Liquid crystal (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Liquid crystal" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

72doi.org

2^nd place

47harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

35semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

26nih.gov

4^th place

18web.archive.org

1^st place

6books.google.com

3^rd place

5arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

3worldcat.org

5^th place

3handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

2espacenet.com

800^th place

676^th place

2archive.org

6^th place

2newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

1biodiversitylibrary.org

387^th place

373^rd place

1kfupm.edu.sa

low place

1aip.org

2,204^th place

1,735^th place

1cwru.edu

low place

1rsc.org

2,020^th place

1,872^nd place

1csupomona.edu

low place

1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1caltech.edu

887^th place

714^th place

1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

1archives-ouvertes.fr

1,031^st place

879^th place

1fu-berlin.de

3,329^th place

4,598^th place

1northwestern.edu

2,302^nd place

1,389^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1physorg.com

6,156^th place

5,640^th place

1uu.nl

2,467^th place

2,049^th place

1crcpress.com

low place

9,832^nd place

1ulb.ac.be

low place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

1acceleratedanalysis.com

low place

1theiet.org

8,663^rd place

5,646^th place

acceleratedanalysis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hot-spot detection techniques for ICs". acceleratedanalysis.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

aip.org (Global: 2,204^th place; English: 1,735^th place)

pubs.aip.org

Williams, Richard (July 15, 1963). "Domains in Liquid Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 39 (2): 384–388. doi:10.1063/1.1734257. ISSN 0021-9606.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de (1974). The physics of liquid crystals. Oxford [Eng.] Clarendon Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-851285-1.
Collings PJ, Hird M (1997). Introduction to Liquid Crystals. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7484-0643-2.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,031^st place; English: 879^th place)

hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr

Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P (October 2001). "Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets" (PDF). Nature. 413 (6855): 504–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..504G. doi:10.1038/35097046. PMID 11586355. S2CID 4416985. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (February 26, 2002). "Hydrodynamics of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 88 (10) 105504. arXiv:cond-mat/0201378. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88j5504T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105504. PMID 11909370. S2CID 38594358.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (May 21, 2003). "Hydrodynamics of domain growth in nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review E. 67 (5) 051705. arXiv:cond-mat/0207322. Bibcode:2003PhRvE..67e1705T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051705. PMID 12786162. S2CID 13796254.
Kivelson SA, Fradkin E, Emery VJ (June 11, 1998). "Electronic liquid-crystal phases of a doped Mott insulator" (PDF). Letters to Nature. Nature. 393 (6685). Macmillan: 550–553. arXiv:cond-mat/9707327. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..550K. doi:10.1038/31177. S2CID 4392009.
Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Lawler MJ, Eisenstein JP, Mackenzie AP (May 4, 2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153–178. arXiv:0910.4166. Bibcode:2010ARCMP...1..153F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925. S2CID 55917078. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
A.D. Chandra & A. Banerjee (2020). "Rapid phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using novel phase masks and optimization of its efficiency using an iterative algorithm". Journal of Modern Optics. 67 (7). Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 67, Issue 7, 18 May 2020: 628–637. arXiv:1811.03297. Bibcode:2020JMOp...67..628C. doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1760954. S2CID 219646821. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2021.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

Reinitzer F (1888). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins". Monatshefte für Chemie. 9 (1): 421–441. doi:10.1007/BF01516710. S2CID 97166902. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2021.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Sluckin TJ, Dunmur DA, Stegemeyer H (2004). Crystals That Flow – classic papers from the history of liquid crystals. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-25789-3.
Collyer AA (2012). Liquid Crystal Polymers: From Structures to Applications. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 21. ISBN 978-94-011-1870-5. The names pyramidic or bowlic were proposed, but eventually it was decided to adopt the name conic.
Chandrasekhar S (1992). Liquid Crystals (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-41747-1.^{[permanent dead link]}
Dierking I (2003). Textures of Liquid Crystals. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-30725-8.
Vertogen, Ger; Jeu, Wim H. de (December 6, 2012). Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Fundamentals. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 978-3-642-83133-1. OCLC 851375789. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
Ciofani G, Menciassi A (2012). Piezoelectric Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-28044-3.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Lawler MJ, Eisenstein JP, Mackenzie AP (May 4, 2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153–178. arXiv:0910.4166. Bibcode:2010ARCMP...1..153F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925. S2CID 55917078. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2022.

crcpress.com (Global: low place; English: 9,832^nd place)

Oswald P, Pieranski P (2005). Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Concepts and Physical Properties Illustrated by Experiments. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-415-32140-2. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.

csupomona.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rego JA, Harvey JA, MacKinnon AL, Gatdula E (January 2010). "Asymmetric synthesis of a highly soluble 'trimeric' analogue of the chiral nematic liquid crystal twist agent Merck S1011" (PDF). Liquid Crystals. 37 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/02678290903359291. S2CID 95102727. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2012.

cwru.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

plc.cwru.edu

"Chemical Properties of Liquid Crystals". Case Western Reserve University. Archived from the original on November 25, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2013.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bawden, F. C.; Pirie, N. W.; Bernal, J. D.; Fankuchen, I. (December 1, 1936). "Liquid Crystalline Substances from Virus-infected Plants". Nature. 138: 1051–1052. doi:10.1038/1381051a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
Reinitzer F (1888). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins". Monatshefte für Chemie. 9 (1): 421–441. doi:10.1007/BF01516710. S2CID 97166902. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Lehmann O (1889). "Über fliessende Krystalle". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. 4: 462–72. doi:10.1515/zpch-1889-0434. S2CID 92908969.
Stegemeyer H (1994). "Professor Horst Sackmann, 1921 – 1993". Liquid Crystals Today. 4: 1–2. doi:10.1080/13583149408628630.
Williams, Richard (July 15, 1963). "Domains in Liquid Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 39 (2): 384–388. doi:10.1063/1.1734257. ISSN 0021-9606.
Heilmeier GH, Zanoni LA, Barton LA (1968). "Dynamic Scattering in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Applied Physics Letters. 13 (1): 46–47. Bibcode:1968ApPhL..13...46H. doi:10.1063/1.1652453.
Kelker H, Scheurle B (1969). "A Liquid-crystalline (Nematic) Phase with a Particularly Low Solidification Point". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8 (11): 884. doi:10.1002/anie.196908841.
Gray GW, Harrison KJ, Nash JA (1973). "New family of nematic liquid crystals for displays". Electronics Letters. 9 (6): 130. Bibcode:1973ElL.....9..130G. doi:10.1049/el:19730096.
Chandrasekhar S, Sadashiva BK, Suresh KA (1977). "Liquid crystals of disc-like molecules". Pramana. 9 (5): 471–480. Bibcode:1977Prama...9..471C. doi:10.1007/bf02846252. S2CID 98207805.
de Gennes PG (1992). "Soft Matter(Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 31 (7): 842–845. doi:10.1002/anie.199208421.
Lam L (1994). "Bowlics". In Shibaev VP, Lam L (eds.). Liquid Crystalline and Mesomorphic Polymers. Partially Ordered Systems. New York: Springer. pp. 324–353. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8333-8_10. ISBN 978-1-4613-8333-8.
Lei L (1987). "Bowlic Liquid Crystals". Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 146 (1): 41–54. Bibcode:1987MCLC..146...41L. doi:10.1080/00268948708071801.
Carroll, Gregory T.; Lee, Kyung Min; McConney, Michael E.; Hall, Harris J. (2023). "Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 11 (6): 2177–2185. doi:10.1039/D2TC04869H. S2CID 256151872. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
Shao Y, Zerda TW (1998). "Phase Transitions of Liquid Crystal PAA in Confined Geometries". Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 102 (18): 3387–3394. doi:10.1021/jp9734437.
Rego JA, Harvey JA, MacKinnon AL, Gatdula E (January 2010). "Asymmetric synthesis of a highly soluble 'trimeric' analogue of the chiral nematic liquid crystal twist agent Merck S1011" (PDF). Liquid Crystals. 37 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/02678290903359291. S2CID 95102727. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2012.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (February 26, 2002). "Hydrodynamics of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 88 (10) 105504. arXiv:cond-mat/0201378. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88j5504T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105504. PMID 11909370. S2CID 38594358.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (May 21, 2003). "Hydrodynamics of domain growth in nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review E. 67 (5) 051705. arXiv:cond-mat/0207322. Bibcode:2003PhRvE..67e1705T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051705. PMID 12786162. S2CID 13796254.
Madsen LA, Dingemans TJ, Nakata M, Samulski ET (April 2004). "Thermotropic biaxial nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review Letters. 92 (14) 145505. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92n5505M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.145505. PMID 15089552.
Kivelson SA, Fradkin E, Emery VJ (June 11, 1998). "Electronic liquid-crystal phases of a doped Mott insulator" (PDF). Letters to Nature. Nature. 393 (6685). Macmillan: 550–553. arXiv:cond-mat/9707327. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..550K. doi:10.1038/31177. S2CID 4392009.
Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Lawler MJ, Eisenstein JP, Mackenzie AP (May 4, 2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153–178. arXiv:0910.4166. Bibcode:2010ARCMP...1..153F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925. S2CID 55917078. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P (October 2001). "Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets" (PDF). Nature. 413 (6855): 504–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..504G. doi:10.1038/35097046. PMID 11586355. S2CID 4416985. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Davidson P, Penisson C, Constantin D, Gabriel JP (June 2018). "Isotropic, nematic, and lamellar phases in colloidal suspensions of nanosheets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (26): 6662–6667. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6662D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1802692115. PMC 6042086. PMID 29891691.
Kopp VI, Fan B, Vithana HK, Genack AZ (November 1998). "Low-threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals". Optics Letters. 23 (21): 1707–9. Bibcode:1998OptL...23.1707K. doi:10.1364/OL.23.001707. PMID 18091891.
Kazem-Rostami M (2019). "Optically active and photoswitchable Tröger's base analogs". New Journal of Chemistry. 43 (20): 7751–7755. doi:10.1039/C9NJ01372E. S2CID 164362391.
Kleinert H, Maki K (1981). "Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals" (PDF). Fortschritte der Physik. 29 (5): 219–259. Bibcode:1981ForPh..29..219K. doi:10.1002/prop.19810290503. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Seideman T (1990). "The liquid-crystalline blue phases" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (6): 659–705. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53..659S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.3141. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/6/001. S2CID 250776819. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Coles HJ, Pivnenko MN (August 2005). "Liquid crystal 'blue phases' with a wide temperature range". Nature. 436 (7053): 997–1000. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..997C. doi:10.1038/nature03932. PMID 16107843. S2CID 4307675.
Yamamoto J, Nishiyama I, Inoue M, Yokoyama H (September 2005). "Optical isotropy and iridescence in a smectic 'blue phase'". Nature. 437 (7058): 525–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..525Y. doi:10.1038/nature04034. PMID 16177785. S2CID 4432184.
Kikuchi H, Yokota M, Hisakado Y, Yang H, Kajiyama T (September 2002). "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases". Nature Materials. 1 (1): 64–8. Bibcode:2002NatMa...1...64K. doi:10.1038/nmat712. PMID 12618852. S2CID 31419926.
Otón E, Yoshida H, Morawiak P, Strzeżysz O, Kula P, Ozaki M, Piecek W (June 2020). "Orientation control of ideal blue phase photonic crystals". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 10148. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010148O. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67083-6. PMC 7311397. PMID 32576875.
Wang L, Huang D, Lam L, Cheng Z (2017). "Bowlics: history, advances and applications". Liquid Crystals Today. 26 (4): 85–111. doi:10.1080/1358314X.2017.1398307. S2CID 126256863.
Liang Q, Liu P, Liu C, Jian X, Hong D, Li Y (2005). "Synthesis and Properties of Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Copolyamides Containing Phthalazinone Moieties and Ether Linkages". Polymer. 46 (16): 6258–6265. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.059.
Martin JD, Keary CL, Thornton TA, Novotnak MP, Knutson JW, Folmer JC (April 2006). "Metallotropic liquid crystals formed by surfactant templating of molten metal halides". Nature Materials. 5 (4): 271–5. Bibcode:2006NatMa...5..271M. doi:10.1038/nmat1610. PMID 16547520. S2CID 35833273.
Tomczyk W, Marzec M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Węgłowska D (2017). "Mesomorphic and physicochemical properties of liquid crystal mixture composed of chiral molecules with perfluorinated terminal chains". Journal of Molecular Structure. 1130: 503–510. Bibcode:2017JMoSt1130..503T. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.039.
Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Gałązka M, Massalska-Arodź M, Bąk A, Chłędowska K, Tomczyk W (December 2014). "Phase Behavior and Dynamics of the Liquid Crystal 4'-butyl-4-(2-methylbutoxy)azoxybenzene (4ABO5*)". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 118 (51): 14982–9. doi:10.1021/jp510584w. PMID 25429851.
Wensink HH, Dunkel J, Heidenreich S, Drescher K, Goldstein RE, Löwen H, Yeomans JM (September 2012). "Meso-scale turbulence in living fluids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (36): 14308–13. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4488S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215368110. PMC 3607014. PMID 22908244.
Saw TB, Doostmohammadi A, Nier V, Kocgozlu L, Thampi S, Toyama Y, et al. (April 2017). "Topological defects in epithelia govern cell death and extrusion". Nature. 544 (7649): 212–216. Bibcode:2017Natur.544..212S. doi:10.1038/nature21718. PMC 5439518. PMID 28406198.
Zocher H (1925). "Uber freiwillige Strukturbildung in Solen. (Eine neue Art anisotrop flqssiger Medien)". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 147: 91. doi:10.1002/zaac.19251470111.
Davidson P, Gabriel JC (2003). "Mineral Liquid Crystals from Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Nanosystems". Top Curr Chem. 226: 119. doi:10.1007/b10827.
Langmuir I (1938). "The role of attractive and repulsive forces in the formation of tactoids, thixotropic gels, protein crystals and coacervates". J Chem Phys. 6 (12): 873. Bibcode:1938JChPh...6..873L. doi:10.1063/1.1750183.
Gabriel JC, Sanchez C, Davidson P (1996). "Observation of Nematic Liquid-Crystal Textures in Aqueous Gels of Smectite Clays". J. Phys. Chem. 100 (26): 11139. doi:10.1021/jp961088z.
Paineau E, Philippe AM, Antonova K, Bihannic I, Davidson P, Dozov I, et al. (2013). "Liquid–crystalline properties of aqueous suspensions of natural clay nanosheets". Liquid Crystals Reviews. 1 (2): 110. doi:10.1080/21680396.2013.842130. S2CID 136533412.
Buka A, Palffy-Muhoray P, Rácz Z (October 1987). "Viscous fingering in liquid crystals". Physical Review A. 36 (8): 3984–3989. Bibcode:1987PhRvA..36.3984B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.36.3984. PMID 9899337.
González-Cinca R, Ramirez-Piscina L, Casademunt J, Hernández-Machado A, Kramer L, Katona TT, et al. (1996). "Phase-field simulations and experiments of faceted growth in liquid crystal". Physica D. 99 (2–3): 359. Bibcode:1996PhyD...99..359G. doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(96)00162-5.
González-Cinca R, Ramırez-Piscina L, Casademunt J, Hernández-Machado A, Tóth-Katona T, Börzsönyi T, Buka Á (1998). "Heat diffusion anisotropy in dendritic growth: phase field simulations and experiments in liquid crystals". Journal of Crystal Growth. 193 (4): 712. Bibcode:1998JCrGr.193..712G. doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(98)00505-3.
Ghosh SK (1984). "A model for the orientational order in liquid crystals". Il Nuovo Cimento D. 4 (3): 229. Bibcode:1984NCimD...4..229G. doi:10.1007/BF02453342. S2CID 121078315.
Onsager L (1949). "The effects of shape on the interaction of colloidal particles". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 51 (4): 627. Bibcode:1949NYASA..51..627O. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27296.x. S2CID 84562683.
Vroege GJ, Lekkerkerker HN (1992). "Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 (8): 1241. Bibcode:1992RPPh...55.1241V. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/55/8/003. hdl:1874/22348. S2CID 250865818.
Maier W, Saupe A (1958). "Eine einfache molekulare theorie des nematischen kristallinflussigen zustandes". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 13 (7): 564. Bibcode:1958ZNatA..13..564M. doi:10.1515/zna-1958-0716. S2CID 93402217.
Maier W, Saupe A (1959). "Eine einfache molekular-statistische theorie der nematischen kristallinflussigen phase .1". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 14 (10): 882. Bibcode:1959ZNatA..14..882M. doi:10.1515/zna-1959-1005. S2CID 201840526.
Maier W, Saupe A (1960). "Eine einfache molekular-statistische theorie der nematischen kristallinflussigen phase .2". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 15 (4): 287. Bibcode:1960ZNatA..15..287M. doi:10.1515/zna-1960-0401. S2CID 97407506.
McMillan W (1971). "Simple Molecular Model for the Smectic A Phase of Liquid Crystals". Phys. Rev. A. 4 (3): 1238. Bibcode:1971PhRvA...4.1238M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.4.1238.
Leslie FM (1992). "Continuum theory for nematic liquid crystals". Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics. 4 (3): 167. Bibcode:1992CMT.....4..167L. doi:10.1007/BF01130288. S2CID 120908851.
Watson MC, Brandt EG, Welch PM, Brown FL (July 2012). "Determining biomembrane bending rigidities from simulations of modest size". Physical Review Letters. 109 (2) 028102. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109b8102W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.028102. PMID 23030207.
Takezoe H (2014). "Historical Overview of Polar Liquid Crystals". Ferroelectrics. 468 (1): 1–17. Bibcode:2014Fer...468....1T. doi:10.1080/00150193.2014.932653. S2CID 120165343.
Barboza R, Bortolozzo U, Assanto G, Vidal-Henriquez E, Clerc MG, Residori S (October 2012). "Vortex induction via anisotropy stabilized light-matter interaction". Physical Review Letters. 109 (14) 143901. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109n3901B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.143901. hdl:10533/136047. PMID 23083241.
Kazem-Rostami M (2017). "photoswitchable liquid crystal design". Synthesis. 49 (6): 1214–1222. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1588913. S2CID 99913657.
Fujikake H, Takizawa K, Aida T, Negishi T, Kobayashi M (1998). "Video camera system using liquid-crystal polarizing filter toreduce reflected light". IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 44 (4): 419. doi:10.1109/11.735903.
Achard MF, Bedel JP, Marcerou JP, Nguyen HT, Rouillon JC (February 2003). "Switching of banana liquid crystal mesophases under field". The European Physical Journal E. 10 (2): 129–34. Bibcode:2003EPJE...10..129A. doi:10.1140/epje/e2003-00016-y. PMID 15011066. S2CID 35942754.
Baus M, Colot JL (November 1989). "Ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal phases of dipolar hard ellipsoids". Physical Review A. 40 (9): 5444–5446. Bibcode:1989PhRvA..40.5444B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5444. PMID 9902823. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
Uehara H, Hatano J (2002). "Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagrams of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71 (2): 509. Bibcode:2002JPSJ...71..509U. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.71.509.
Alkeskjold TT, Scolari L, Noordegraaf D, Lægsgaard J, Weirich J, Wei L, Tartarini G, Bassi P, Gauza S, Wu ST, Bjarklev A (2007). "Integrating liquid crystal based optical devices in photonic crystal". Optical and Quantum Electronics. 39 (12–13): 1009. doi:10.1007/s11082-007-9139-8. S2CID 54208691.
A.D. Chandra & A. Banerjee (2020). "Rapid phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using novel phase masks and optimization of its efficiency using an iterative algorithm". Journal of Modern Optics. 67 (7). Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 67, Issue 7, 18 May 2020: 628–637. arXiv:1811.03297. Bibcode:2020JMOp...67..628C. doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1760954. S2CID 219646821. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
Sato S (1979). "Liquid-Crystal Lens-Cells with Variable Focal Length". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 18 (9): 1679–1684. Bibcode:1979JaJAP..18.1679S. doi:10.1143/JJAP.18.1679. S2CID 119784753.
Lin YH, Wang YJ, Reshetnyak V (2017). "Liquid crystal lenses with tunable focal length". Liquid Crystals Reviews. 5 (2): 111–143. doi:10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256. S2CID 139938136.
Wang, Yu-Jen; Lin, Yi-Hsin; Cakmakci, Ozan; Reshetnyak, Victor (2020). "Phase modulators with tunability in wavefronts and optical axes originating from anisotropic molecular tilts under symmetric electric field II: Experiments". Optics Express. 28 (6): 8985–9001. Bibcode:2020OExpr..28.8985W. doi:10.1364/OE.389647. PMID 32225513. S2CID 214734642.
Dolgaleva K, Wei SK, Lukishova SG, Chen SH, Schwertz K, Boyd RW (2008). "Enhanced laser performance of cholesteric liquid crystals doped with oligofluorene dye". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 25 (9): 1496–1504. Bibcode:2008JOSAB..25.1496D. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.25.001496.
Agarwal, Shikha; Srivastava, Swastik; Joshi, Suraj (2024). "A Comprehensive Review on Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications". ACS Materials Au. doi:10.1021/acsmaterialsau.4c00122.
Luzzati V, Mustacchi H, Skoulios A (1957). "Structure of the Liquid-Crystal Phases of the Soap–water System: Middle Soap and Neat Soap". Nature. 180 (4586): 600. Bibcode:1957Natur.180..600L. doi:10.1038/180600a0. S2CID 4163714.
Silva MC, Sotomayor J, Figueirinhas J (September 2015). "Effect of an additive on the permanent memory effect of polymer dispersed liquid crystal films". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 90 (9): 1565–9. Bibcode:2015JCTB...90.1565S. doi:10.1002/jctb.4677.
da Silva MC, Figueirinhas JL, Sotomayor JC (January 2016). "Improvement of permanent memory effect in PDLC films using TX-100 as an additive". Liquid Crystals. 43 (1): 124–30. doi:10.1080/02678292.2015.1061713. S2CID 101996816.
Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (August 19, 2022). "Computer made from liquid crystals would ripple with calculations". Science Advances. 8 (33) eabp8371. New Scientist. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp8371. hdl:1721.1/145669. PMC 9390992. PMID 35984880. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 3540796, Goldmacher JE, Castellano JA, "Electro-optical Compositions and Devices", issued November 17, 1970, assigned to RCA Corp
US 4738549, Plimpton RG, "Pool thermometer", issued April 19, 1988

fu-berlin.de (Global: 3,329^th place; English: 4,598^th place)

physik.fu-berlin.de

Kleinert H, Maki K (1981). "Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals" (PDF). Fortschritte der Physik. 29 (5): 219–259. Bibcode:1981ForPh..29..219K. doi:10.1002/prop.19810290503. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2011.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Vroege GJ, Lekkerkerker HN (1992). "Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 (8): 1241. Bibcode:1992RPPh...55.1241V. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/55/8/003. hdl:1874/22348. S2CID 250865818.
Barboza R, Bortolozzo U, Assanto G, Vidal-Henriquez E, Clerc MG, Residori S (October 2012). "Vortex induction via anisotropy stabilized light-matter interaction". Physical Review Letters. 109 (14) 143901. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109n3901B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.143901. hdl:10533/136047. PMID 23083241.
Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (August 19, 2022). "Computer made from liquid crystals would ripple with calculations". Science Advances. 8 (33) eabp8371. New Scientist. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp8371. hdl:1721.1/145669. PMC 9390992. PMID 35984880. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bawden, F. C.; Pirie, N. W.; Bernal, J. D.; Fankuchen, I. (December 1, 1936). "Liquid Crystalline Substances from Virus-infected Plants". Nature. 138: 1051–1052. doi:10.1038/1381051a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
Heilmeier GH, Zanoni LA, Barton LA (1968). "Dynamic Scattering in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Applied Physics Letters. 13 (1): 46–47. Bibcode:1968ApPhL..13...46H. doi:10.1063/1.1652453.
Gray GW, Harrison KJ, Nash JA (1973). "New family of nematic liquid crystals for displays". Electronics Letters. 9 (6): 130. Bibcode:1973ElL.....9..130G. doi:10.1049/el:19730096.
Chandrasekhar S, Sadashiva BK, Suresh KA (1977). "Liquid crystals of disc-like molecules". Pramana. 9 (5): 471–480. Bibcode:1977Prama...9..471C. doi:10.1007/bf02846252. S2CID 98207805.
Lei L (1987). "Bowlic Liquid Crystals". Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 146 (1): 41–54. Bibcode:1987MCLC..146...41L. doi:10.1080/00268948708071801.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (February 26, 2002). "Hydrodynamics of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 88 (10) 105504. arXiv:cond-mat/0201378. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88j5504T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105504. PMID 11909370. S2CID 38594358.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (May 21, 2003). "Hydrodynamics of domain growth in nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review E. 67 (5) 051705. arXiv:cond-mat/0207322. Bibcode:2003PhRvE..67e1705T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051705. PMID 12786162. S2CID 13796254.
Madsen LA, Dingemans TJ, Nakata M, Samulski ET (April 2004). "Thermotropic biaxial nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review Letters. 92 (14) 145505. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92n5505M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.145505. PMID 15089552.
Kivelson SA, Fradkin E, Emery VJ (June 11, 1998). "Electronic liquid-crystal phases of a doped Mott insulator" (PDF). Letters to Nature. Nature. 393 (6685). Macmillan: 550–553. arXiv:cond-mat/9707327. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..550K. doi:10.1038/31177. S2CID 4392009.
Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Lawler MJ, Eisenstein JP, Mackenzie AP (May 4, 2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153–178. arXiv:0910.4166. Bibcode:2010ARCMP...1..153F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925. S2CID 55917078. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P (October 2001). "Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets" (PDF). Nature. 413 (6855): 504–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..504G. doi:10.1038/35097046. PMID 11586355. S2CID 4416985. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Davidson P, Penisson C, Constantin D, Gabriel JP (June 2018). "Isotropic, nematic, and lamellar phases in colloidal suspensions of nanosheets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (26): 6662–6667. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6662D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1802692115. PMC 6042086. PMID 29891691.
Kopp VI, Fan B, Vithana HK, Genack AZ (November 1998). "Low-threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals". Optics Letters. 23 (21): 1707–9. Bibcode:1998OptL...23.1707K. doi:10.1364/OL.23.001707. PMID 18091891.
Kleinert H, Maki K (1981). "Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals" (PDF). Fortschritte der Physik. 29 (5): 219–259. Bibcode:1981ForPh..29..219K. doi:10.1002/prop.19810290503. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Seideman T (1990). "The liquid-crystalline blue phases" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (6): 659–705. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53..659S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.3141. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/6/001. S2CID 250776819. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Coles HJ, Pivnenko MN (August 2005). "Liquid crystal 'blue phases' with a wide temperature range". Nature. 436 (7053): 997–1000. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..997C. doi:10.1038/nature03932. PMID 16107843. S2CID 4307675.
Yamamoto J, Nishiyama I, Inoue M, Yokoyama H (September 2005). "Optical isotropy and iridescence in a smectic 'blue phase'". Nature. 437 (7058): 525–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..525Y. doi:10.1038/nature04034. PMID 16177785. S2CID 4432184.
Kikuchi H, Yokota M, Hisakado Y, Yang H, Kajiyama T (September 2002). "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases". Nature Materials. 1 (1): 64–8. Bibcode:2002NatMa...1...64K. doi:10.1038/nmat712. PMID 12618852. S2CID 31419926.
Otón E, Yoshida H, Morawiak P, Strzeżysz O, Kula P, Ozaki M, Piecek W (June 2020). "Orientation control of ideal blue phase photonic crystals". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 10148. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010148O. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67083-6. PMC 7311397. PMID 32576875.
Martin JD, Keary CL, Thornton TA, Novotnak MP, Knutson JW, Folmer JC (April 2006). "Metallotropic liquid crystals formed by surfactant templating of molten metal halides". Nature Materials. 5 (4): 271–5. Bibcode:2006NatMa...5..271M. doi:10.1038/nmat1610. PMID 16547520. S2CID 35833273.
Tomczyk W, Marzec M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Węgłowska D (2017). "Mesomorphic and physicochemical properties of liquid crystal mixture composed of chiral molecules with perfluorinated terminal chains". Journal of Molecular Structure. 1130: 503–510. Bibcode:2017JMoSt1130..503T. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.039.
Wensink HH, Dunkel J, Heidenreich S, Drescher K, Goldstein RE, Löwen H, Yeomans JM (September 2012). "Meso-scale turbulence in living fluids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (36): 14308–13. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4488S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215368110. PMC 3607014. PMID 22908244.
Saw TB, Doostmohammadi A, Nier V, Kocgozlu L, Thampi S, Toyama Y, et al. (April 2017). "Topological defects in epithelia govern cell death and extrusion". Nature. 544 (7649): 212–216. Bibcode:2017Natur.544..212S. doi:10.1038/nature21718. PMC 5439518. PMID 28406198.
Langmuir I (1938). "The role of attractive and repulsive forces in the formation of tactoids, thixotropic gels, protein crystals and coacervates". J Chem Phys. 6 (12): 873. Bibcode:1938JChPh...6..873L. doi:10.1063/1.1750183.
Buka A, Palffy-Muhoray P, Rácz Z (October 1987). "Viscous fingering in liquid crystals". Physical Review A. 36 (8): 3984–3989. Bibcode:1987PhRvA..36.3984B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.36.3984. PMID 9899337.
González-Cinca R, Ramirez-Piscina L, Casademunt J, Hernández-Machado A, Kramer L, Katona TT, et al. (1996). "Phase-field simulations and experiments of faceted growth in liquid crystal". Physica D. 99 (2–3): 359. Bibcode:1996PhyD...99..359G. doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(96)00162-5.
González-Cinca R, Ramırez-Piscina L, Casademunt J, Hernández-Machado A, Tóth-Katona T, Börzsönyi T, Buka Á (1998). "Heat diffusion anisotropy in dendritic growth: phase field simulations and experiments in liquid crystals". Journal of Crystal Growth. 193 (4): 712. Bibcode:1998JCrGr.193..712G. doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(98)00505-3.
Ghosh SK (1984). "A model for the orientational order in liquid crystals". Il Nuovo Cimento D. 4 (3): 229. Bibcode:1984NCimD...4..229G. doi:10.1007/BF02453342. S2CID 121078315.
Onsager L (1949). "The effects of shape on the interaction of colloidal particles". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 51 (4): 627. Bibcode:1949NYASA..51..627O. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27296.x. S2CID 84562683.
Vroege GJ, Lekkerkerker HN (1992). "Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 (8): 1241. Bibcode:1992RPPh...55.1241V. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/55/8/003. hdl:1874/22348. S2CID 250865818.
Maier W, Saupe A (1958). "Eine einfache molekulare theorie des nematischen kristallinflussigen zustandes". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 13 (7): 564. Bibcode:1958ZNatA..13..564M. doi:10.1515/zna-1958-0716. S2CID 93402217.
Maier W, Saupe A (1959). "Eine einfache molekular-statistische theorie der nematischen kristallinflussigen phase .1". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 14 (10): 882. Bibcode:1959ZNatA..14..882M. doi:10.1515/zna-1959-1005. S2CID 201840526.
Maier W, Saupe A (1960). "Eine einfache molekular-statistische theorie der nematischen kristallinflussigen phase .2". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 15 (4): 287. Bibcode:1960ZNatA..15..287M. doi:10.1515/zna-1960-0401. S2CID 97407506.
McMillan W (1971). "Simple Molecular Model for the Smectic A Phase of Liquid Crystals". Phys. Rev. A. 4 (3): 1238. Bibcode:1971PhRvA...4.1238M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.4.1238.
Leslie FM (1992). "Continuum theory for nematic liquid crystals". Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics. 4 (3): 167. Bibcode:1992CMT.....4..167L. doi:10.1007/BF01130288. S2CID 120908851.
Watson MC, Brandt EG, Welch PM, Brown FL (July 2012). "Determining biomembrane bending rigidities from simulations of modest size". Physical Review Letters. 109 (2) 028102. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109b8102W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.028102. PMID 23030207.
Takezoe H (2014). "Historical Overview of Polar Liquid Crystals". Ferroelectrics. 468 (1): 1–17. Bibcode:2014Fer...468....1T. doi:10.1080/00150193.2014.932653. S2CID 120165343.
Barboza R, Bortolozzo U, Assanto G, Vidal-Henriquez E, Clerc MG, Residori S (October 2012). "Vortex induction via anisotropy stabilized light-matter interaction". Physical Review Letters. 109 (14) 143901. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109n3901B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.143901. hdl:10533/136047. PMID 23083241.
Achard MF, Bedel JP, Marcerou JP, Nguyen HT, Rouillon JC (February 2003). "Switching of banana liquid crystal mesophases under field". The European Physical Journal E. 10 (2): 129–34. Bibcode:2003EPJE...10..129A. doi:10.1140/epje/e2003-00016-y. PMID 15011066. S2CID 35942754.
Baus M, Colot JL (November 1989). "Ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal phases of dipolar hard ellipsoids". Physical Review A. 40 (9): 5444–5446. Bibcode:1989PhRvA..40.5444B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5444. PMID 9902823. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
Uehara H, Hatano J (2002). "Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagrams of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71 (2): 509. Bibcode:2002JPSJ...71..509U. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.71.509.
A.D. Chandra & A. Banerjee (2020). "Rapid phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using novel phase masks and optimization of its efficiency using an iterative algorithm". Journal of Modern Optics. 67 (7). Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 67, Issue 7, 18 May 2020: 628–637. arXiv:1811.03297. Bibcode:2020JMOp...67..628C. doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1760954. S2CID 219646821. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
Sato S (1979). "Liquid-Crystal Lens-Cells with Variable Focal Length". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 18 (9): 1679–1684. Bibcode:1979JaJAP..18.1679S. doi:10.1143/JJAP.18.1679. S2CID 119784753.
Wang, Yu-Jen; Lin, Yi-Hsin; Cakmakci, Ozan; Reshetnyak, Victor (2020). "Phase modulators with tunability in wavefronts and optical axes originating from anisotropic molecular tilts under symmetric electric field II: Experiments". Optics Express. 28 (6): 8985–9001. Bibcode:2020OExpr..28.8985W. doi:10.1364/OE.389647. PMID 32225513. S2CID 214734642.
Dolgaleva K, Wei SK, Lukishova SG, Chen SH, Schwertz K, Boyd RW (2008). "Enhanced laser performance of cholesteric liquid crystals doped with oligofluorene dye". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 25 (9): 1496–1504. Bibcode:2008JOSAB..25.1496D. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.25.001496.
Luzzati V, Mustacchi H, Skoulios A (1957). "Structure of the Liquid-Crystal Phases of the Soap–water System: Middle Soap and Neat Soap". Nature. 180 (4586): 600. Bibcode:1957Natur.180..600L. doi:10.1038/180600a0. S2CID 4163714.
Silva MC, Sotomayor J, Figueirinhas J (September 2015). "Effect of an additive on the permanent memory effect of polymer dispersed liquid crystal films". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 90 (9): 1565–9. Bibcode:2015JCTB...90.1565S. doi:10.1002/jctb.4677.

kfupm.edu.sa (Global: low place; English: low place)

www1.kfupm.edu.sa

"Liquid Crystals". King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"smectic". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

Kivelson SA, Fradkin E, Emery VJ (June 11, 1998). "Electronic liquid-crystal phases of a doped Mott insulator" (PDF). Letters to Nature. Nature. 393 (6685). Macmillan: 550–553. arXiv:cond-mat/9707327. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..550K. doi:10.1038/31177. S2CID 4392009.

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

Templer, Richard; Seddon, John (May 18, 1991). "The World of Liquid Crystals". New Scientist. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2023. You might be surprised to find out that cell membranes are liquid crystals. In fact, the first recorded observations of the liquid crystalline phase were of myelin, the material that coats nerve fibres.
Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (August 19, 2022). "Computer made from liquid crystals would ripple with calculations". Science Advances. 8 (33) eabp8371. New Scientist. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp8371. hdl:1721.1/145669. PMC 9390992. PMID 35984880. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (February 26, 2002). "Hydrodynamics of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 88 (10) 105504. arXiv:cond-mat/0201378. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88j5504T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105504. PMID 11909370. S2CID 38594358.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (May 21, 2003). "Hydrodynamics of domain growth in nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review E. 67 (5) 051705. arXiv:cond-mat/0207322. Bibcode:2003PhRvE..67e1705T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051705. PMID 12786162. S2CID 13796254.
Madsen LA, Dingemans TJ, Nakata M, Samulski ET (April 2004). "Thermotropic biaxial nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review Letters. 92 (14) 145505. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92n5505M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.145505. PMID 15089552.
Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P (October 2001). "Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets" (PDF). Nature. 413 (6855): 504–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..504G. doi:10.1038/35097046. PMID 11586355. S2CID 4416985. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Davidson P, Penisson C, Constantin D, Gabriel JP (June 2018). "Isotropic, nematic, and lamellar phases in colloidal suspensions of nanosheets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (26): 6662–6667. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6662D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1802692115. PMC 6042086. PMID 29891691.
Kopp VI, Fan B, Vithana HK, Genack AZ (November 1998). "Low-threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals". Optics Letters. 23 (21): 1707–9. Bibcode:1998OptL...23.1707K. doi:10.1364/OL.23.001707. PMID 18091891.
Coles HJ, Pivnenko MN (August 2005). "Liquid crystal 'blue phases' with a wide temperature range". Nature. 436 (7053): 997–1000. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..997C. doi:10.1038/nature03932. PMID 16107843. S2CID 4307675.
Yamamoto J, Nishiyama I, Inoue M, Yokoyama H (September 2005). "Optical isotropy and iridescence in a smectic 'blue phase'". Nature. 437 (7058): 525–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..525Y. doi:10.1038/nature04034. PMID 16177785. S2CID 4432184.
Kikuchi H, Yokota M, Hisakado Y, Yang H, Kajiyama T (September 2002). "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases". Nature Materials. 1 (1): 64–8. Bibcode:2002NatMa...1...64K. doi:10.1038/nmat712. PMID 12618852. S2CID 31419926.
Otón E, Yoshida H, Morawiak P, Strzeżysz O, Kula P, Ozaki M, Piecek W (June 2020). "Orientation control of ideal blue phase photonic crystals". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 10148. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010148O. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67083-6. PMC 7311397. PMID 32576875.
Martin JD, Keary CL, Thornton TA, Novotnak MP, Knutson JW, Folmer JC (April 2006). "Metallotropic liquid crystals formed by surfactant templating of molten metal halides". Nature Materials. 5 (4): 271–5. Bibcode:2006NatMa...5..271M. doi:10.1038/nmat1610. PMID 16547520. S2CID 35833273.
Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Gałązka M, Massalska-Arodź M, Bąk A, Chłędowska K, Tomczyk W (December 2014). "Phase Behavior and Dynamics of the Liquid Crystal 4'-butyl-4-(2-methylbutoxy)azoxybenzene (4ABO5*)". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 118 (51): 14982–9. doi:10.1021/jp510584w. PMID 25429851.
Wensink HH, Dunkel J, Heidenreich S, Drescher K, Goldstein RE, Löwen H, Yeomans JM (September 2012). "Meso-scale turbulence in living fluids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (36): 14308–13. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4488S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215368110. PMC 3607014. PMID 22908244.
Saw TB, Doostmohammadi A, Nier V, Kocgozlu L, Thampi S, Toyama Y, et al. (April 2017). "Topological defects in epithelia govern cell death and extrusion". Nature. 544 (7649): 212–216. Bibcode:2017Natur.544..212S. doi:10.1038/nature21718. PMC 5439518. PMID 28406198.
Buka A, Palffy-Muhoray P, Rácz Z (October 1987). "Viscous fingering in liquid crystals". Physical Review A. 36 (8): 3984–3989. Bibcode:1987PhRvA..36.3984B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.36.3984. PMID 9899337.
Watson MC, Brandt EG, Welch PM, Brown FL (July 2012). "Determining biomembrane bending rigidities from simulations of modest size". Physical Review Letters. 109 (2) 028102. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109b8102W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.028102. PMID 23030207.
Barboza R, Bortolozzo U, Assanto G, Vidal-Henriquez E, Clerc MG, Residori S (October 2012). "Vortex induction via anisotropy stabilized light-matter interaction". Physical Review Letters. 109 (14) 143901. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109n3901B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.143901. hdl:10533/136047. PMID 23083241.
Achard MF, Bedel JP, Marcerou JP, Nguyen HT, Rouillon JC (February 2003). "Switching of banana liquid crystal mesophases under field". The European Physical Journal E. 10 (2): 129–34. Bibcode:2003EPJE...10..129A. doi:10.1140/epje/e2003-00016-y. PMID 15011066. S2CID 35942754.
Baus M, Colot JL (November 1989). "Ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal phases of dipolar hard ellipsoids". Physical Review A. 40 (9): 5444–5446. Bibcode:1989PhRvA..40.5444B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5444. PMID 9902823. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
Wang, Yu-Jen; Lin, Yi-Hsin; Cakmakci, Ozan; Reshetnyak, Victor (2020). "Phase modulators with tunability in wavefronts and optical axes originating from anisotropic molecular tilts under symmetric electric field II: Experiments". Optics Express. 28 (6): 8985–9001. Bibcode:2020OExpr..28.8985W. doi:10.1364/OE.389647. PMID 32225513. S2CID 214734642.
Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (August 19, 2022). "Computer made from liquid crystals would ripple with calculations". Science Advances. 8 (33) eabp8371. New Scientist. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp8371. hdl:1721.1/145669. PMC 9390992. PMID 35984880. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Davidson P, Penisson C, Constantin D, Gabriel JP (June 2018). "Isotropic, nematic, and lamellar phases in colloidal suspensions of nanosheets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (26): 6662–6667. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.6662D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1802692115. PMC 6042086. PMID 29891691.
Otón E, Yoshida H, Morawiak P, Strzeżysz O, Kula P, Ozaki M, Piecek W (June 2020). "Orientation control of ideal blue phase photonic crystals". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 10148. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1010148O. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67083-6. PMC 7311397. PMID 32576875.
Wensink HH, Dunkel J, Heidenreich S, Drescher K, Goldstein RE, Löwen H, Yeomans JM (September 2012). "Meso-scale turbulence in living fluids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (36): 14308–13. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4488S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215368110. PMC 3607014. PMID 22908244.
Saw TB, Doostmohammadi A, Nier V, Kocgozlu L, Thampi S, Toyama Y, et al. (April 2017). "Topological defects in epithelia govern cell death and extrusion". Nature. 544 (7649): 212–216. Bibcode:2017Natur.544..212S. doi:10.1038/nature21718. PMC 5439518. PMID 28406198.
Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (August 19, 2022). "Computer made from liquid crystals would ripple with calculations". Science Advances. 8 (33) eabp8371. New Scientist. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp8371. hdl:1721.1/145669. PMC 9390992. PMID 35984880. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,302^nd place; English: 1,389^th place)

chemgroups.northwestern.edu

Seideman T (1990). "The liquid-crystalline blue phases" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (6): 659–705. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53..659S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.3141. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/6/001. S2CID 250776819. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.

physorg.com (Global: 6,156^th place; English: 5,640^th place)

"Samsung Develops World's First 'Blue Phase' Technology to Achieve 240 Hz Driving Speed for High-Speed Video". Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2009.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Seideman T (1990). "The liquid-crystalline blue phases" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (6): 659–705. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53..659S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.3141. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/6/001. S2CID 250776819. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.

rsc.org (Global: 2,020^th place; English: 1,872^nd place)

pubs.rsc.org

Carroll, Gregory T.; Lee, Kyung Min; McConney, Michael E.; Hall, Harris J. (2023). "Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 11 (6): 2177–2185. doi:10.1039/D2TC04869H. S2CID 256151872. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Reinitzer F (1888). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins". Monatshefte für Chemie. 9 (1): 421–441. doi:10.1007/BF01516710. S2CID 97166902. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Lehmann O (1889). "Über fliessende Krystalle". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. 4: 462–72. doi:10.1515/zpch-1889-0434. S2CID 92908969.
Chandrasekhar S, Sadashiva BK, Suresh KA (1977). "Liquid crystals of disc-like molecules". Pramana. 9 (5): 471–480. Bibcode:1977Prama...9..471C. doi:10.1007/bf02846252. S2CID 98207805.
Carroll, Gregory T.; Lee, Kyung Min; McConney, Michael E.; Hall, Harris J. (2023). "Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 11 (6): 2177–2185. doi:10.1039/D2TC04869H. S2CID 256151872. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
Rego JA, Harvey JA, MacKinnon AL, Gatdula E (January 2010). "Asymmetric synthesis of a highly soluble 'trimeric' analogue of the chiral nematic liquid crystal twist agent Merck S1011" (PDF). Liquid Crystals. 37 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/02678290903359291. S2CID 95102727. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2012.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (February 26, 2002). "Hydrodynamics of Topological Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 88 (10) 105504. arXiv:cond-mat/0201378. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88j5504T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.105504. PMID 11909370. S2CID 38594358.
Géza T, Denniston C, Yeomans JM (May 21, 2003). "Hydrodynamics of domain growth in nematic liquid crystals". Physical Review E. 67 (5) 051705. arXiv:cond-mat/0207322. Bibcode:2003PhRvE..67e1705T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051705. PMID 12786162. S2CID 13796254.
Kivelson SA, Fradkin E, Emery VJ (June 11, 1998). "Electronic liquid-crystal phases of a doped Mott insulator" (PDF). Letters to Nature. Nature. 393 (6685). Macmillan: 550–553. arXiv:cond-mat/9707327. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..550K. doi:10.1038/31177. S2CID 4392009.
Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Lawler MJ, Eisenstein JP, Mackenzie AP (May 4, 2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153–178. arXiv:0910.4166. Bibcode:2010ARCMP...1..153F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925. S2CID 55917078. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P (October 2001). "Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets" (PDF). Nature. 413 (6855): 504–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..504G. doi:10.1038/35097046. PMID 11586355. S2CID 4416985. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Kazem-Rostami M (2019). "Optically active and photoswitchable Tröger's base analogs". New Journal of Chemistry. 43 (20): 7751–7755. doi:10.1039/C9NJ01372E. S2CID 164362391.
Seideman T (1990). "The liquid-crystalline blue phases" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (6): 659–705. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53..659S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.3141. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/6/001. S2CID 250776819. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Coles HJ, Pivnenko MN (August 2005). "Liquid crystal 'blue phases' with a wide temperature range". Nature. 436 (7053): 997–1000. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..997C. doi:10.1038/nature03932. PMID 16107843. S2CID 4307675.
Yamamoto J, Nishiyama I, Inoue M, Yokoyama H (September 2005). "Optical isotropy and iridescence in a smectic 'blue phase'". Nature. 437 (7058): 525–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..525Y. doi:10.1038/nature04034. PMID 16177785. S2CID 4432184.
Kikuchi H, Yokota M, Hisakado Y, Yang H, Kajiyama T (September 2002). "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases". Nature Materials. 1 (1): 64–8. Bibcode:2002NatMa...1...64K. doi:10.1038/nmat712. PMID 12618852. S2CID 31419926.
Wang L, Huang D, Lam L, Cheng Z (2017). "Bowlics: history, advances and applications". Liquid Crystals Today. 26 (4): 85–111. doi:10.1080/1358314X.2017.1398307. S2CID 126256863.
Martin JD, Keary CL, Thornton TA, Novotnak MP, Knutson JW, Folmer JC (April 2006). "Metallotropic liquid crystals formed by surfactant templating of molten metal halides". Nature Materials. 5 (4): 271–5. Bibcode:2006NatMa...5..271M. doi:10.1038/nmat1610. PMID 16547520. S2CID 35833273.
Paineau E, Philippe AM, Antonova K, Bihannic I, Davidson P, Dozov I, et al. (2013). "Liquid–crystalline properties of aqueous suspensions of natural clay nanosheets". Liquid Crystals Reviews. 1 (2): 110. doi:10.1080/21680396.2013.842130. S2CID 136533412.
Ghosh SK (1984). "A model for the orientational order in liquid crystals". Il Nuovo Cimento D. 4 (3): 229. Bibcode:1984NCimD...4..229G. doi:10.1007/BF02453342. S2CID 121078315.
Onsager L (1949). "The effects of shape on the interaction of colloidal particles". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 51 (4): 627. Bibcode:1949NYASA..51..627O. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27296.x. S2CID 84562683.
Vroege GJ, Lekkerkerker HN (1992). "Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 (8): 1241. Bibcode:1992RPPh...55.1241V. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/55/8/003. hdl:1874/22348. S2CID 250865818.
Maier W, Saupe A (1958). "Eine einfache molekulare theorie des nematischen kristallinflussigen zustandes". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 13 (7): 564. Bibcode:1958ZNatA..13..564M. doi:10.1515/zna-1958-0716. S2CID 93402217.
Maier W, Saupe A (1959). "Eine einfache molekular-statistische theorie der nematischen kristallinflussigen phase .1". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 14 (10): 882. Bibcode:1959ZNatA..14..882M. doi:10.1515/zna-1959-1005. S2CID 201840526.
Maier W, Saupe A (1960). "Eine einfache molekular-statistische theorie der nematischen kristallinflussigen phase .2". Z. Naturforsch. A (in German). 15 (4): 287. Bibcode:1960ZNatA..15..287M. doi:10.1515/zna-1960-0401. S2CID 97407506.
Leslie FM (1992). "Continuum theory for nematic liquid crystals". Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics. 4 (3): 167. Bibcode:1992CMT.....4..167L. doi:10.1007/BF01130288. S2CID 120908851.
Takezoe H (2014). "Historical Overview of Polar Liquid Crystals". Ferroelectrics. 468 (1): 1–17. Bibcode:2014Fer...468....1T. doi:10.1080/00150193.2014.932653. S2CID 120165343.
Kazem-Rostami M (2017). "photoswitchable liquid crystal design". Synthesis. 49 (6): 1214–1222. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1588913. S2CID 99913657.
Achard MF, Bedel JP, Marcerou JP, Nguyen HT, Rouillon JC (February 2003). "Switching of banana liquid crystal mesophases under field". The European Physical Journal E. 10 (2): 129–34. Bibcode:2003EPJE...10..129A. doi:10.1140/epje/e2003-00016-y. PMID 15011066. S2CID 35942754.
Alkeskjold TT, Scolari L, Noordegraaf D, Lægsgaard J, Weirich J, Wei L, Tartarini G, Bassi P, Gauza S, Wu ST, Bjarklev A (2007). "Integrating liquid crystal based optical devices in photonic crystal". Optical and Quantum Electronics. 39 (12–13): 1009. doi:10.1007/s11082-007-9139-8. S2CID 54208691.
A.D. Chandra & A. Banerjee (2020). "Rapid phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using novel phase masks and optimization of its efficiency using an iterative algorithm". Journal of Modern Optics. 67 (7). Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 67, Issue 7, 18 May 2020: 628–637. arXiv:1811.03297. Bibcode:2020JMOp...67..628C. doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1760954. S2CID 219646821. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
Sato S (1979). "Liquid-Crystal Lens-Cells with Variable Focal Length". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 18 (9): 1679–1684. Bibcode:1979JaJAP..18.1679S. doi:10.1143/JJAP.18.1679. S2CID 119784753.
Lin YH, Wang YJ, Reshetnyak V (2017). "Liquid crystal lenses with tunable focal length". Liquid Crystals Reviews. 5 (2): 111–143. doi:10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256. S2CID 139938136.
Wang, Yu-Jen; Lin, Yi-Hsin; Cakmakci, Ozan; Reshetnyak, Victor (2020). "Phase modulators with tunability in wavefronts and optical axes originating from anisotropic molecular tilts under symmetric electric field II: Experiments". Optics Express. 28 (6): 8985–9001. Bibcode:2020OExpr..28.8985W. doi:10.1364/OE.389647. PMID 32225513. S2CID 214734642.
Luzzati V, Mustacchi H, Skoulios A (1957). "Structure of the Liquid-Crystal Phases of the Soap–water System: Middle Soap and Neat Soap". Nature. 180 (4586): 600. Bibcode:1957Natur.180..600L. doi:10.1038/180600a0. S2CID 4163714.
da Silva MC, Figueirinhas JL, Sotomayor JC (January 2016). "Improvement of permanent memory effect in PDLC films using TX-100 as an additive". Liquid Crystals. 43 (1): 124–30. doi:10.1080/02678292.2015.1061713. S2CID 101996816.

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

A.D. Chandra & A. Banerjee (2020). "Rapid phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using novel phase masks and optimization of its efficiency using an iterative algorithm". Journal of Modern Optics. 67 (7). Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 67, Issue 7, 18 May 2020: 628–637. arXiv:1811.03297. Bibcode:2020JMOp...67..628C. doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1760954. S2CID 219646821. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2021.

theiet.org (Global: 8,663^rd place; English: 5,646^th place)

eandt.theiet.org

"Researchers claim that ripples and imperfections in liquid crystals like those found in LCD TVs could be used to build a new type of computer". Engineering and Technology. August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

ulb.ac.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

dipot.ulb.ac.be

Baus M, Colot JL (November 1989). "Ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal phases of dipolar hard ellipsoids". Physical Review A. 40 (9): 5444–5446. Bibcode:1989PhRvA..40.5444B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5444. PMID 9902823. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.

uu.nl (Global: 2,467^th place; English: 2,049^th place)

dspace.library.uu.nl

Vroege GJ, Lekkerkerker HN (1992). "Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 (8): 1241. Bibcode:1992RPPh...55.1241V. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/55/8/003. hdl:1874/22348. S2CID 250865818.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Reinitzer F (1888). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins". Monatshefte für Chemie. 9 (1): 421–441. doi:10.1007/BF01516710. S2CID 97166902. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
"Chemical Properties of Liquid Crystals". Case Western Reserve University. Archived from the original on November 25, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Carroll, Gregory T.; Lee, Kyung Min; McConney, Michael E.; Hall, Harris J. (2023). "Optical control of alignment and patterning in an azobenzene liquid crystal photoresist". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 11 (6): 2177–2185. doi:10.1039/D2TC04869H. S2CID 256151872. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
Rego JA, Harvey JA, MacKinnon AL, Gatdula E (January 2010). "Asymmetric synthesis of a highly soluble 'trimeric' analogue of the chiral nematic liquid crystal twist agent Merck S1011" (PDF). Liquid Crystals. 37 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/02678290903359291. S2CID 95102727. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2012.
Fradkin E, Kivelson SA, Lawler MJ, Eisenstein JP, Mackenzie AP (May 4, 2010). "Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics". Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 153–178. arXiv:0910.4166. Bibcode:2010ARCMP...1..153F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-103925. S2CID 55917078. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
"smectic". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
Gabriel JC, Camerel F, Lemaire BJ, Desvaux H, Davidson P, Batail P (October 2001). "Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets" (PDF). Nature. 413 (6855): 504–8. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..504G. doi:10.1038/35097046. PMID 11586355. S2CID 4416985. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
Vertogen, Ger; Jeu, Wim H. de (December 6, 2012). Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Fundamentals. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 978-3-642-83133-1. OCLC 851375789. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
Kleinert H, Maki K (1981). "Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals" (PDF). Fortschritte der Physik. 29 (5): 219–259. Bibcode:1981ForPh..29..219K. doi:10.1002/prop.19810290503. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
Seideman T (1990). "The liquid-crystalline blue phases" (PDF). Rep. Prog. Phys. 53 (6): 659–705. Bibcode:1990RPPh...53..659S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.3141. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/6/001. S2CID 250776819. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
"Samsung Develops World's First 'Blue Phase' Technology to Achieve 240 Hz Driving Speed for High-Speed Video". Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
Templer, Richard; Seddon, John (May 18, 1991). "The World of Liquid Crystals". New Scientist. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2023. You might be surprised to find out that cell membranes are liquid crystals. In fact, the first recorded observations of the liquid crystalline phase were of myelin, the material that coats nerve fibres.
Oswald P, Pieranski P (2005). Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Concepts and Physical Properties Illustrated by Experiments. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-415-32140-2. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
Baus M, Colot JL (November 1989). "Ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal phases of dipolar hard ellipsoids". Physical Review A. 40 (9): 5444–5446. Bibcode:1989PhRvA..40.5444B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.5444. PMID 9902823. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
A.D. Chandra & A. Banerjee (2020). "Rapid phase calibration of a spatial light modulator using novel phase masks and optimization of its efficiency using an iterative algorithm". Journal of Modern Optics. 67 (7). Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 67, Issue 7, 18 May 2020: 628–637. arXiv:1811.03297. Bibcode:2020JMOp...67..628C. doi:10.1080/09500340.2020.1760954. S2CID 219646821. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
"Hot-spot detection techniques for ICs". acceleratedanalysis.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela (August 19, 2022). "Computer made from liquid crystals would ripple with calculations". Science Advances. 8 (33) eabp8371. New Scientist. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abp8371. hdl:1721.1/145669. PMC 9390992. PMID 35984880. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Researchers claim that ripples and imperfections in liquid crystals like those found in LCD TVs could be used to build a new type of computer". Engineering and Technology. August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bawden, F. C.; Pirie, N. W.; Bernal, J. D.; Fankuchen, I. (December 1, 1936). "Liquid Crystalline Substances from Virus-infected Plants". Nature. 138: 1051–1052. doi:10.1038/1381051a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
Williams, Richard (July 15, 1963). "Domains in Liquid Crystals". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 39 (2): 384–388. doi:10.1063/1.1734257. ISSN 0021-9606.
Vertogen, Ger; Jeu, Wim H. de (December 6, 2012). Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Fundamentals. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 978-3-642-83133-1. OCLC 851375789. Archived from the original on October 17, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.

Liquid crystal (English Wikipedia)

acceleratedanalysis.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

aip.org (Global: 2,204th place; English: 1,735th place)

pubs.aip.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,031st place; English: 879th place)

hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387th place; English: 373rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887th place; English: 714th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

crcpress.com (Global: low place; English: 9,832nd place)

csupomona.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

cwru.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

plc.cwru.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 800th place; English: 676th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

fu-berlin.de (Global: 3,329th place; English: 4,598th place)

physik.fu-berlin.de

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

kfupm.edu.sa (Global: low place; English: low place)

www1.kfupm.edu.sa

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209th place; English: 191st place)

nature.com (Global: 234th place; English: 397th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774th place; English: 716th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,302nd place; English: 1,389th place)

chemgroups.northwestern.edu

physorg.com (Global: 6,156th place; English: 5,640th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207th place; English: 136th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

rsc.org (Global: 2,020th place; English: 1,872nd place)

pubs.rsc.org

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

tandfonline.com (Global: 507th place; English: 429th place)

theiet.org (Global: 8,663rd place; English: 5,646th place)

eandt.theiet.org

ulb.ac.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

dipot.ulb.ac.be

uu.nl (Global: 2,467th place; English: 2,049th place)

dspace.library.uu.nl

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

aip.org (Global: 2,204^th place; English: 1,735^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,031^st place; English: 879^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

crcpress.com (Global: low place; English: 9,832^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

fu-berlin.de (Global: 3,329^th place; English: 4,598^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

newscientist.com (Global: 774^th place; English: 716^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

northwestern.edu (Global: 2,302^nd place; English: 1,389^th place)

physorg.com (Global: 6,156^th place; English: 5,640^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

rsc.org (Global: 2,020^th place; English: 1,872^nd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

theiet.org (Global: 8,663^rd place; English: 5,646^th place)

uu.nl (Global: 2,467^th place; English: 2,049^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)