Liquor (English Wikipedia)

Gildemeister, E.; Hoffman, Fr. (1913). The Volatile Oils. Vol. 1. Translated by Kremers, Edward. New York: Wiley. p. 203.
Levey, Martin (1959). Chemistry and Chemical Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia. Elsevier. p. 36. As already mentioned, the textual evidence for Sumero-Babylonian distillation is disclosed in a group of Akkadian tablets describing perfumery operations, dated ca. 1200 B.C.
Forbes, Robert James (1970). A short history of the art of distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal. BRILL. pp. 57, 89. ISBN 978-90-04-00617-1. Archived from the original on December 20, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
Marshall, John (1951). Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Investigations Carried Out at Taxila. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 420.
Haw, Stephen G. (2006). "Wine, women and poison". Marco Polo in China. Routledge. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-1-134-27542-7. Retrieved July 10, 2016. The earliest possible period seems to be the Eastern Han dynasty... the most likely period for the beginning of true distillation of spirits for drinking in China is during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties
Littrell, Jill (2014). Understanding and Treating Alcoholism Volume I: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism: Volume II: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 55. ISBN 9781317783145. The World Health Organization defines alcoholism as any drinking which results in problems

britannica.com

"distilled spirit – alcoholic beverage". Encyclopædia Britannica. December 21, 2023.

cancer.gov

"Alcohol and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet - NCI". www.cancer.gov. July 14, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2022.

collinsdictionary.com

"Liquor". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved November 29, 2022.

diabetes.co.uk

"Alcohol and Blood Sugar". Diabetes.co.uk. January 15, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2022.

doi.org

Korotayev, Andrey; Khaltourina, Daria; Meshcherina, Kira; Zamiatnina, Elena (2018). "Distilled Spirits Overconsumption as the Most Important Factor of Excessive Adult Male Mortality in Europe". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 53 (6): 742–752. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agy054. PMID 30113627.
Klatsky, A. L. (September 15, 2003). "Wine, Liquor, Beer, and Mortality". American Journal of Epidemiology. 158 (6). Oxford University Press (OUP): 585–595. doi:10.1093/aje/kwg184. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 12965884.
Taylor, F. Sherwood (1945). "The Evolution of the Still". Annals of Science. 5 (3): 186. doi:10.1080/00033794500201451. ISSN 0003-3790.
Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (January 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x. PMID 17207097.
O'Keefe, JH; Bhatti, SK; Bajwa, A; DiNicolantonio, JJ; Lavie, CJ (March 2014). "Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison...or the remedy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 89 (3): 382–93. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005. PMID 24582196.
Schuckit, MA (November 27, 2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113. S2CID 205116954.

drinkaware.co.uk

"Are spirits more dangerous than other alcoholic drinks?". Drinkaware. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2022.

engineeringtoolbox.com

"Flash points of ethanol-based water solutions". Retrieved June 23, 2011.

escholarship.org

Schuckit, MA (November 27, 2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113. S2CID 205116954.

europa.eu

data.europa.eu

fishersci.com

fscimage.fishersci.com

"Material Safety Data Sheet, Section 5". Retrieved March 7, 2011.

graf-von-katzenelnbogen.com

"graf-von-katzenelnbogen.com". Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2008.

history-science-technology.com

al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2009). "Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources from the 8th Century". Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 283–298. (same content also available on the author's website Archived December 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine).
al-Hassan 2009 (same content also available on the author's website Archived December 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine); cf. Berthelot & Houdas 1893, vol. I, pp. 141, 143. Sometimes, sulfur was also added to the wine (see Berthelot & Houdas 1893, vol. I, p. 143).

icao.int

"App-1 Appendix on Dangerous Goods" (PDF). ICAO. Retrieved May 20, 2020.

merriam-webster.com

"Liquor". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved November 29, 2022.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Korotayev, Andrey; Khaltourina, Daria; Meshcherina, Kira; Zamiatnina, Elena (2018). "Distilled Spirits Overconsumption as the Most Important Factor of Excessive Adult Male Mortality in Europe". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 53 (6): 742–752. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agy054. PMID 30113627.
Klatsky, A. L. (September 15, 2003). "Wine, Liquor, Beer, and Mortality". American Journal of Epidemiology. 158 (6). Oxford University Press (OUP): 585–595. doi:10.1093/aje/kwg184. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 12965884.
Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (January 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x. PMID 17207097.
O'Keefe, JH; Bhatti, SK; Bajwa, A; DiNicolantonio, JJ; Lavie, CJ (March 2014). "Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison...or the remedy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 89 (3): 382–93. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005. PMID 24582196.
Schuckit, MA (November 27, 2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113. S2CID 205116954.
Jaegtvik, T; Schei, E (May 30, 1999). "[Home-brew and alcohol drinking of adolescents]". Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening. 119 (14): 2010–4. PMID 10394274.

niaaa.nih.gov

"Alcohol Facts and Statistics". Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2015.

nttworldwide.com

"Flash Point and Fire Point". Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2011.

nzherald.co.nz

Austin, Kim (September 16, 2011). "Distilling your own spirits: A drop of the easier stuff". Retrieved May 20, 2020.

samorini.it

Frank Raymond Allchin, "India: the ancient home of distillation?" Man, New Series 14:1:55-63 (1979) full text Archived December 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Schuckit, MA (November 27, 2014). "Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (22): 2109–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. PMID 25427113. S2CID 205116954.

thebengalichronicle.com

"India's Most Popular Liquors: ভারতের সব থেকে জনপ্রিয় মদ কোনগুলি জানেন, রইল তালিকা". The Bengali Chronicle (in Bengali). April 19, 2022. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

thespruceeats.com

Filippone, Peggy Trowbridge. "The Difference Between a Liquor and a Liqueur". www.thespruceeats.com. Retrieved October 25, 2023.

washingtonpost.com

Wolke, Robert L. (July 5, 2006). "Combustible Combination". Washington Post. Retrieved January 27, 2011.

web.archive.org

"Are spirits more dangerous than other alcoholic drinks?". Drinkaware. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
Forbes, Robert James (1970). A short history of the art of distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal. BRILL. pp. 57, 89. ISBN 978-90-04-00617-1. Archived from the original on December 20, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
Frank Raymond Allchin, "India: the ancient home of distillation?" Man, New Series 14:1:55-63 (1979) full text Archived December 20, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2009). "Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources from the 8th Century". Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 283–298. (same content also available on the author's website Archived December 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine).
al-Hassan 2009 (same content also available on the author's website Archived December 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine); cf. Berthelot & Houdas 1893, vol. I, pp. 141, 143. Sometimes, sulfur was also added to the wine (see Berthelot & Houdas 1893, vol. I, p. 143).
"India's Most Popular Liquors: ভারতের সব থেকে জনপ্রিয় মদ কোনগুলি জানেন, রইল তালিকা". The Bengali Chronicle (in Bengali). April 19, 2022. Archived from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
"graf-von-katzenelnbogen.com". Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
"Flash Point and Fire Point". Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
"Alcohol Facts and Statistics". Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2015.

who.int

"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018". www.who.int.
"who.int" (PDF).

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Klatsky, A. L. (September 15, 2003). "Wine, Liquor, Beer, and Mortality". American Journal of Epidemiology. 158 (6). Oxford University Press (OUP): 585–595. doi:10.1093/aje/kwg184. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 12965884.
Taylor, F. Sherwood (1945). "The Evolution of the Still". Annals of Science. 5 (3): 186. doi:10.1080/00033794500201451. ISSN 0003-3790.
Habib, Irfan (2011). Economic history of medieval India, 1200-1500. Pearson Education India. p. 55. ISBN 978-81-317-2791-1. OCLC 728102346.

worldcat.org

Habib, Irfan (2011). Economic history of medieval India, 1200-1500. Pearson Education India. p. 55. ISBN 978-81-317-2791-1. OCLC 728102346.