilingual Language Practices in Education in Pakistan: The Conflict Between Policy and Practice". SAGE Open. 11 (1): 215824402110041. doi:10.1177/21582440211004140. ISSN 2158-2440.
worldcat.org
- Maamri, Malika Rebai. "The Syndrome of the French Language in Algeria." (Archive) International Journal of Arts and Sciences. 3(3): 77 – 89 (2009) CD-ROM. ISSN 1944-6934 p. 10 of 13
youtube.com
- "Indian Sign Language Council of 1930". YouTube. Grande Polpo Deaf. 9 June 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "Oneida Sign language created to connect deaf community with culture | CBC News". NewsHub. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "DEAFGPS: International Sign Connects". YouTube. H3 WORLD TV. 26 July 2019. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.