Lion (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Lion" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

121web.archive.org

1^st place

100doi.org

2^nd place

78books.google.com

3^rd place

55nih.gov

4^th place

39harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

25semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

14archive.org

6^th place

9researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

7handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

4worldcat.org

5^th place

4catsg.org

9,560^th place

low place

3iucnredlist.org

88^th place

160^th place

3nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

296^th place

2zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

2up.ac.za

7,651^st place

4,924^th place

2newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

2zbs.bialowieza.pl

low place

2roberteklund.info

low place

2honoluluadvertiser.com

4,417^th place

2,702^nd place

2ox.ac.uk

613^th place

456^th place

1bucknell.edu

733^rd place

1,013^th place

1google.com

163^rd place

185^th place

1oed.com

360^th place

231^st place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

1academia.edu

121^st place

142^nd place

1si.edu

340^th place

295^th place

1nus.edu.sg

2,776^th place

2,052^nd place

1uni-mainz.de

9,571^st place

low place

1umn.edu

1,266^th place

860^th place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

297^th place

1zin.ru

9,275^th place

low place

1diva-portal.org

3,588^th place

3,072^nd place

1kb.se

564^th place

1,445^th place

1springer.com

274^th place

309^th place

1smith.edu

2,717^th place

2,175^th place

1free.fr

321^st place

724^th place

1popsci.com

2,941^st place

2,021^st place

1conservationforce.org

low place

1umd.edu

1,747^th place

1,277^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1ucsd.edu

1,933^rd place

1,342^nd place

1worktribe.com

low place

1awf.org

low place

1arushatimes.co.tz

low place

1biodiversityjournal.com

low place

1bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

1indiatimes.com

17^th place

15^th place

1uva.nl

3,518^th place

2,652^nd place

1spbu.ru

4,117^th place

low place

1waza.org

low place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

academia.edu

Davis, B. W.; Li, G.; Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.

archive.org

Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis leo". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. Tomus I (decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 41. (in Latin)
Hemmer, H. (1974). "Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae) Teil 3. Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus, 1758)". Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung. 17: 167–280.
Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Panthera leo". The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia. Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd. pp. 212–222.
Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Lion". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 83–95. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
Kinnear, N. B. (1920). "The past and present distribution of the lion in southeastern Asia". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 27: 34–39.
Estes, R. (1991). "Lion". The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 369–376. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0.
McNeill, R. A. (1993). "Legs and locomotion of carnivora". In Dunstone, N.; Gorman, M. L. (eds.). Mammals as Predators: The Proceedings of a Symposium Held by The Zoological Society of London and Mammal Society: London, 22nd and 23rd November 1991. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198540670.003.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-854067-0.
Asdell, Sydney A. (1993) [1964]. Patterns of mammalian reproduction. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-1753-5.
Bagemihl, Bruce (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 302–305. ISBN 978-0-312-19239-6.
Blunt, p. 15. Blunt, W. (1975). The Ark in the Park: The Zoo in the Nineteenth Century. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-89331-9.
Blunt, p. 208. Blunt, W. (1975). The Ark in the Park: The Zoo in the Nineteenth Century. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-89331-9.
Feldman, D. (1993). How Does Aspirin Find a Headache?. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-016923-7.
Lynch, P. A. (2004). "Lion". African Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8160-4892-2.
Hogarth, C.; Butler, N. (2004). "Animal Symbolism (Africa)". In Walter, M. N. (ed.). Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture. Vol. 1. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 3–6. ISBN 978-1-57607-645-3.

arushatimes.co.tz

Nkwame, V. M. (9 September 2006). "King of the jungle in jeopardy". The Arusha Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2007.

awf.org

"Behavior and Diet". African Wildlife Foundation website. African Wildlife Foundation. 1996. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

bbc.com

"Lions rediscovered in Ethiopia's Alatash National Park". BBC News. 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.

biodiversityjournal.com

Angelici, F. M.; Rossi, L. (2017). "Further lion, Panthera leo senegalensis Meyer, 1826, sightings in Mole National Park, Ghana, and possible first serval Leptailurus serval Schreber, 1776 record after 39 years (Mammalia Felidae)" (PDF). Biodiversity Journal. 8 (2): 749–752. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.

books.google.com

Oken, L. (1816). "1. Art, Panthera". Lehrbuch der Zoologie. 2. Abtheilung. Jena: August Schmid & Comp. p. 1052.
Wood, J. G. (1865). "Felidæ; or the Cat Tribe". The Illustrated Natural History. Vol. Mammalia, Volume 1. London: Routledge. pp. 129−148. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
Hunter, L.; Barrett, P. (2018). "Lion Panthera leo". The Field Guide to Carnivores of the World (Second ed.). London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury. pp. 46−47. ISBN 978-1-4729-5080-2. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Rafferty, J. P. (2011). "The Liger". Carnivores: Meat-eating Mammals. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-61530-340-3. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
Schaller, pp. 28–30. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Calder, W. A. (1996). "Skeletal muscle". Size, Function, and Life History. Courier Corporation. pp. 17–21. ISBN 978-0-486-69191-6. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
Brakefield, T. (1993). "Lion: Sociable Simba". Big Cats: Kingdom of Might. London: Voyageur Press. pp. 50–67. ISBN 978-0-89658-329-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Nowak, R. M. (1999). "Panthera leo". Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 832–834. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8.
West, P. M.; Packer, C. (2013). "Panthera leo Lion". In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 150–159. ISBN 978-1-4081-8996-2.
Packer, p. 148. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Packer, pp. 137, 145. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Packer, pp. 145. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, pp. 360. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, pp. 133. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Packer, pp. 133, 137, 145, 148. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 5. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Firouz, E. (2005). The complete fauna of Iran. I. B. Tauris. pp. 5–67. ISBN 978-1-85043-946-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
Schaller, p. 122. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 120–121. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 33. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 37. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, p. 33. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 34–35. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, pp. 25, 31. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, pp. 52–54. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, pp. 195–196, 222. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Packer, pp. 42, 57. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 208. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 220–221. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 153. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, p. 150, 153, 164–165. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 248. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 233, 247–248 Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 237. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 244, 263–267. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 270–76. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 133. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 276. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 213–216. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Creel, S.; Spong, G.; Creel, N. (2001). "Interspecific competition and the population biology of extinction-prone carnivores". In Gittleman, J. L.; Funk, S. M.; Macdonald, D. W.; Wayne, R. K. (eds.). Carnivore Conservation (First ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 35–60. ISBN 978-0-521-66232-1.
Schaller, p. 272. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 273–74. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 293. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 188. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 29. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 174. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 142. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 137. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 143. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 147-49. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 44. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 183. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 188–189. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 189–190. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 184. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 85. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 85–88. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 88–91. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 103–117. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 95. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 116. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 103–113. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Frankham, R.; Ballou, J.; Briscoe, D. (2009). "Genetic management of Captive Populations". Introduction to Conservation Genetics (Second ed.). Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid: Cambridge University Press. pp. 430–452. ISBN 978-0-521-70271-3. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, pp. 19–21, 42. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, p. 20. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, p. 187. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Jackson, pp. 156–159. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 142. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 166. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, p. 113. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Jackson, p. 133. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 100. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 119. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Hogarth, C.; Butler, N. (2004). "Animal Symbolism (Africa)". In Walter, M. N. (ed.). Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture. Vol. 1. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 3–6. ISBN 978-1-57607-645-3.
Jackson, pp. 107–108, 111. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 109, 115. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 113, 119–122, 124. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 7, 96, 99, 103–105, 128, 135, 150, 197. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Panthera leo". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

catsg.org

O'Brien, S. J.; Wildt, D. E.; Bush, M. (1986). "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril" (PDF). Scientific American. 254 (5): 68–76. Bibcode:1986SciAm.254e..84O. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0586-84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2011.
Laurenson, M. K. (1994). "High juvenile mortality in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and its consequences for maternal care" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 234 (3): 387–408. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04855.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2017.
IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa (PDF). Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2015.
IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion Panthera leo in Eastern and Southern Africa (PDF). Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2015.

conservationforce.org

Chardonnet, P. (2002). Conservation of African lion (PDF). Paris, France: International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013.

diva-portal.org

uu.diva-portal.org

Shi, W. (2005). "Hybrid dysgenesis effects" (PDF). Growth and Behaviour: Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Involved in Hybrid Dysgenesis (PhD). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. pp. 8–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2019.

doi.org

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G.; Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C.; Goswami, A. (2011). "Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
Breitenmoser, U.; Mallon, D. P.; Ahmad Khan, J.; Driscoll, C. (2008). "Panthera leo ssp. persica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T15952A5327221. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15952A5327221.en.
Henschel, P.; Bauer, H.; Sogbohoussou, E.; Nowell, K. (2015). "Panthera leo West Africa subpopulation". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T68933833A54067639.en.
de Manuel, M.; Barnett, R.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M-S. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Bertola, L. D.; Jongbloed, H.; Van Der Gaag, K. J.; De Knijff, P.; Yamaguchi, N.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Bauer, H.; Henschel, P.; White, P. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Tende, T.; Ottosson, U.; Saidu, Y.; Vrieling, K.; de Iongh, H. H. (2016). "Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and High Resolution Delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (Panthera leo)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30807. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630807B. doi:10.1038/srep30807. PMC 4973251. PMID 27488946.
de Manuel, M.; Ross, B.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Christiansen, P. (2008). "Phylogeny of the great cats (Felidae: Pantherinae), and the influence of fossil taxa and missing characters". Cladistics. 24 (6): 977–992. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00226.x. PMID 34892880. S2CID 84497516.
Marciszak, A.; Stefaniak, K. (2010). "Two forms of cave lion: Middle Pleistocene Panthera spelaea fossilis Reichenau, 1906 and Upper Pleistocene Panthera spelaea spelaea Goldfuss, 1810 from the Bisnik Cave, Poland". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 258 (3): 339–351. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0117. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
Sabol, M. (2014). "Panthera fossilis (Reichenau, 1906) (Felidae, Carnivora) from Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record from 1987–2007". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B, Historia Naturalis. 70 (1–2): 59–70. doi:10.14446/AMNP.2014.59.
Stuart, A. J.; Lister, A. M. (2011). "Extinction chronology of the cave lion Panthera spelaea". Quaternary Science Reviews. 30 (17): 2329–2340. Bibcode:2011QSRv...30.2329S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.023.
Barnett, R.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Soares, A. E. R.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Zazula, G.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Kirillova, I. V.; Larson, G.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016). "Mitogenomics of the Extinct Cave Lion, Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), resolve its position within the Panthera cats". Open Quaternary. 2: 4. doi:10.5334/oq.24. hdl:10576/22920. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Burger, J.; Rosendahl, W.; Loreille, O.; Hemmer, H.; Eriksson, T.; Götherström, A.; Hiller, J.; Collins, M. J.; Wess, T.; Alt, K. W. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..841B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.020. PMID 15012963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007.
Chimento, N. R.; Agnolin, F. L. (2017). "The fossil American lion (Panthera atrox) in South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 16 (8): 850–864. Bibcode:2017CRPal..16..850C. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.009. hdl:11336/65990.
Salis, Alexander T.; Bray, Sarah C. E.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A.; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C. Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei (December 2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. Bibcode:2022MolEc..31.6407S. doi:10.1111/mec.16267. hdl:11343/299180. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 34748674.
King, L. M.; Wallace, S. C. (2014). "Phylogenetics of Panthera, including Panthera atrox, based on craniodental characters". Historical Biology. 26 (6): 827–833. Bibcode:2014HBio...26..827K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.861462. S2CID 84229141.
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Xie, G. (2014). "Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1774): 20132686. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686. PMC 3843846. PMID 24225466.
Barnett, R.; Shapiro, B.; Barnes, I.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Burger, J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Higham, T. F. G.; Wheeler, H. T.; Rosendahl, W.; Sher, A. V.; Sotnikova, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Martin, L. D.; Harington, C. R.; Burns, J. A.; Cooper, A. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. Bibcode:2009MolEc..18.1668B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. S2CID 46716748. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
Argant, A.; Brugal, J.-P. (2017). "The cave lion Panthera (Leo) spelaea and its evolution: Panthera spelaea intermedia nov. subspecies". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 60 (2): 58–103. doi:10.3409/azc.60_2.59.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Ho, S. Y.; Barnes, I.; Sabin, R.; Werdelin, L.; Cuisin, J.; Larson, G. (2014). "Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 70. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14...70B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-70. PMC 3997813. PMID 24690312.
Bertola, L. D.; Van Hooft, W. F.; Vrieling, K.; Uit De Weerd, D. R.; York, D. S.; Bauer, H.; Prins, H. H. T.; Funston, P. J.; Udo De Haes, H. A.; Leirs, H.; Van Haeringen, W. A.; Sogbohossou, E.; Tumenta, P. N.; De Iongh, H. H. (2011). "Genetic diversity, evolutionary history and implications for conservation of the lion (Panthera leo) in West and Central Africa". Journal of Biogeography. 38 (7): 1356–1367. Bibcode:2011JBiog..38.1356B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02500.x. S2CID 82728679.
Pocock, R. I. (1898). "Lion-Tiger Hybrid". Nature. 58 (1496): 200. Bibcode:1898Natur..58Q.200P. doi:10.1038/058200b0. S2CID 4056029. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
Benirschke, K. (1967). "Sterility and Fertility of Interspecific Mammalian Hybrids". Comparative Aspects of Reproductive Failure. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 218–234. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-48949-5_12. ISBN 978-3-642-48949-5.
Zhang, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, L.; Tao, M.; Zhang, C.; Qin, Q.; Xiao, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, S. (2014). "Research advances in animal distant hybridization" (PDF). Science China Life Sciences. 57 (9): 889–902. doi:10.1007/s11427-014-4707-1. PMID 25091377. S2CID 18179301. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2018.
Haas, S. K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P. R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968757. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017.
Davis, D. D. (1962). "Allometric relationships in Lions vs. Domestic Cats". Evolution. 16 (4): 505–514. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1962.tb03240.x.
Kohn, T. A.; Burroughs, R.; Hartman, M. J.; Noakes, T. D. (2011). "Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion (Panthera leo), Caracal (Caracal caracal) and human skeletal muscle" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 159 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.006. hdl:2263/19598. PMID 21320626.
Jacobs, B.; Garcia, M. E.; Shea‐Shumsky, N. B.; Tennison, M. E.; Schall, M.; Saviano, M. S.; Tummino, T. A.; Bull, A. J.; Driscoll, L. L.; Raghanti, M. A.; Lewandowski, A. H.; Wicinski, B.; Ki Chui, H.; Bertelsen, M. F.; Walsh, T. (2018). "Comparative morphology of gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex across mammals". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (3): 496–536. doi:10.1002/cne.24349.
Smuts, G. L.; Robinson, G. A.; Whyte, I. J. (1980). "Comparative growth of wild male and female lions (Panthera leo)". Journal of Zoology. 190 (3): 365–373. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1980.tb01433.x.
Yamaguchi, N.; Cooper, A.; Werdelin, L.; MacDonald, D. W. (2004). "Evolution of the mane and group-living in the lion (Panthera leo): a review". Journal of Zoology. 263 (4): 329–342. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005242.
Tefera, M. (2003). "Phenotypic and reproductive characteristics of lions (Panthera leo) at Addis Ababa Zoo". Biodiversity & Conservation. 12 (8): 1629–1639. Bibcode:2003BiCon..12.1629T. doi:10.1023/A:1023641629538.
Barazandeh, M.; Kriti, D.; Fickel, J.; Nislow, C. (2024). "The Addis Ababa Lions: Whole-genome sequencing of a rare and precious population". Genome Biology and Evolution. 16 (2). doi:10.1093/gbe/evae021. PMC 10871700. PMID 38302110.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; Cooper, A. (2006). "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 7 (4): 507–514. Bibcode:2006ConG....7..507B. doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0. S2CID 24190889. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2006.
Peyton, P. M.; Packer, C. (2002). "Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane". Science. 297 (5585): 1339–1343. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1339W. doi:10.1126/science.1073257. PMID 12193785. S2CID 15893512.
Trethowan, P.; Fuller, A.; Haw, A.; Hart, T.; Markham, A.; Loveridge, A.; Hetem, R.; du Preez, B.; Macdonald, D. W. (2017). "Getting to the core: Internal body temperatures help reveal the ecological function and thermal implications of the lions' mane". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 253–262. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7..253T. doi:10.1002/ece3.2556. PMC 5214092. PMID 28070288.
Munson, L. (2006). "Contraception in felids". Theriogenology. 66 (1): 126–134. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.016. PMID 16626799.
Riggio, J.; Jacobson, A.; Dollar, L.; Bauer, H.; Becker, M.; Dickman, A.; Funston, P.; Groom, R.; Henschel, P.; de Iongh, H.; Lichtenfeld, L.; Pimm, S. (2013). "The size of savannah Africa: a lion's (Panthera leo) view". Biodiversity Conservation. 22 (1): 17–35. Bibcode:2013BiCon..22...17R. doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0381-4.
Black, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). "Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60174. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860174B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174. PMC 3616087. PMID 23573239.
Marciszak, A.; Ivanoff, D. V.; Semenov, Y. A.; Talamo, S.; Ridush, B.; Stupak, A.; Yanish, Y.; Kovalchuk, O. (2022). "The Quaternary lions of Ukraine and a trend of decreasing size in Panthera spelaea". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (1): 109–135. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09635-3. hdl:11585/903022.
Daróczi-Szabó, M.; Kovács, Z. E.; Raczky, P.; Bartosiewicz, L. (2020). "Pending danger: Recent copper age lion (Panthera leo L., 1758) finds from Hungary". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 30 (4): 469–481. doi:10.1002/oa.2875.
Schnitzler, A.; Hermann, L. (2019). "Chronological distribution of the tiger Panthera tigris and the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica in their common range in Asia". Mammal Review. 49 (4): 340–353. doi:10.1111/mam.12166. S2CID 202040786.
Milius, S. (2002). "Biology: Maneless lions live one guy per pride". Society for Science & the Public. 161 (16): 253. doi:10.1002/scin.5591611614.
Borrego, N.; Ozgul, A.; Slotow, R.; Packer, C. (2018). "Lion population dynamics: do nomadic males matter?". Behavioral Ecology. 29 (3): 660–666. doi:10.1093/beheco/ary018.
van Hooft, P.; Keet, D. F.; Brebner, D. K.; Bastos, A. D. (2018). "Genetic insights into dispersal distance and disperser fitness of African lions (Panthera leo) from the latitudinal extremes of the Kruger National Park, South Africa". BMC Genetics. 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s12863-018-0607-x. PMC 5883395. PMID 29614950.
Mosser, A. A.; Kosmala, M.; Packer, C. (2015). "Landscape heterogeneity and behavioral traits drive the evolution of lion group territoriality". Behavioral Ecology. 26 (4): 1051–1059. doi:10.1093/beheco/arv046.
Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions" (PDF). Science. 269 (5228): 1260–1262. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1260H. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID 7652573. S2CID 35849910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.
Morell, V. (1995). "Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory". Science. 269 (5228): 1216–1217. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1216M. doi:10.1126/science.7652566. PMID 7652566. S2CID 44676637.
Jahn, G. C. (1996). "Lioness Leadership". Science. 271 (5253): 1215. Bibcode:1996Sci...271.1215J. doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1215a. PMID 17820922. S2CID 5058849.
Chakrabarti, S.; Jhala, Y. V. (2017). "Selfish partners: resource partitioning in male coalitions of Asiatic lions". Behavioral Ecology. 28 (6): 1532–1539. doi:10.1093/beheco/arx118. PMC 5873260. PMID 29622932.
Hayward, M. W.; Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). "Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 267 (3): 309–322. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.8271. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007508. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2015.
Mukherjee, S.; Goyal, S. P.; Chellam, R. (1994). "Refined techniques for the analysis of Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica scats". Acta Theriologica. 39 (4): 425–430. doi:10.4098/AT.arch.94-50.
Meena, V.; Jhala, Y. V.; Chellam, R.; Pathak, B. (2011). "Implications of diet composition of Asiatic lions for their conservation". Journal of Zoology. 284 (1): 60–67. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00780.x.
Joubert, D. (2006). "Hunting behaviour of lions (Panthera leo) on elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Journal of Ecology. 44 (2): 279–281. Bibcode:2006AfJEc..44..279J. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00626.x.
Power, R. J.; Compion, R. X. S. (2009). "Lion predation on elephants in the Savuti, Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Zoology. 44 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3377/004.044.0104. S2CID 86371484. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Stander, P. E. (1992). "Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual" (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 29 (6): 445–454. Bibcode:1992BEcoS..29..445S. doi:10.1007/BF00170175. S2CID 2588727. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015.
Loarie, S. R.; Tambling, C. J.; Asner, G. P. (2013). "Lion hunting behaviour and vegetation structure in an African savanna" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 85 (5): 899–906. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.018. hdl:2263/41825. S2CID 53185309. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2017.
Wilson, A. M.; Hubel, T. Y.; Wilshin, S. D.; Lowe, J. C.; Lorenc, M.; Dewhirst, O. P.; Bartlam-Brooks, H. L.; Diack, R.; Bennitt, E.; Golabek, K. A.; Woledge, R. C. (2018). "Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala" (PDF). Nature. 554 (7691): 183–188. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..183W. doi:10.1038/nature25479. PMID 29364874. S2CID 4405091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020.
McNeill, R. A. (1993). "Legs and locomotion of carnivora". In Dunstone, N.; Gorman, M. L. (eds.). Mammals as Predators: The Proceedings of a Symposium Held by The Zoological Society of London and Mammal Society: London, 22nd and 23rd November 1991. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198540670.003.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-854067-0.
Thomason, J. J. (1991). "Cranial strength in relation to estimated biting forces in some mammals". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 69 (9): 2326–2333. Bibcode:1991CaJZ...69.2326T. doi:10.1139/z91-327.
Wroe, S.; McHenry, C.; Thomason, J. J. (2005). "Bite club: comparative bite force in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1563): 619–625. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2986. PMC 1564077. PMID 15817436.
Van der Meijden, A.; González-Gómez, J. C.; Pulido-Osorio, M. D.; Herrel, A. (2023). "Measurement of voluntary bite forces in large carnivores using a semi-automated reward-driven system". Journal of Experimental Biology. 226 (7): jeb245255. doi:10.1242/jeb.245255. PMID 36939369.
Hayward, M. W. (2006). "Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 270 (4): 606–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2011.
Trinkel, M.; Kastberger, G. (2005). "Competitive interactions between spotted hyenas and lions in the Etosha National Park, Namibia". African Journal of Ecology. 43 (3): 220–224. Bibcode:2005AfJEc..43..220T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00574.x.
Green, D. S.; Johnson-Ulrich, L.; Couraud, H. E.; Holekamp, K. E. (2018). "Anthropogenic disturbance induces opposing population trends in spotted hyenas and African lions". Biodiversity and Conservation. 27 (4): 871–889. Bibcode:2018BiCon..27..871G. doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1469-7. S2CID 44240882.
O'Brien, S. J.; Wildt, D. E.; Bush, M. (1986). "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril" (PDF). Scientific American. 254 (5): 68–76. Bibcode:1986SciAm.254e..84O. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0586-84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2011.
Laurenson, M. K. (1994). "High juvenile mortality in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and its consequences for maternal care" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 234 (3): 387–408. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04855.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2017.
Rostro-García, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Hunter, L. T. B. (2015). "To kill, stay or flee: the effects of lions and landscape factors on habitat and kill site selection of cheetahs in South Africa". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0117743. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017743R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117743. PMC 4333767. PMID 25693067.
Miller, J. R. B.; Pitman, R. T.; Mann, G. K. H.; Fuller, A. K.; Balme, G. A. (2018). "Lions and leopards coexist without spatial, temporal or demographic effects of interspecific competition". Journal of Animal Ecology. 87 (6): 1709–1726. Bibcode:2018JAnEc..87.1709M. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12883. PMID 30010193.
Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J. R. (1999). "Conserving the African wild dog Lycaon pictus. I. Diagnosing and treating causes of decline". Oryx. 33 (2): 132–142. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00052.x.
Pienaar, U. de V. (1969). "Predator–prey relationships among the larger mammals of the Kruger National Park". Koedoe. 12 (1): 108–176. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v12i1.753.
Schramm, Ralph Dee; Briggs, Michael B.; Reeves, Jerry J. (1994). "Spontaneous and induced ovulation in the lion (Panthera leo)". Zoo Biology. 13 (4): 301–307. doi:10.1002/zoo.1430130403.
Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. (May 1983). "Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males". American Naturalist. 121 (5): 716–728. doi:10.1086/284097. S2CID 84927815.
Fosbrooke, H. (1963). "The stomoxys plague in Ngorongoro". East African Wildlife Journal. 1 (6): 124–126. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1963.tb00190.x.
Myers, D. L.; Zurbriggen, A.; Lutz, H.; Pospischil, A. (1997). "Distemper: not a new disease in lions and tigers". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 4 (2): 180–184. doi:10.1128/CDLI.4.2.180-184.1997. PMC 170498. PMID 9067652.
Roelke-Parker, M. E.; Munson, L.; Packer, C.; Kock, R.; Cleaveland, S.; Carpenter, M.; O'Brien, S. J.; Pospischil, A.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; L., Hans; Mwanengele, G. L. M.; Mgasa, M. N.; Machange, G. A.; Summers, B. A.; Appel, M. J. G. (1996). "A canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)". Nature. 379 (6564): 441–445. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..441R. doi:10.1038/379441a0. PMC 7095363. PMID 8559247.
Bull, M. E.; Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.; Levine, J. F.; Loomis, M.; Gebhard, D. G.; Tompkins, W. A. (2003). "Evaluation of T lymphocytes in captive African lions (Panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 64 (10): 1293–1300. doi:10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1293. PMID 14596469.
Poli, A.; Abramo, F.; Cavicchio, P.; Bandecchi, P.; Ghelardi, E.; Pistello, M. (1995). "Lentivirus infection in an African lion: a clinical, pathologic and virologic study". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 31 (1): 70–74. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-31.1.70. PMID 7563428.
Andersen, K. F.; Vulpius, T. (1999). "Urinary volatile constituents of the lion, Panthera leo". Chemical Senses. 24 (2): 179–189. doi:10.1093/chemse/24.2.179. PMID 10321819.
Henschel, P.; Malanda, G.-A.; Hunter, L. (2014). "The status of savanna carnivores in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, northern Republic of Congo". Journal of Mammalogy. 95 (4): 882−892. doi:10.1644/13-mamm-a-306.
Henschel, P.; Petracca, L. S.; Hunter, L. T.; Kiki, M.; Sewadé, C.; Tehou, A.; Robinson, H. S. (2016). "Determinants of distribution patterns and management needs in a critically endangered lion Panthera leo population". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 4 (4): 110. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00110.
Tumenta, P. N.; Kok, J. S.; van Rijssel, J. C.; Buij, R.; Croes, B. M.; Funston, P. J.; de Iongh, H. H.; de Haes, H. A. Udo (2009). "Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon". African Journal of Ecology. 48 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01181.x. hdl:1887/14372. S2CID 56451273.
Bauer, H.; Van Der Merwe, S. (2004). "Inventory of free-ranging lions Panthera leo in Africa". Oryx. 38 (1): 26–31. doi:10.1017/S0030605304000055 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Bauer, H.; de Iongh, H.; Sogbohossou, E. (2010). "Assessment and mitigation of human-lion conflict in West and Central Africa". Mammalia. 74 (4): 363–367. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2010.048. S2CID 86228533.
Singh, H. S.; Gibson, L. (2011). "A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) of Gir forest". Biological Conservation. 144 (5): 1753–1757. Bibcode:2011BCons.144.1753S. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009.
Singh, H. S. (2017). "Dispersion of the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica and its survival in human-dominated landscape outside the Gir forest, Gujarat, India". Current Science. 112 (5): 933–940. doi:10.18520/cs/v112/i05/933-940.
Saberwal, V. K.; Gibbs, J. P.; Chellam, R.; Johnsingh, A. J. T. (1994). "Lion-Human Conflict in the Gir Forest, India". Conservation Biology. 8 (2): 501–507. Bibcode:1994ConBi...8..501S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020501.x.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Nijman, V. (2007). "Using ancient DNA techniques to identify the origin of unprovenanced museum specimens, as illustrated by the identification of a 19th century lion from Amsterdam". Contributions to Zoology. 76 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1163/18759866-07602002. S2CID 2131247. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
Bruche, S.; Gusset, M.; Lippold, S.; Barnett, R.; Eulenberger, K.; Junhold, J.; Driscoll, C. A.; Hofreiter, M. (2012). "A genetically distinct lion (Panthera leo) population from Ethiopia". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 59 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1007/s10344-012-0668-5. S2CID 508478.
O'Brien, S. J.; Joslin, P.; Smith, G. L. III; Wolfe, R.; Schaffer, N.; Heath, E.; Ott-Joslin, J.; Rawal, P. P.; Bhattacharjee, K. K.; Martenson, J. S. (1987). "Evidence for African origins of founders of the Asiatic lion Species Survival Plan" (PDF). Zoo Biology. 6 (2): 99–116. doi:10.1002/zoo.1430060202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
Daigle, C. L.; Brown, J. L.; Carlstead, K.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Freeman, E. W.; Snider, R. J. (2015). "Multi-institutional survey of social, management, husbandry and environmental factors for the SSP African lion Panthera leo population: examining the effects of a breeding moratorium in relation to reproductive success". International Zoo Yearbook. 49 (1): 198–213. doi:10.1111/izy.12073.
Hazzah, L.; Borgerhoof Mulder, M.; Frank, L. (2009). "Lions and warriors: Social factors underlying declining African lion populations and the effect of incentive-based management in Kenya". Biological Conservation. 142 (11): 2428–2437. Bibcode:2009BCons.142.2428H. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.006.
Patterson, B. D.; Neiburger, E. J.; Kasiki, S. M. (2003). "Tooth Breakage and Dental Disease as Causes of Carnivore–Human Conflicts". Journal of Mammalogy. 84 (1): 190–196. doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0190:TBADDA>2.0.CO;2.
Peterhans, J. C. K.; Gnoske, T. P. (2001). "The Science of Man-eating". Journal of East African Natural History. 90 (1&2): 1–40. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[1:TSOMAL]2.0.CO;2.
Packer, C.; Ikanda, D.; Kissui, B.; Kushnir, H. (2005). "Conservation biology: lion attacks on humans in Tanzania". Nature. 436 (7053): 927–928. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..927P. doi:10.1038/436927a. PMID 16107828. S2CID 3190757.
Packer, C.; Swanson, A.; Ikanda, D.; Kushnir, H. (2011). "Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions". PLOS One. 6 (7): e22285. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622285P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022285. PMC 3140494. PMID 21799812.
Cassin, Elena (1981). "Le roi et le lion" [The King and the Lion]. Revue de l'Histoire des Religions (in French). 298 (198–4): 355–401. doi:10.3406/rhr.1981.4828.
Watanabe, C. E. (2015). "The symbolic role of animals in Babylon: a contextual approach to the lion, the bull and the mušḫuššu". Iraq. 77: 215–224. doi:10.1017/irq.2015.17.
Rangarajan, M. (2013). "Animals with rich histories: the case of the lions of Gir Forest, Gujarat, India". History and Theory. 52 (4): 109–127. doi:10.1111/hith.10690.

free.fr

carnivoractionplans1.free.fr

Nowell, K.; Jackson, P. (1996). "African lion, Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758); Asiatic lion, Panthera leo persica (Meyer, 1826)". Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 17–21, 37–41. ISBN 978-2-8317-0045-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2005.

google.com

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Panthera leo". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Barnett, R.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Soares, A. E. R.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Zazula, G.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Kirillova, I. V.; Larson, G.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016). "Mitogenomics of the Extinct Cave Lion, Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), resolve its position within the Panthera cats". Open Quaternary. 2: 4. doi:10.5334/oq.24. hdl:10576/22920. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Chimento, N. R.; Agnolin, F. L. (2017). "The fossil American lion (Panthera atrox) in South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 16 (8): 850–864. Bibcode:2017CRPal..16..850C. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.009. hdl:11336/65990.
Salis, Alexander T.; Bray, Sarah C. E.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A.; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C. Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei (December 2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. Bibcode:2022MolEc..31.6407S. doi:10.1111/mec.16267. hdl:11343/299180. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 34748674.
Kohn, T. A.; Burroughs, R.; Hartman, M. J.; Noakes, T. D. (2011). "Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion (Panthera leo), Caracal (Caracal caracal) and human skeletal muscle" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 159 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.006. hdl:2263/19598. PMID 21320626.
Marciszak, A.; Ivanoff, D. V.; Semenov, Y. A.; Talamo, S.; Ridush, B.; Stupak, A.; Yanish, Y.; Kovalchuk, O. (2022). "The Quaternary lions of Ukraine and a trend of decreasing size in Panthera spelaea". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (1): 109–135. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09635-3. hdl:11585/903022.
Loarie, S. R.; Tambling, C. J.; Asner, G. P. (2013). "Lion hunting behaviour and vegetation structure in an African savanna" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 85 (5): 899–906. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.018. hdl:2263/41825. S2CID 53185309. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2017.
Tumenta, P. N.; Kok, J. S.; van Rijssel, J. C.; Buij, R.; Croes, B. M.; Funston, P. J.; de Iongh, H. H.; de Haes, H. A. Udo (2009). "Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon". African Journal of Ecology. 48 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01181.x. hdl:1887/14372. S2CID 56451273.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G.; Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C.; Goswami, A. (2011). "Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
de Manuel, M.; Barnett, R.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M-S. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Bertola, L. D.; Jongbloed, H.; Van Der Gaag, K. J.; De Knijff, P.; Yamaguchi, N.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Bauer, H.; Henschel, P.; White, P. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Tende, T.; Ottosson, U.; Saidu, Y.; Vrieling, K.; de Iongh, H. H. (2016). "Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and High Resolution Delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (Panthera leo)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30807. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630807B. doi:10.1038/srep30807. PMC 4973251. PMID 27488946.
de Manuel, M.; Ross, B.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Stuart, A. J.; Lister, A. M. (2011). "Extinction chronology of the cave lion Panthera spelaea". Quaternary Science Reviews. 30 (17): 2329–2340. Bibcode:2011QSRv...30.2329S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.023.
Burger, J.; Rosendahl, W.; Loreille, O.; Hemmer, H.; Eriksson, T.; Götherström, A.; Hiller, J.; Collins, M. J.; Wess, T.; Alt, K. W. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..841B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.020. PMID 15012963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007.
Chimento, N. R.; Agnolin, F. L. (2017). "The fossil American lion (Panthera atrox) in South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 16 (8): 850–864. Bibcode:2017CRPal..16..850C. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.009. hdl:11336/65990.
Salis, Alexander T.; Bray, Sarah C. E.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A.; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C. Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei (December 2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. Bibcode:2022MolEc..31.6407S. doi:10.1111/mec.16267. hdl:11343/299180. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 34748674.
King, L. M.; Wallace, S. C. (2014). "Phylogenetics of Panthera, including Panthera atrox, based on craniodental characters". Historical Biology. 26 (6): 827–833. Bibcode:2014HBio...26..827K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.861462. S2CID 84229141.
Barnett, R.; Shapiro, B.; Barnes, I.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Burger, J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Higham, T. F. G.; Wheeler, H. T.; Rosendahl, W.; Sher, A. V.; Sotnikova, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Martin, L. D.; Harington, C. R.; Burns, J. A.; Cooper, A. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. Bibcode:2009MolEc..18.1668B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. S2CID 46716748. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Ho, S. Y.; Barnes, I.; Sabin, R.; Werdelin, L.; Cuisin, J.; Larson, G. (2014). "Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 70. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14...70B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-70. PMC 3997813. PMID 24690312.
Bertola, L. D.; Van Hooft, W. F.; Vrieling, K.; Uit De Weerd, D. R.; York, D. S.; Bauer, H.; Prins, H. H. T.; Funston, P. J.; Udo De Haes, H. A.; Leirs, H.; Van Haeringen, W. A.; Sogbohossou, E.; Tumenta, P. N.; De Iongh, H. H. (2011). "Genetic diversity, evolutionary history and implications for conservation of the lion (Panthera leo) in West and Central Africa". Journal of Biogeography. 38 (7): 1356–1367. Bibcode:2011JBiog..38.1356B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02500.x. S2CID 82728679.
Pocock, R. I. (1898). "Lion-Tiger Hybrid". Nature. 58 (1496): 200. Bibcode:1898Natur..58Q.200P. doi:10.1038/058200b0. S2CID 4056029. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
Tefera, M. (2003). "Phenotypic and reproductive characteristics of lions (Panthera leo) at Addis Ababa Zoo". Biodiversity & Conservation. 12 (8): 1629–1639. Bibcode:2003BiCon..12.1629T. doi:10.1023/A:1023641629538.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; Cooper, A. (2006). "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 7 (4): 507–514. Bibcode:2006ConG....7..507B. doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0. S2CID 24190889. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2006.
Peyton, P. M.; Packer, C. (2002). "Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane". Science. 297 (5585): 1339–1343. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1339W. doi:10.1126/science.1073257. PMID 12193785. S2CID 15893512.
Trethowan, P.; Fuller, A.; Haw, A.; Hart, T.; Markham, A.; Loveridge, A.; Hetem, R.; du Preez, B.; Macdonald, D. W. (2017). "Getting to the core: Internal body temperatures help reveal the ecological function and thermal implications of the lions' mane". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 253–262. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7..253T. doi:10.1002/ece3.2556. PMC 5214092. PMID 28070288.
Riggio, J.; Jacobson, A.; Dollar, L.; Bauer, H.; Becker, M.; Dickman, A.; Funston, P.; Groom, R.; Henschel, P.; de Iongh, H.; Lichtenfeld, L.; Pimm, S. (2013). "The size of savannah Africa: a lion's (Panthera leo) view". Biodiversity Conservation. 22 (1): 17–35. Bibcode:2013BiCon..22...17R. doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0381-4.
Black, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). "Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60174. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860174B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174. PMC 3616087. PMID 23573239.
Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions" (PDF). Science. 269 (5228): 1260–1262. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1260H. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID 7652573. S2CID 35849910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.
Morell, V. (1995). "Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory". Science. 269 (5228): 1216–1217. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1216M. doi:10.1126/science.7652566. PMID 7652566. S2CID 44676637.
Jahn, G. C. (1996). "Lioness Leadership". Science. 271 (5253): 1215. Bibcode:1996Sci...271.1215J. doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1215a. PMID 17820922. S2CID 5058849.
Joubert, D. (2006). "Hunting behaviour of lions (Panthera leo) on elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Journal of Ecology. 44 (2): 279–281. Bibcode:2006AfJEc..44..279J. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00626.x.
Stander, P. E. (1992). "Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual" (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 29 (6): 445–454. Bibcode:1992BEcoS..29..445S. doi:10.1007/BF00170175. S2CID 2588727. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015.
Wilson, A. M.; Hubel, T. Y.; Wilshin, S. D.; Lowe, J. C.; Lorenc, M.; Dewhirst, O. P.; Bartlam-Brooks, H. L.; Diack, R.; Bennitt, E.; Golabek, K. A.; Woledge, R. C. (2018). "Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala" (PDF). Nature. 554 (7691): 183–188. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..183W. doi:10.1038/nature25479. PMID 29364874. S2CID 4405091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020.
Thomason, J. J. (1991). "Cranial strength in relation to estimated biting forces in some mammals". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 69 (9): 2326–2333. Bibcode:1991CaJZ...69.2326T. doi:10.1139/z91-327.
Trinkel, M.; Kastberger, G. (2005). "Competitive interactions between spotted hyenas and lions in the Etosha National Park, Namibia". African Journal of Ecology. 43 (3): 220–224. Bibcode:2005AfJEc..43..220T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00574.x.
Green, D. S.; Johnson-Ulrich, L.; Couraud, H. E.; Holekamp, K. E. (2018). "Anthropogenic disturbance induces opposing population trends in spotted hyenas and African lions". Biodiversity and Conservation. 27 (4): 871–889. Bibcode:2018BiCon..27..871G. doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1469-7. S2CID 44240882.
O'Brien, S. J.; Wildt, D. E.; Bush, M. (1986). "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril" (PDF). Scientific American. 254 (5): 68–76. Bibcode:1986SciAm.254e..84O. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0586-84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2011.
Rostro-García, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Hunter, L. T. B. (2015). "To kill, stay or flee: the effects of lions and landscape factors on habitat and kill site selection of cheetahs in South Africa". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0117743. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017743R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117743. PMC 4333767. PMID 25693067.
Miller, J. R. B.; Pitman, R. T.; Mann, G. K. H.; Fuller, A. K.; Balme, G. A. (2018). "Lions and leopards coexist without spatial, temporal or demographic effects of interspecific competition". Journal of Animal Ecology. 87 (6): 1709–1726. Bibcode:2018JAnEc..87.1709M. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12883. PMID 30010193.
Roelke-Parker, M. E.; Munson, L.; Packer, C.; Kock, R.; Cleaveland, S.; Carpenter, M.; O'Brien, S. J.; Pospischil, A.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; L., Hans; Mwanengele, G. L. M.; Mgasa, M. N.; Machange, G. A.; Summers, B. A.; Appel, M. J. G. (1996). "A canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)". Nature. 379 (6564): 441–445. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..441R. doi:10.1038/379441a0. PMC 7095363. PMID 8559247.
Singh, H. S.; Gibson, L. (2011). "A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) of Gir forest". Biological Conservation. 144 (5): 1753–1757. Bibcode:2011BCons.144.1753S. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009.
Saberwal, V. K.; Gibbs, J. P.; Chellam, R.; Johnsingh, A. J. T. (1994). "Lion-Human Conflict in the Gir Forest, India". Conservation Biology. 8 (2): 501–507. Bibcode:1994ConBi...8..501S. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020501.x.
Hazzah, L.; Borgerhoof Mulder, M.; Frank, L. (2009). "Lions and warriors: Social factors underlying declining African lion populations and the effect of incentive-based management in Kenya". Biological Conservation. 142 (11): 2428–2437. Bibcode:2009BCons.142.2428H. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.006.
Packer, C.; Ikanda, D.; Kissui, B.; Kushnir, H. (2005). "Conservation biology: lion attacks on humans in Tanzania". Nature. 436 (7053): 927–928. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..927P. doi:10.1038/436927a. PMID 16107828. S2CID 3190757.
Packer, C.; Swanson, A.; Ikanda, D.; Kushnir, H. (2011). "Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions". PLOS One. 6 (7): e22285. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622285P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022285. PMC 3140494. PMID 21799812.

honoluluadvertiser.com

the.honoluluadvertiser.com

Aguiar, E. (2007). "Honolulu zoo's old lion roars no more". Honolulu Advertiser. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
Lum, C. (2007). "Zoo puts end to 2 lions' suffering". Honolulu Advertiser. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Kaushik, H. (2017). "Lion population roars to 650 in Gujarat forests". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.

iucnredlist.org

Nicholson, S.; Bauer, H.; Strampelli, P.; Sogbohossou, E.; Ikanda, D.; Tumenta, P. F.; Venktraman, M.; Chapron, G.; Loveridge, A. (2024) [amended version of 2023 assessment]. "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T15951A259030422. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
Breitenmoser, U.; Mallon, D. P.; Ahmad Khan, J.; Driscoll, C. (2008). "Panthera leo ssp. persica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T15952A5327221. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T15952A5327221.en.
Henschel, P.; Bauer, H.; Sogbohoussou, E.; Nowell, K. (2015). "Panthera leo West Africa subpopulation". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T68933833A54067639.en.

kb.se

urn.kb.se

Shi, W. (2005). "Hybrid dysgenesis effects" (PDF). Growth and Behaviour: Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Involved in Hybrid Dysgenesis (PhD). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. pp. 8–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2019.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Trivedi, B. P. (2005). "Are maneless Tsavo Lions prone to male pattern baldness?". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 5 June 2002. Retrieved 7 July 2007.
Owen, J. (2005). "Medieval Lion Skulls Reveal Secrets of Tower of London "Zoo"". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 5 November 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2007.

nationalgeographic.com

Dell'Amore, C. (2016). "No, those aren't male lions mating. One is likely a female". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2016.

newscientist.com

Gruber, K. (2022). "Five wild lionesses grow a mane and start acting like males". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
Wong, S. (2016). "Hidden population of up to 200 lions found in remote Ethiopia". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G.; Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C.; Goswami, A. (2011). "Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
de Manuel, M.; Barnett, R.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M-S. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Bertola, L. D.; Jongbloed, H.; Van Der Gaag, K. J.; De Knijff, P.; Yamaguchi, N.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Bauer, H.; Henschel, P.; White, P. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Tende, T.; Ottosson, U.; Saidu, Y.; Vrieling, K.; de Iongh, H. H. (2016). "Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and High Resolution Delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (Panthera leo)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30807. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630807B. doi:10.1038/srep30807. PMC 4973251. PMID 27488946.
de Manuel, M.; Ross, B.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Christiansen, P. (2008). "Phylogeny of the great cats (Felidae: Pantherinae), and the influence of fossil taxa and missing characters". Cladistics. 24 (6): 977–992. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00226.x. PMID 34892880. S2CID 84497516.
Burger, J.; Rosendahl, W.; Loreille, O.; Hemmer, H.; Eriksson, T.; Götherström, A.; Hiller, J.; Collins, M. J.; Wess, T.; Alt, K. W. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..841B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.020. PMID 15012963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007.
Salis, Alexander T.; Bray, Sarah C. E.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A.; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C. Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei (December 2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. Bibcode:2022MolEc..31.6407S. doi:10.1111/mec.16267. hdl:11343/299180. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 34748674.
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Xie, G. (2014). "Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1774): 20132686. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686. PMC 3843846. PMID 24225466.
Barnett, R.; Shapiro, B.; Barnes, I.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Burger, J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Higham, T. F. G.; Wheeler, H. T.; Rosendahl, W.; Sher, A. V.; Sotnikova, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Martin, L. D.; Harington, C. R.; Burns, J. A.; Cooper, A. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. Bibcode:2009MolEc..18.1668B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. S2CID 46716748. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Ho, S. Y.; Barnes, I.; Sabin, R.; Werdelin, L.; Cuisin, J.; Larson, G. (2014). "Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 70. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14...70B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-70. PMC 3997813. PMID 24690312.
Zhang, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, L.; Tao, M.; Zhang, C.; Qin, Q.; Xiao, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, S. (2014). "Research advances in animal distant hybridization" (PDF). Science China Life Sciences. 57 (9): 889–902. doi:10.1007/s11427-014-4707-1. PMID 25091377. S2CID 18179301. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2018.
Kohn, T. A.; Burroughs, R.; Hartman, M. J.; Noakes, T. D. (2011). "Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion (Panthera leo), Caracal (Caracal caracal) and human skeletal muscle" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 159 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.006. hdl:2263/19598. PMID 21320626.
Barazandeh, M.; Kriti, D.; Fickel, J.; Nislow, C. (2024). "The Addis Ababa Lions: Whole-genome sequencing of a rare and precious population". Genome Biology and Evolution. 16 (2). doi:10.1093/gbe/evae021. PMC 10871700. PMID 38302110.
Peyton, P. M.; Packer, C. (2002). "Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane". Science. 297 (5585): 1339–1343. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1339W. doi:10.1126/science.1073257. PMID 12193785. S2CID 15893512.
Trethowan, P.; Fuller, A.; Haw, A.; Hart, T.; Markham, A.; Loveridge, A.; Hetem, R.; du Preez, B.; Macdonald, D. W. (2017). "Getting to the core: Internal body temperatures help reveal the ecological function and thermal implications of the lions' mane". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 253–262. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7..253T. doi:10.1002/ece3.2556. PMC 5214092. PMID 28070288.
Munson, L. (2006). "Contraception in felids". Theriogenology. 66 (1): 126–134. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.016. PMID 16626799.
Black, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). "Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60174. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860174B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174. PMC 3616087. PMID 23573239.
van Hooft, P.; Keet, D. F.; Brebner, D. K.; Bastos, A. D. (2018). "Genetic insights into dispersal distance and disperser fitness of African lions (Panthera leo) from the latitudinal extremes of the Kruger National Park, South Africa". BMC Genetics. 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s12863-018-0607-x. PMC 5883395. PMID 29614950.
Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions" (PDF). Science. 269 (5228): 1260–1262. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1260H. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID 7652573. S2CID 35849910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.
Morell, V. (1995). "Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory". Science. 269 (5228): 1216–1217. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1216M. doi:10.1126/science.7652566. PMID 7652566. S2CID 44676637.
Jahn, G. C. (1996). "Lioness Leadership". Science. 271 (5253): 1215. Bibcode:1996Sci...271.1215J. doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1215a. PMID 17820922. S2CID 5058849.
Chakrabarti, S.; Jhala, Y. V. (2017). "Selfish partners: resource partitioning in male coalitions of Asiatic lions". Behavioral Ecology. 28 (6): 1532–1539. doi:10.1093/beheco/arx118. PMC 5873260. PMID 29622932.
Wilson, A. M.; Hubel, T. Y.; Wilshin, S. D.; Lowe, J. C.; Lorenc, M.; Dewhirst, O. P.; Bartlam-Brooks, H. L.; Diack, R.; Bennitt, E.; Golabek, K. A.; Woledge, R. C. (2018). "Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala" (PDF). Nature. 554 (7691): 183–188. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..183W. doi:10.1038/nature25479. PMID 29364874. S2CID 4405091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020.
Wroe, S.; McHenry, C.; Thomason, J. J. (2005). "Bite club: comparative bite force in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1563): 619–625. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2986. PMC 1564077. PMID 15817436.
Van der Meijden, A.; González-Gómez, J. C.; Pulido-Osorio, M. D.; Herrel, A. (2023). "Measurement of voluntary bite forces in large carnivores using a semi-automated reward-driven system". Journal of Experimental Biology. 226 (7): jeb245255. doi:10.1242/jeb.245255. PMID 36939369.
Rostro-García, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Hunter, L. T. B. (2015). "To kill, stay or flee: the effects of lions and landscape factors on habitat and kill site selection of cheetahs in South Africa". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0117743. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017743R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117743. PMC 4333767. PMID 25693067.
Miller, J. R. B.; Pitman, R. T.; Mann, G. K. H.; Fuller, A. K.; Balme, G. A. (2018). "Lions and leopards coexist without spatial, temporal or demographic effects of interspecific competition". Journal of Animal Ecology. 87 (6): 1709–1726. Bibcode:2018JAnEc..87.1709M. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12883. PMID 30010193.
Sachs, R. (1969). "Untersuchungen zur Artbestimmung und Differenzierung der Muskelfinnen ostafrikanischer Wildtiere [Differentiation and species determination of muscle-cysticerci in East African game animals]". Zeitschrift für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie (in German). 20 (1): 39–50. PMID 5393325.
Myers, D. L.; Zurbriggen, A.; Lutz, H.; Pospischil, A. (1997). "Distemper: not a new disease in lions and tigers". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 4 (2): 180–184. doi:10.1128/CDLI.4.2.180-184.1997. PMC 170498. PMID 9067652.
Roelke-Parker, M. E.; Munson, L.; Packer, C.; Kock, R.; Cleaveland, S.; Carpenter, M.; O'Brien, S. J.; Pospischil, A.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; L., Hans; Mwanengele, G. L. M.; Mgasa, M. N.; Machange, G. A.; Summers, B. A.; Appel, M. J. G. (1996). "A canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)". Nature. 379 (6564): 441–445. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..441R. doi:10.1038/379441a0. PMC 7095363. PMID 8559247.
Bull, M. E.; Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.; Levine, J. F.; Loomis, M.; Gebhard, D. G.; Tompkins, W. A. (2003). "Evaluation of T lymphocytes in captive African lions (Panthera leo) infected with feline immunodeficiency virus". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 64 (10): 1293–1300. doi:10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1293. PMID 14596469.
Poli, A.; Abramo, F.; Cavicchio, P.; Bandecchi, P.; Ghelardi, E.; Pistello, M. (1995). "Lentivirus infection in an African lion: a clinical, pathologic and virologic study". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 31 (1): 70–74. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-31.1.70. PMID 7563428.
Andersen, K. F.; Vulpius, T. (1999). "Urinary volatile constituents of the lion, Panthera leo". Chemical Senses. 24 (2): 179–189. doi:10.1093/chemse/24.2.179. PMID 10321819.
Packer, C.; Ikanda, D.; Kissui, B.; Kushnir, H. (2005). "Conservation biology: lion attacks on humans in Tanzania". Nature. 436 (7053): 927–928. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..927P. doi:10.1038/436927a. PMID 16107828. S2CID 3190757.
Packer, C.; Swanson, A.; Ikanda, D.; Kushnir, H. (2011). "Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions". PLOS One. 6 (7): e22285. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622285P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022285. PMC 3140494. PMID 21799812.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mazák, J. H.; Christiansen, P.; Kitchener, A. C.; Goswami, A. (2011). "Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25483. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625483M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025483. PMC 3189913. PMID 22016768.
de Manuel, M.; Barnett, R.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M-S. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Bertola, L. D.; Jongbloed, H.; Van Der Gaag, K. J.; De Knijff, P.; Yamaguchi, N.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Bauer, H.; Henschel, P.; White, P. A.; Driscoll, C. A.; Tende, T.; Ottosson, U.; Saidu, Y.; Vrieling, K.; de Iongh, H. H. (2016). "Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and High Resolution Delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (Panthera leo)". Scientific Reports. 6: 30807. Bibcode:2016NatSR...630807B. doi:10.1038/srep30807. PMC 4973251. PMID 27488946.
de Manuel, M.; Ross, B.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11710927D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.
Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
Tseng, Z. J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G. J.; Takeuchi, G. T.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Xie, G. (2014). "Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1774): 20132686. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2686. PMC 3843846. PMID 24225466.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Ho, S. Y.; Barnes, I.; Sabin, R.; Werdelin, L.; Cuisin, J.; Larson, G. (2014). "Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 70. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14...70B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-70. PMC 3997813. PMID 24690312.
Barazandeh, M.; Kriti, D.; Fickel, J.; Nislow, C. (2024). "The Addis Ababa Lions: Whole-genome sequencing of a rare and precious population". Genome Biology and Evolution. 16 (2). doi:10.1093/gbe/evae021. PMC 10871700. PMID 38302110.
Trethowan, P.; Fuller, A.; Haw, A.; Hart, T.; Markham, A.; Loveridge, A.; Hetem, R.; du Preez, B.; Macdonald, D. W. (2017). "Getting to the core: Internal body temperatures help reveal the ecological function and thermal implications of the lions' mane". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (1): 253–262. Bibcode:2017EcoEv...7..253T. doi:10.1002/ece3.2556. PMC 5214092. PMID 28070288.
Black, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). "Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation". PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60174. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860174B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174. PMC 3616087. PMID 23573239.
van Hooft, P.; Keet, D. F.; Brebner, D. K.; Bastos, A. D. (2018). "Genetic insights into dispersal distance and disperser fitness of African lions (Panthera leo) from the latitudinal extremes of the Kruger National Park, South Africa". BMC Genetics. 19 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s12863-018-0607-x. PMC 5883395. PMID 29614950.
Chakrabarti, S.; Jhala, Y. V. (2017). "Selfish partners: resource partitioning in male coalitions of Asiatic lions". Behavioral Ecology. 28 (6): 1532–1539. doi:10.1093/beheco/arx118. PMC 5873260. PMID 29622932.
Wroe, S.; McHenry, C.; Thomason, J. J. (2005). "Bite club: comparative bite force in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 272 (1563): 619–625. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2986. PMC 1564077. PMID 15817436.
Rostro-García, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Hunter, L. T. B. (2015). "To kill, stay or flee: the effects of lions and landscape factors on habitat and kill site selection of cheetahs in South Africa". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0117743. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017743R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117743. PMC 4333767. PMID 25693067.
Myers, D. L.; Zurbriggen, A.; Lutz, H.; Pospischil, A. (1997). "Distemper: not a new disease in lions and tigers". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 4 (2): 180–184. doi:10.1128/CDLI.4.2.180-184.1997. PMC 170498. PMID 9067652.
Roelke-Parker, M. E.; Munson, L.; Packer, C.; Kock, R.; Cleaveland, S.; Carpenter, M.; O'Brien, S. J.; Pospischil, A.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; L., Hans; Mwanengele, G. L. M.; Mgasa, M. N.; Machange, G. A.; Summers, B. A.; Appel, M. J. G. (1996). "A canine distemper epidemic in Serengeti lions (Panthera leo)". Nature. 379 (6564): 441–445. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..441R. doi:10.1038/379441a0. PMC 7095363. PMID 8559247.
Packer, C.; Swanson, A.; Ikanda, D.; Kushnir, H. (2011). "Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions". PLOS One. 6 (7): e22285. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622285P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022285. PMC 3140494. PMID 21799812.

nus.edu.sg

rmbr.nus.edu.sg

Manamendra-Arachchi, K.; Pethiyagoda, R.; Dissanayake, R.; Meegaskumbura, M. (2005). "A second extinct big cat from the late Quaternary of Sri Lanka" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement 12): 423–434. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2007.

nytimes.com

Capecchi, Christina; Rogers, Katie (30 July 2015). "Killer of Cecil the lion finds out that he is a target now, of internet vigilantism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.

oed.com

"lion". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 March 2022. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

ox.ac.uk

ora.ox.ac.uk

Barnett, R.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Soares, A. E. R.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Zazula, G.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Kirillova, I. V.; Larson, G.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016). "Mitogenomics of the Extinct Cave Lion, Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), resolve its position within the Panthera cats". Open Quaternary. 2: 4. doi:10.5334/oq.24. hdl:10576/22920. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2019.

abc.zoo.ox.ac.uk

Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; Cooper, A. (2006). "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 7 (4): 507–514. Bibcode:2006ConG....7..507B. doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0. S2CID 24190889. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2006.

popsci.com

Young, L. J. (2016). "The rare case of a lioness with a mane". Popular Science. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Hayward, M. W.; Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). "Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 267 (3): 309–322. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.8271. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007508. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2015.

researchgate.net

Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids: 59–82. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
Marciszak, A.; Stefaniak, K. (2010). "Two forms of cave lion: Middle Pleistocene Panthera spelaea fossilis Reichenau, 1906 and Upper Pleistocene Panthera spelaea spelaea Goldfuss, 1810 from the Bisnik Cave, Poland". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 258 (3): 339–351. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0117. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
Hemmer, H. (2011). "The story of the cave lion – Panthera Leo Spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) – A review". Quaternaire. 4: 201–208.
Chimento, N. R.; Agnolin, F. L. (2017). "The fossil American lion (Panthera atrox) in South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 16 (8): 850–864. Bibcode:2017CRPal..16..850C. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.009. hdl:11336/65990.
King, L. M.; Wallace, S. C. (2014). "Phylogenetics of Panthera, including Panthera atrox, based on craniodental characters". Historical Biology. 26 (6): 827–833. Bibcode:2014HBio...26..827K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.861462. S2CID 84229141.
Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
Jacobs, B.; Garcia, M. E.; Shea‐Shumsky, N. B.; Tennison, M. E.; Schall, M.; Saviano, M. S.; Tummino, T. A.; Bull, A. J.; Driscoll, L. L.; Raghanti, M. A.; Lewandowski, A. H.; Wicinski, B.; Ki Chui, H.; Bertelsen, M. F.; Walsh, T. (2018). "Comparative morphology of gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex across mammals". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (3): 496–536. doi:10.1002/cne.24349.
Power, R. J.; Compion, R. X. S. (2009). "Lion predation on elephants in the Savuti, Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Zoology. 44 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3377/004.044.0104. S2CID 86371484. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Daigle, C. L.; Brown, J. L.; Carlstead, K.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Freeman, E. W.; Snider, R. J. (2015). "Multi-institutional survey of social, management, husbandry and environmental factors for the SSP African lion Panthera leo population: examining the effects of a breeding moratorium in relation to reproductive success". International Zoo Yearbook. 49 (1): 198–213. doi:10.1111/izy.12073.

roberteklund.info

Eklund, R.; Peters, G.; Ananthakrishnan, G.; Mabiza, E. (2011). "An acoustic analysis of lion roars. I: Data collection and spectrogram and waveform analyses" (PDF). Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report. 51: 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.
Ananthakrishnan, G.; Eklund, R.; Peters, G.; Mabiza, E. (2011). "An acoustic analysis of lion roars. II: Vocal tract characteristics" (PDF). Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report. 51: 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Christiansen, P. (2008). "Phylogeny of the great cats (Felidae: Pantherinae), and the influence of fossil taxa and missing characters". Cladistics. 24 (6): 977–992. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00226.x. PMID 34892880. S2CID 84497516.
King, L. M.; Wallace, S. C. (2014). "Phylogenetics of Panthera, including Panthera atrox, based on craniodental characters". Historical Biology. 26 (6): 827–833. Bibcode:2014HBio...26..827K. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.861462. S2CID 84229141.
Barnett, R.; Shapiro, B.; Barnes, I.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Burger, J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Higham, T. F. G.; Wheeler, H. T.; Rosendahl, W.; Sher, A. V.; Sotnikova, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Martin, L. D.; Harington, C. R.; Burns, J. A.; Cooper, A. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. Bibcode:2009MolEc..18.1668B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. S2CID 46716748. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
Bertola, L. D.; Van Hooft, W. F.; Vrieling, K.; Uit De Weerd, D. R.; York, D. S.; Bauer, H.; Prins, H. H. T.; Funston, P. J.; Udo De Haes, H. A.; Leirs, H.; Van Haeringen, W. A.; Sogbohossou, E.; Tumenta, P. N.; De Iongh, H. H. (2011). "Genetic diversity, evolutionary history and implications for conservation of the lion (Panthera leo) in West and Central Africa". Journal of Biogeography. 38 (7): 1356–1367. Bibcode:2011JBiog..38.1356B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02500.x. S2CID 82728679.
Pocock, R. I. (1898). "Lion-Tiger Hybrid". Nature. 58 (1496): 200. Bibcode:1898Natur..58Q.200P. doi:10.1038/058200b0. S2CID 4056029. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
Zhang, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, L.; Tao, M.; Zhang, C.; Qin, Q.; Xiao, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, S. (2014). "Research advances in animal distant hybridization" (PDF). Science China Life Sciences. 57 (9): 889–902. doi:10.1007/s11427-014-4707-1. PMID 25091377. S2CID 18179301. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2018.
Haas, S. K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P. R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968757. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; Cooper, A. (2006). "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 7 (4): 507–514. Bibcode:2006ConG....7..507B. doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0. S2CID 24190889. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2006.
Peyton, P. M.; Packer, C. (2002). "Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane". Science. 297 (5585): 1339–1343. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1339W. doi:10.1126/science.1073257. PMID 12193785. S2CID 15893512.
Schnitzler, A.; Hermann, L. (2019). "Chronological distribution of the tiger Panthera tigris and the Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica in their common range in Asia". Mammal Review. 49 (4): 340–353. doi:10.1111/mam.12166. S2CID 202040786.
Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions" (PDF). Science. 269 (5228): 1260–1262. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1260H. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID 7652573. S2CID 35849910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.
Morell, V. (1995). "Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory". Science. 269 (5228): 1216–1217. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1216M. doi:10.1126/science.7652566. PMID 7652566. S2CID 44676637.
Jahn, G. C. (1996). "Lioness Leadership". Science. 271 (5253): 1215. Bibcode:1996Sci...271.1215J. doi:10.1126/science.271.5253.1215a. PMID 17820922. S2CID 5058849.
Power, R. J.; Compion, R. X. S. (2009). "Lion predation on elephants in the Savuti, Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Zoology. 44 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3377/004.044.0104. S2CID 86371484. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Stander, P. E. (1992). "Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual" (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 29 (6): 445–454. Bibcode:1992BEcoS..29..445S. doi:10.1007/BF00170175. S2CID 2588727. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015.
Loarie, S. R.; Tambling, C. J.; Asner, G. P. (2013). "Lion hunting behaviour and vegetation structure in an African savanna" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 85 (5): 899–906. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.018. hdl:2263/41825. S2CID 53185309. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2017.
Wilson, A. M.; Hubel, T. Y.; Wilshin, S. D.; Lowe, J. C.; Lorenc, M.; Dewhirst, O. P.; Bartlam-Brooks, H. L.; Diack, R.; Bennitt, E.; Golabek, K. A.; Woledge, R. C. (2018). "Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala" (PDF). Nature. 554 (7691): 183–188. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..183W. doi:10.1038/nature25479. PMID 29364874. S2CID 4405091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020.
Green, D. S.; Johnson-Ulrich, L.; Couraud, H. E.; Holekamp, K. E. (2018). "Anthropogenic disturbance induces opposing population trends in spotted hyenas and African lions". Biodiversity and Conservation. 27 (4): 871–889. Bibcode:2018BiCon..27..871G. doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1469-7. S2CID 44240882.
Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. (May 1983). "Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males". American Naturalist. 121 (5): 716–728. doi:10.1086/284097. S2CID 84927815.
Tumenta, P. N.; Kok, J. S.; van Rijssel, J. C.; Buij, R.; Croes, B. M.; Funston, P. J.; de Iongh, H. H.; de Haes, H. A. Udo (2009). "Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon". African Journal of Ecology. 48 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01181.x. hdl:1887/14372. S2CID 56451273.
Bauer, H.; de Iongh, H.; Sogbohossou, E. (2010). "Assessment and mitigation of human-lion conflict in West and Central Africa". Mammalia. 74 (4): 363–367. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2010.048. S2CID 86228533.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Nijman, V. (2007). "Using ancient DNA techniques to identify the origin of unprovenanced museum specimens, as illustrated by the identification of a 19th century lion from Amsterdam". Contributions to Zoology. 76 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1163/18759866-07602002. S2CID 2131247. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
Bruche, S.; Gusset, M.; Lippold, S.; Barnett, R.; Eulenberger, K.; Junhold, J.; Driscoll, C. A.; Hofreiter, M. (2012). "A genetically distinct lion (Panthera leo) population from Ethiopia". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 59 (2): 215–225. doi:10.1007/s10344-012-0668-5. S2CID 508478.
Packer, C.; Ikanda, D.; Kissui, B.; Kushnir, H. (2005). "Conservation biology: lion attacks on humans in Tanzania". Nature. 436 (7053): 927–928. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..927P. doi:10.1038/436927a. PMID 16107828. S2CID 3190757.

si.edu

repository.si.edu

Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 71–73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2019.

smith.edu

science.smith.edu

Haas, S. K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P. R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968757. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017.

spbu.ru

dobzhanskycenter.bio.spbu.ru

O'Brien, S. J.; Joslin, P.; Smith, G. L. III; Wolfe, R.; Schaffer, N.; Heath, E.; Ott-Joslin, J.; Rawal, P. P.; Bhattacharjee, K. K.; Martenson, J. S. (1987). "Evidence for African origins of founders of the Asiatic lion Species Survival Plan" (PDF). Zoo Biology. 6 (2): 99–116. doi:10.1002/zoo.1430060202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2019.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Zhang, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, L.; Tao, M.; Zhang, C.; Qin, Q.; Xiao, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, S. (2014). "Research advances in animal distant hybridization" (PDF). Science China Life Sciences. 57 (9): 889–902. doi:10.1007/s11427-014-4707-1. PMID 25091377. S2CID 18179301. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2018.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Liddell, H. G.; Scott, R. (1940). "πάνθηρ". A Greek-English Lexicon (Revised and augmented ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2021.

ucsd.edu

lchc.ucsd.edu

Stander, P. E. (1992). "Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual" (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 29 (6): 445–454. Bibcode:1992BEcoS..29..445S. doi:10.1007/BF00170175. S2CID 2588727. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015.

umd.edu

life.umd.edu

Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions" (PDF). Science. 269 (5228): 1260–1262. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1260H. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID 7652573. S2CID 35849910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.

umn.edu

cbs.umn.edu

Packer, C.; Clottes, J. (2000). "When Lions Ruled France" (PDF). Natural History. 109 (9): 52–57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2015.

uni-mainz.de

Burger, J.; Rosendahl, W.; Loreille, O.; Hemmer, H.; Eriksson, T.; Götherström, A.; Hiller, J.; Collins, M. J.; Wess, T.; Alt, K. W. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..841B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.020. PMID 15012963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007.

up.ac.za

repository.up.ac.za

Kohn, T. A.; Burroughs, R.; Hartman, M. J.; Noakes, T. D. (2011). "Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion (Panthera leo), Caracal (Caracal caracal) and human skeletal muscle" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 159 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.02.006. hdl:2263/19598. PMID 21320626.
Loarie, S. R.; Tambling, C. J.; Asner, G. P. (2013). "Lion hunting behaviour and vegetation structure in an African savanna" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 85 (5): 899–906. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.018. hdl:2263/41825. S2CID 53185309. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2017.

uva.nl

dpc.uba.uva.nl

Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Nijman, V. (2007). "Using ancient DNA techniques to identify the origin of unprovenanced museum specimens, as illustrated by the identification of a 19th century lion from Amsterdam". Contributions to Zoology. 76 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1163/18759866-07602002. S2CID 2131247. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

waza.org

Dollinger, P.; Geser, S. "Lion: In the Zoo (subpage)". Visit the Zoo. WAZA (World Association of Zoos and Aquariums). Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.

web.archive.org

Liddell, H. G.; Scott, R. (1940). "πάνθηρ". A Greek-English Lexicon (Revised and augmented ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids: 59–82. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
Davis, B. W.; Li, G.; Murphy, W. J. (2010). "Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 56 (1): 64–76. Bibcode:2010MolPE..56...64D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036. PMID 20138224. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 71–73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
Wood, J. G. (1865). "Felidæ; or the Cat Tribe". The Illustrated Natural History. Vol. Mammalia, Volume 1. London: Routledge. pp. 129−148. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
Hunter, L.; Barrett, P. (2018). "Lion Panthera leo". The Field Guide to Carnivores of the World (Second ed.). London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury. pp. 46−47. ISBN 978-1-4729-5080-2. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Manamendra-Arachchi, K.; Pethiyagoda, R.; Dissanayake, R.; Meegaskumbura, M. (2005). "A second extinct big cat from the late Quaternary of Sri Lanka" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (Supplement 12): 423–434. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2007.
Marciszak, A.; Stefaniak, K. (2010). "Two forms of cave lion: Middle Pleistocene Panthera spelaea fossilis Reichenau, 1906 and Upper Pleistocene Panthera spelaea spelaea Goldfuss, 1810 from the Bisnik Cave, Poland". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 258 (3): 339–351. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0117. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
Barnett, R.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Soares, A. E. R.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Zazula, G.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Kirillova, I. V.; Larson, G.; Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016). "Mitogenomics of the Extinct Cave Lion, Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), resolve its position within the Panthera cats". Open Quaternary. 2: 4. doi:10.5334/oq.24. hdl:10576/22920. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Burger, J.; Rosendahl, W.; Loreille, O.; Hemmer, H.; Eriksson, T.; Götherström, A.; Hiller, J.; Collins, M. J.; Wess, T.; Alt, K. W. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 841–849. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..841B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.020. PMID 15012963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2007.
Packer, C.; Clottes, J. (2000). "When Lions Ruled France" (PDF). Natural History. 109 (9): 52–57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2015.
Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
Barnett, R.; Shapiro, B.; Barnes, I.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Burger, J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Higham, T. F. G.; Wheeler, H. T.; Rosendahl, W.; Sher, A. V.; Sotnikova, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Martin, L. D.; Harington, C. R.; Burns, J. A.; Cooper, A. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. Bibcode:2009MolEc..18.1668B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. S2CID 46716748. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
Pocock, R. I. (1898). "Lion-Tiger Hybrid". Nature. 58 (1496): 200. Bibcode:1898Natur..58Q.200P. doi:10.1038/058200b0. S2CID 4056029. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
Shi, W. (2005). "Hybrid dysgenesis effects" (PDF). Growth and Behaviour: Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Involved in Hybrid Dysgenesis (PhD). Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. pp. 8–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2019.
Rafferty, J. P. (2011). "The Liger". Carnivores: Meat-eating Mammals. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-61530-340-3. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
Zhang, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, L.; Tao, M.; Zhang, C.; Qin, Q.; Xiao, J.; Liu, Y.; Liu, S. (2014). "Research advances in animal distant hybridization" (PDF). Science China Life Sciences. 57 (9): 889–902. doi:10.1007/s11427-014-4707-1. PMID 25091377. S2CID 18179301. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2018.
Haas, S. K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P. R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968757. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017.
Schaller, pp. 28–30. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Calder, W. A. (1996). "Skeletal muscle". Size, Function, and Life History. Courier Corporation. pp. 17–21. ISBN 978-0-486-69191-6. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
Brakefield, T. (1993). "Lion: Sociable Simba". Big Cats: Kingdom of Might. London: Voyageur Press. pp. 50–67. ISBN 978-0-89658-329-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Nowell, K.; Jackson, P. (1996). "African lion, Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758); Asiatic lion, Panthera leo persica (Meyer, 1826)". Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 17–21, 37–41. ISBN 978-2-8317-0045-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2005.
Packer, p. 148. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; Cooper, A. (2006). "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation" (PDF). Conservation Genetics. 7 (4): 507–514. Bibcode:2006ConG....7..507B. doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0. S2CID 24190889. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2006.
Packer, pp. 137, 145. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Packer, pp. 145. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, pp. 360. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, pp. 133. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Packer, pp. 133, 137, 145, 148. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Trivedi, B. P. (2005). "Are maneless Tsavo Lions prone to male pattern baldness?". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 5 June 2002. Retrieved 7 July 2007.
Gruber, K. (2022). "Five wild lionesses grow a mane and start acting like males". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
Young, L. J. (2016). "The rare case of a lioness with a mane". Popular Science. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
Dell'Amore, C. (2016). "No, those aren't male lions mating. One is likely a female". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
Schaller, p. 5. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Chardonnet, P. (2002). Conservation of African lion (PDF). Paris, France: International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013.
Firouz, E. (2005). The complete fauna of Iran. I. B. Tauris. pp. 5–67. ISBN 978-1-85043-946-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
Schaller, p. 122. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 120–121. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 33. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 37. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, p. 33. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 34–35. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, pp. 25, 31. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, pp. 52–54. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Packer, pp. 195–196, 222. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Heinsohn, R.; Packer, C. (1995). "Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions" (PDF). Science. 269 (5228): 1260–1262. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1260H. doi:10.1126/science.7652573. PMID 7652573. S2CID 35849910. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017.
Packer, pp. 42, 57. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 208. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Hayward, M. W.; Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). "Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 267 (3): 309–322. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.8271. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007508. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2015.
Schaller, pp. 220–221. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 153. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Power, R. J.; Compion, R. X. S. (2009). "Lion predation on elephants in the Savuti, Chobe National Park, Botswana". African Zoology. 44 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3377/004.044.0104. S2CID 86371484. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Stander, P. E. (1992). "Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual" (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 29 (6): 445–454. Bibcode:1992BEcoS..29..445S. doi:10.1007/BF00170175. S2CID 2588727. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015.
Loarie, S. R.; Tambling, C. J.; Asner, G. P. (2013). "Lion hunting behaviour and vegetation structure in an African savanna" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 85 (5): 899–906. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.018. hdl:2263/41825. S2CID 53185309. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2017.
Packer, p. 150, 153, 164–165. Packer, C. (2023). The Lion: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of an Iconic Species. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691215297. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Schaller, p. 248. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 233, 247–248 Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Wilson, A. M.; Hubel, T. Y.; Wilshin, S. D.; Lowe, J. C.; Lorenc, M.; Dewhirst, O. P.; Bartlam-Brooks, H. L.; Diack, R.; Bennitt, E.; Golabek, K. A.; Woledge, R. C. (2018). "Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala" (PDF). Nature. 554 (7691): 183–188. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..183W. doi:10.1038/nature25479. PMID 29364874. S2CID 4405091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020.
Schaller, p. 237. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 244, 263–267. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 270–76. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 133. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 276. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 213–216. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
"Behavior and Diet". African Wildlife Foundation website. African Wildlife Foundation. 1996. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
Hayward, M. W. (2006). "Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 270 (4): 606–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2011.
Schaller, p. 272. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 273–74. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
O'Brien, S. J.; Wildt, D. E.; Bush, M. (1986). "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril" (PDF). Scientific American. 254 (5): 68–76. Bibcode:1986SciAm.254e..84O. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0586-84. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2011.
Laurenson, M. K. (1994). "High juvenile mortality in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and its consequences for maternal care" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 234 (3): 387–408. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04855.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2017.
Schaller, p. 293. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 188. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 29. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 174. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 142. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 137. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 143. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 147-49. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 44. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 183. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 188–189. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 189–190. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 184. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Nkwame, V. M. (9 September 2006). "King of the jungle in jeopardy". The Arusha Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
Schaller, p. 85. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 85–88. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 88–91. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 103–117. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 95. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, p. 116. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Schaller, pp. 103–113. Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-73639-6. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Eklund, R.; Peters, G.; Ananthakrishnan, G.; Mabiza, E. (2011). "An acoustic analysis of lion roars. I: Data collection and spectrogram and waveform analyses" (PDF). Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report. 51: 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.
Ananthakrishnan, G.; Eklund, R.; Peters, G.; Mabiza, E. (2011). "An acoustic analysis of lion roars. II: Vocal tract characteristics" (PDF). Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report. 51: 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2011.
Angelici, F. M.; Rossi, L. (2017). "Further lion, Panthera leo senegalensis Meyer, 1826, sightings in Mole National Park, Ghana, and possible first serval Leptailurus serval Schreber, 1776 record after 39 years (Mammalia Felidae)" (PDF). Biodiversity Journal. 8 (2): 749–752. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
Wong, S. (2016). "Hidden population of up to 200 lions found in remote Ethiopia". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
"Lions rediscovered in Ethiopia's Alatash National Park". BBC News. 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa (PDF). Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 September 2015.
IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion Panthera leo in Eastern and Southern Africa (PDF). Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2015.
Kaushik, H. (2017). "Lion population roars to 650 in Gujarat forests". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Shapiro, B.; Nijman, V. (2007). "Using ancient DNA techniques to identify the origin of unprovenanced museum specimens, as illustrated by the identification of a 19th century lion from Amsterdam". Contributions to Zoology. 76 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1163/18759866-07602002. S2CID 2131247. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
O'Brien, S. J.; Joslin, P.; Smith, G. L. III; Wolfe, R.; Schaffer, N.; Heath, E.; Ott-Joslin, J.; Rawal, P. P.; Bhattacharjee, K. K.; Martenson, J. S. (1987). "Evidence for African origins of founders of the Asiatic lion Species Survival Plan" (PDF). Zoo Biology. 6 (2): 99–116. doi:10.1002/zoo.1430060202. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
Dollinger, P.; Geser, S. "Lion: In the Zoo (subpage)". Visit the Zoo. WAZA (World Association of Zoos and Aquariums). Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
Aguiar, E. (2007). "Honolulu zoo's old lion roars no more". Honolulu Advertiser. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
Lum, C. (2007). "Zoo puts end to 2 lions' suffering". Honolulu Advertiser. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, pp. 19–21, 42. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, p. 20. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Owen, J. (2005). "Medieval Lion Skulls Reveal Secrets of Tower of London "Zoo"". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 5 November 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, p. 187. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Jackson, pp. 156–159. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 142. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 166. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Baratay & Hardouin-Fugier, p. 113. Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. (2002). Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-111-2. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
Capecchi, Christina; Rogers, Katie (30 July 2015). "Killer of Cecil the lion finds out that he is a target now, of internet vigilantism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
Jackson, p. 133. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 100. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, p. 119. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 107–108, 111. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 109, 115. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 113, 119–122, 124. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
Jackson, pp. 7, 96, 99, 103–105, 128, 135, 150, 197. Jackson, D. (2010). Lion. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1861896551. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Salis, Alexander T.; Bray, Sarah C. E.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A.; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C. Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei (December 2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. Bibcode:2022MolEc..31.6407S. doi:10.1111/mec.16267. hdl:11343/299180. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 34748674.

worktribe.com

rvc-repository.worktribe.com

Wilson, A. M.; Hubel, T. Y.; Wilshin, S. D.; Lowe, J. C.; Lorenc, M.; Dewhirst, O. P.; Bartlam-Brooks, H. L.; Diack, R.; Bennitt, E.; Golabek, K. A.; Woledge, R. C. (2018). "Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala" (PDF). Nature. 554 (7691): 183–188. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..183W. doi:10.1038/nature25479. PMID 29364874. S2CID 4405091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Panthera leo". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Salis, Alexander T.; Bray, Sarah C. E.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A.; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C. Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei (December 2022). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". Molecular Ecology. 31 (24): 6407–6421. Bibcode:2022MolEc..31.6407S. doi:10.1111/mec.16267. hdl:11343/299180. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 34748674.
Crandall, L. S. (1964). The management of wild animals in captivity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 557916.
Yeoman, Guy Henry; Walker, Jane Brotherton (1967). The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. London: Commonwealth Institute of Entomology. OCLC 955970.

zbs.bialowieza.pl

Hayward, M. W.; Kerley, G. I. H. (2005). "Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 267 (3): 309–322. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.611.8271. doi:10.1017/S0952836905007508. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2015.
Hayward, M. W. (2006). "Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and degree of dietary overlap with the lion (Panthera leo)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 270 (4): 606–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00183.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2011.

zenodo.org

Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
Pocock, R. I. (1898). "Lion-Tiger Hybrid". Nature. 58 (1496): 200. Bibcode:1898Natur..58Q.200P. doi:10.1038/058200b0. S2CID 4056029. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2019.

zin.ru

Barnett, R.; Shapiro, B.; Barnes, I.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Burger, J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Higham, T. F. G.; Wheeler, H. T.; Rosendahl, W.; Sher, A. V.; Sotnikova, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Baryshnikov, G. F.; Martin, L. D.; Harington, C. R.; Burns, J. A.; Cooper, A. (2009). "Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity" (PDF). Molecular Ecology. 18 (8): 1668–1677. Bibcode:2009MolEc..18.1668B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x. PMID 19302360. S2CID 46716748. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.