Linguistic history of India (English Wikipedia)

Sidwell, Paul. 2018. Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.

alsintl.com

"Malayalam". ALS International. Retrieved 22 January 2014.

aponline.gov.in

APonline – History and Culture-Languages Archived 8 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine

aponpath.com

মণিপুরি ভাষা ও লিপি – এল বীরমঙ্গল সিংহ | আপনপাঠ ওয়েবজিন (in Bengali). 16 September 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2022.

archive.today

"Telugu is 2,400 years old, says ASI". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 20 December 2007. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012.

bharattimes.co.in

news.bharattimes.co.in

"State Education Minister says Center has released ₹18 crore to promote Manipuri language - Bharat Times". 15 September 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

books.google.com

Barbara A. West (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. pp. 282–. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.
Bloch 1970, p. 32. Bloch, J (1970) [First published 1914]. Formation of the Marathi Language. Translated by Chanana, Dev Raj. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-2322-8.
Novetzke 2016, pp. 53–54. Novetzke, Christian Lee (2016). The Quotidian Revolution: Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54241-8.
Novetzke 2016, p. 53. Novetzke, Christian Lee (2016). The Quotidian Revolution: Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54241-8.
Cynthia Talbot (20 September 2001). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. pp. 211–213. ISBN 978-0-19-803123-9.
Eaton, Richard M. (2005). The new Cambridge history of India (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 0-521-25484-1. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
Sawant, Sunil R. (2008). "Nineteenth Century Marthi Literary Polysystem". In Ray, Mohit K. (ed.). Studies in translation (2nd rev. and enl. ed.). New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. 134–135. ISBN 9788126909223.
Aiyar, Swaminatha (1987). Dravidian theories. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 286. ISBN 978-81-208-0331-2. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization. Mittal Publications. p. 290. ISBN 978-81-7099-853-2.
Mohanty, P. K. (2006). Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in India: In Five Volume. Gyan Publishing House. p. 149. ISBN 978-81-8205-052-5.
Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections (Assamese-Dogri). Sahitya Akademi. p. 324. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
Chishti, S. M. A. W. (2005). Political Development in Manipur, 1919-1949. Gyan Publishing House. p. 282. ISBN 978-81-7835-424-8.
Sharma, Suresh K. (2006). Documents on North-East India: Manipur. Mittal Publications. p. 168. ISBN 978-81-8324-092-5.
Tarapot, Phanjoubam (2003). Bleeding Manipur. Har-Anand Publications. p. 309. ISBN 978-81-241-0902-1.
Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). Manipur: Treatise & Documents. Mittal Publications. p. 369. ISBN 978-81-7099-399-5.
Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). Manipur: Treatise & Documents. Mittal Publications. p. 255. ISBN 978-81-7099-399-5.
Bhardwaj, R. C. (1994). Legislation by Members in the Indian Parliament. Allied Publishers. p. 189. ISBN 978-81-7023-409-8.
Khullar, D. R. Geography Textbook. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. p. 188. ISBN 978-93-5041-243-5.
Bhattacharyya, Rituparna (29 July 2022). Northeast India Through the Ages: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Prehistory, History, and Oral History. Taylor & Francis. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-000-62390-1.
(Marwah 2020:76) Marwah, Reena (2020). Reimagining India-thailand Relations: A Multilateral And Bilateral Perspective.
Salomon 1998, p. 20. Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-535666-3.

britannica.com

"Manipuri language | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica.

cdlib.org

ark.cdlib.org

Ramaswamy 1997 Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997). Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7.
Ramaswamy 1997: "Dravidianism, too, lent its support to the contestatory classicist project, motivated principally by the political imperative of countering (Sanskritic) Indian nationalism... It was not until the DMK came to power in 1967 that such demands were fulfilled, and the pure Tamil cause received a boost, although purification efforts are not particularly high on the agenda of either the Dravidian movement or the Dravidianist idiom of tamiḻppaṟṟu." Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997). Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7.

deccanherald.com

Azmathulla Shariff (26 July 2005). "Badami: Chalukyans' magical transformation". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006.
Mukerjee, Shruba (21 August 2005). "Preserving voices from the past". Sunday Herald. Archived from the original on 22 October 2006.

doi.org

Lehmann 1998, p. 75. The dating of Sangam literature and the identification of its language with Old Tamil have recently been questioned by Herman Tieken who argues that the works are better understood as 9th-century Pāṇṭiyan dynasty compositions, deliberately written in an archaising style to make them seem older than they were (Tieken 2001). Tieken's dating has, however, been criticised by reviewers of his work. See e.g. Hart 2004, Ferro-Luzzi 2001, Monius 2002 and Wilden 2002 Lehmann, Thomas (1998). "Old Tamil". In Steever, Sanford (ed.). The Dravidian Languages. Routledge. pp. 75–99. ISBN 978-0-415-10023-6. Tieken, Herman (2001). Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry. Gonda Indological Studies, Volume X. Groningen: Egbert Forsten Publishing. ISBN 978-90-6980-134-6. Hart, George (January–March 2004). "Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry". The Journal of the American Oriental Society (Book Review). 124 (1): 180–. doi:10.2307/4132191. JSTOR 4132191. Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger (2001). "Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry". Asian Folklore Studies (Book Review). 60 (2): 373–374. doi:10.2307/1179075. JSTOR 1179075. Monius, Anne E. (November 2002). "Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry". The Journal of Asian Studies (Book Review). 61 (4): 1404–1406. doi:10.2307/3096501. JSTOR 3096501. Wilden, Eva (2002). "Towards an Internal Chronology of Old Tamil Caṅkam Literature Or How to Trace the Laws of a Poetic Universe". Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens (Book Review). 46: 105–133. JSTOR 24007685.
Kuiper 1958, p. 194 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958). "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)". Indo-Iranian Journal. 2 (3): 191–224. doi:10.1163/000000058790082452. S2CID 161402102.
Kuiper 1958, pp. 213–215 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958). "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)". Indo-Iranian Journal. 2 (3): 191–224. doi:10.1163/000000058790082452. S2CID 161402102.
Rajam 1985, pp. 284–285 Rajam, V. S. (1985). "The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 105 (2): 277–291. doi:10.2307/601707. JSTOR 601707.
Kandiah 1978, pp. 65–69 Kandiah, Thiru (1978). "Standard Language and Socio-Historical Parameters: Standard Lankan Tamil". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 1978 (16): 59–76. doi:10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.59. S2CID 143499414.
"Linguists and historians are generally united in the view that the Ahom language has been dead for about two hundred years, and that all Ahom use Assamese as their mother tongue." (Terwiel 1996:283) Terwiel, B.J. (1996). "Recreating the Past: Revivalism in Northeastern India". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 152 (2): 275–92. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003014. JSTOR 27864746.
Blevins, Juliette (2007). "A Long Lost Sister of Proto-Austronesian? Proto-Ongan, Mother of Jarawa and Onge of the Andaman Islands". Oceanic Linguistics. 46 (1): 154–198. doi:10.1353/ol.2007.0015. S2CID 143141296.
Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). "Kharosti and Brahmi". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 122 (2): 391–393. doi:10.2307/3087634. JSTOR 3087634.

e-pao.net

"Dr Thokchom Ibohanbi - first Manipuri writer to get Akademi award : 24th feb22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
"30th Manipuri Language Day observed : 21st aug21 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net. Retrieved 28 July 2022.

easternmirrornagaland.com

"Manipuri Language Day observed in Manipur - Eastern Mirror". easternmirrornagaland.com. 20 August 2017.

ethnologue.com

"Browse by Language Family". Ethnologue.

hindu.com

"Declare Kannada a classical language". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 27 May 2005. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007.
A report on Halmidi inscription, Muralidhara Khajane (3 November 2003). "Halmidi village finally on the road to recognition". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 24 November 2003.
"Press demand for according classical status to Kannada". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 17 April 2006. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006.
N. Havalaiah (24 January 2004). "Ancient inscriptions unearthed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 February 2004.
"Telugu is 2,400 years old, says ASI". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 20 December 2007. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Clara Lewis (16 April 2018). "Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
"Telugu gets classical status". The Times of India. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

intamm.com

Sri K. Appadurai (1997). "The place of Kannada and Tamil in India's national culture". INTAMM. Archived from the original on 15 April 2007.

jstor.org

Sivathamby, K (December 1974) Early South Indian Society and Economy: The Tinai Concept, Social Scientist, Vol.3 No.5 December 1974
Lehmann 1998, p. 75. The dating of Sangam literature and the identification of its language with Old Tamil have recently been questioned by Herman Tieken who argues that the works are better understood as 9th-century Pāṇṭiyan dynasty compositions, deliberately written in an archaising style to make them seem older than they were (Tieken 2001). Tieken's dating has, however, been criticised by reviewers of his work. See e.g. Hart 2004, Ferro-Luzzi 2001, Monius 2002 and Wilden 2002 Lehmann, Thomas (1998). "Old Tamil". In Steever, Sanford (ed.). The Dravidian Languages. Routledge. pp. 75–99. ISBN 978-0-415-10023-6. Tieken, Herman (2001). Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry. Gonda Indological Studies, Volume X. Groningen: Egbert Forsten Publishing. ISBN 978-90-6980-134-6. Hart, George (January–March 2004). "Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry". The Journal of the American Oriental Society (Book Review). 124 (1): 180–. doi:10.2307/4132191. JSTOR 4132191. Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger (2001). "Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry". Asian Folklore Studies (Book Review). 60 (2): 373–374. doi:10.2307/1179075. JSTOR 1179075. Monius, Anne E. (November 2002). "Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry". The Journal of Asian Studies (Book Review). 61 (4): 1404–1406. doi:10.2307/3096501. JSTOR 3096501. Wilden, Eva (2002). "Towards an Internal Chronology of Old Tamil Caṅkam Literature Or How to Trace the Laws of a Poetic Universe". Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens (Book Review). 46: 105–133. JSTOR 24007685.
Rajam 1985, pp. 284–285 Rajam, V. S. (1985). "The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 105 (2): 277–291. doi:10.2307/601707. JSTOR 601707.
"Linguists and historians are generally united in the view that the Ahom language has been dead for about two hundred years, and that all Ahom use Assamese as their mother tongue." (Terwiel 1996:283) Terwiel, B.J. (1996). "Recreating the Past: Revivalism in Northeastern India". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 152 (2): 275–92. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003014. JSTOR 27864746.
Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). "Kharosti and Brahmi". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 122 (2): 391–393. doi:10.2307/3087634. JSTOR 3087634.

manipurgovtpress.nic.in

"GAZETTE TITLE: The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021". manipurgovtpress.nic.in.

omniglot.com

"Manipuri language and alphabets". omniglot.com.

orientalthane.com

"Skeletons, script found at ancient burial site in Tamil Nadu". orientalthane.com.

papuaweb.org

Wurm, S.A. (1977: 929). New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study, Volume 1: Papuan Languages and the New Guinea Linguistic Scene. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra.

pothashang.in

"Centre to release Rs 18 crore to promote Manipuri language | Pothashang News". Pothashang. 14 September 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

sealang.net

Hajarimayum Subadani Devi. "Loanwords in Manipuri and their impact" (PDF). sealang.net. In 1972 the Sahitya Akademi, the highest body of language and literature of India recognized Manipuri (Manipuri Sahitya Parisad. 1986:82)

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kuiper 1958, p. 194 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958). "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)". Indo-Iranian Journal. 2 (3): 191–224. doi:10.1163/000000058790082452. S2CID 161402102.
Kuiper 1958, pp. 213–215 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958). "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)". Indo-Iranian Journal. 2 (3): 191–224. doi:10.1163/000000058790082452. S2CID 161402102.
Kandiah 1978, pp. 65–69 Kandiah, Thiru (1978). "Standard Language and Socio-Historical Parameters: Standard Lankan Tamil". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 1978 (16): 59–76. doi:10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.59. S2CID 143499414.
Blevins, Juliette (2007). "A Long Lost Sister of Proto-Austronesian? Proto-Ongan, Mother of Jarawa and Onge of the Andaman Islands". Oceanic Linguistics. 46 (1): 154–198. doi:10.1353/ol.2007.0015. S2CID 143141296.

thehindu.com

Nanisetti, Serish (14 December 2017). "Bommalagutta inscription sheds light on poetic use of Telugu". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
"'Classical' status for Malayalam". The Hindu. Thiruvananthapuram, India. 24 May 2013.
Laithangbam, Iboyaima (15 September 2021). "Centre has released ₹18 crore for promotion of Manipuri language, says State Education Minister". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

uchicago.edu

dsal.uchicago.edu

Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley. "A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages". Digital Dictionaries of South Asia. Oxford University Press (original), University of Chicago (web version). Retrieved 8 November 2015.

upenn.edu

lrrc3.sas.upenn.edu

A family tree of Dravidian languages Archived 10 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Sourced from Encyclopaedia Britannica.

utexas.edu

lrc.la.utexas.edu

"Introduction to Ancient Sanskrit". lrc.la.utexas.edu.

web.archive.org

Sri K. Appadurai (1997). "The place of Kannada and Tamil in India's national culture". INTAMM. Archived from the original on 15 April 2007.
A family tree of Dravidian languages Archived 10 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Sourced from Encyclopaedia Britannica.
"Declare Kannada a classical language". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 27 May 2005. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007.
A report on Halmidi inscription, Muralidhara Khajane (3 November 2003). "Halmidi village finally on the road to recognition". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 24 November 2003.
"Press demand for according classical status to Kannada". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 17 April 2006. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006.
Azmathulla Shariff (26 July 2005). "Badami: Chalukyans' magical transformation". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006.
N. Havalaiah (24 January 2004). "Ancient inscriptions unearthed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 February 2004.
Mukerjee, Shruba (21 August 2005). "Preserving voices from the past". Sunday Herald. Archived from the original on 22 October 2006.
APonline – History and Culture-Languages Archived 8 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Kamath 2001, pp. 5–6 Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [First published 1980]. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. OCLC 7796041.
The word Isila found in the Ashokan inscription (called the Brahmagiri edict from Karnataka) meaning to shoot an arrow is a Kannada word, indicating that Kannada was a spoken language (D.L. Narasimhachar in Kamath 2001, p. 5) Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [First published 1980]. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. OCLC 7796041.
Kamath 2001, p. 10 Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [First published 1980]. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. OCLC 7796041.
Kamath 2001, p. 58 Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [First published 1980]. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. OCLC 7796041.
Gururaj Bhat in Kamath 2001, p. 97 Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [First published 1980]. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. OCLC 7796041.
Nanisetti, Serish (14 December 2017). "Bommalagutta inscription sheds light on poetic use of Telugu". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
Laithangbam, Iboyaima (15 September 2021). "Centre has released ₹18 crore for promotion of Manipuri language, says State Education Minister". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 August 2022.