List of ECMAScript engines (English Wikipedia)

Wimmer, Christian; Würthinger, Thomas (2012). "Truffle: A self-optimizing runtime system". Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Systems, programming, and applications: Software for humanity. pp. 13–14. doi:10.1145/2384716.2384723. ISBN 978-1-4503-1563-0.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

"Netscape Communicator 3.0.2 Source Tree". Archive.org. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2025.

bellard.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"QuickJS Javascript Engine".

boajs.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Temporal_rs is here! The datetime library powering Temporal in Boa, Kiesel, and V8". 24 September 2025. Retrieved 30 September 2025.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Xie, Juanying; Kaiser, M. Shamim; Rathore, Vijay Singh (2023). Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies (ICTCS 2022): Intelligent Strategies for ICT. Springer Nature Singapore. p. 562. ISBN 9789811993046.
Strakhov, Pavel Vladimirovich (2018). Game Programming using Qt 5 Beginner's Guide: Create amazing games with Qt 5, C++, and Qt Quick (2nd ed.). Packt Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781788390651. Retrieved 21 September 2025.

brendaneich.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Eich, Brendan (21 June 2011). "New JavaScript Engine Module Owner".
"TraceMonkey: JavaScript Lightspeed, Brendan Eich's Blog". Archived from the original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

chrisseaton.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seaton, Chris (20 September 2016). "Faster Ruby and JavaScript with GraalVM" (PDF). chrisseaton.com.

chromium.org (Global: 7,618^th place; English: 5,519^th place)

blog.chromium.org

"A New Crankshaft for V8". Chromium Blog. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2011.

cnet.com (Global: 272^nd place; English: 225^th place)

news.cnet.com

Shankland, Stephen (2 March 2010). "Opera 10.5 brings new JavaScript engine". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2012.

codeberg.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

kiesel-js. "kiesel". Codeberg.org. Retrieved 30 September 2025.

docs.google.com (Global: 1,047^th place; English: 1,015^th place)

"How Blink Works". Retrieved 12 March 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wimmer, Christian; Würthinger, Thomas (2012). "Truffle: A self-optimizing runtime system". Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Systems, programming, and applications: Software for humanity. pp. 13–14. doi:10.1145/2384716.2384723. ISBN 978-1-4503-1563-0.
Wen, Elliott; Zhou, Jiaxiang; Luo, Xiapu; Russello, Giovanni; Dietrich, Jens (2024). "Keep Me Updated: An Empirical Study on Embedded JavaScript Engines in Android Apps". MSR '24: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. Lisbon, Portugal: ACM. pp. 361–372. doi:10.1145/3643991.3644901.
Meng Wu; Weixin Dong; Qiang Zhao; Zhizhong Pan; Baojian Hua (2023). "An Empirical Study of Lightweight JavaScript Engines". IEEE: 413–422. doi:10.1109/QRS-C60940.2023.00103. ISBN 979-8-3503-5939-8.
Minsu Kim; Hyuk-Jin Jeong; Soo-Mook Moon (2016). Small Footprint JavaScript Engine. Springer. pp. 103–116. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42304-3_6.
Kai Grunert (2020). "Overview of JavaScript Engines for Resource-Constrained Microcontrollers". IEEE: 1–7. doi:10.23919/SpliTech49282.2020.9243749. ISBN 978-953-290-105-4.
Tadashi Saito; Hideya Iwasaki (2025). "Integrating Static Optimization and Dynamic Nature in JavaScript". GPCE '25: Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Generative Programming: Concepts and Experiences. ACM. pp. 41–53. doi:10.1145/3742876.3742877.
Pannu, Mandeep; Kay, Iain; Gill, Bod (17–19 October 2019). "Inherited Vulnerabilities: JavaScript Engine V4 Secure Coding Compared to Google's V8". 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). Vancouver, BC, Canada: IEEE. doi:10.1109/IEMCON.2019.8936228.
Hyukwoo Park; Seonghyun Kim (2024). "Tail Call Optimization Tailored for Native Stack Utilization in JavaScript Runtimes". IEEE Access. 12: 111801–111817. Bibcode:2024IEEEA..12k1801P. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3441750.
Wirfs-Brock, Allen; Eich, Brendan (2020). "JavaScript: the first 20 years". Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 4 (HOPL): 1–189. doi:10.1145/3386327.

duktape.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Duktape". Retrieved 21 September 2013.

electronjs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Electron Internals: Using Node as a Library". electronjs.org. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2020.

ethereum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

geth.ethereum.org

"JavaScript Console".

ghacks.net (Global: low place; English: 7,914^th place)

"Meet Ladybird browser, a promising cross-platform web browser - gHacks Tech News". 20 June 2023.

github.com (Global: 383^rd place; English: 320^th place)

"Architecture Overview". GitHub.
"LibJS: Start fleshing out a bytecode for the JavaScript engine :^) · LadybirdBrowser/Ladybird@69dddd4". GitHub.
"LibJS: Rip out the AST interpreter :^) · LadybirdBrowser/ladybird@2eaa528". GitHub. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
"GitHub · Where software is built". github.com. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
"Using Nashorn with different Java versions". GitHub. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
"moddable/documentation/xs/XS Conformance.md at public". GitHub.
"Releases · Samsung/Escargot". GitHub.
"GitHub - boa-dev/boa: Boa is an embeddable and experimental Javascript engine written in Rust". github.com. Retrieved 8 April 2022.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hyukwoo Park; Seonghyun Kim (2024). "Tail Call Optimization Tailored for Native Stack Utilization in JavaScript Runtimes". IEEE Access. 12: 111801–111817. Bibcode:2024IEEEA..12k1801P. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3441750.

ieee.org (Global: 652^nd place; English: 515^th place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Kai Grunert (2020). "Overview of JavaScript Engines for Resource-Constrained Microcontrollers". IEEE: 1–7. doi:10.23919/SpliTech49282.2020.9243749. ISBN 978-953-290-105-4.

ijcsit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tandel, Mrunali; Joshi, Uday; Golhani, Amit (2016). "Literature Review: Scripting in Qt for Scripting Engine Development" (PDF). International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies. 7 (3): 1347–1350. Retrieved 20 September 2025.

joehni.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

"JavaScript Engines and Products".

jsconf.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

2019.jsconf.eu

"Let's build a JavaScript Engine". 2019.jsconf.eu. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

jvmlangsummit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

wiki.jvmlangsummit.com

"Truffle: A Self-Optimizing Runtime System" (PDF). Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

kde.org (Global: 8,253^rd place; English: 6,484^th place)

develop.kde.org

"Plasma Desktop scripting | Developer". develop.kde.org. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

blogs.kde.org

"News from the land of Konquerors - KDE Blogs". blogs.kde.org. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

kiesel.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kiesel JavaScript Engine". kiesel.dev. Retrieved 30 September 2025.

libjs.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

"LibJS JavaScript engine". libjs.dev. Retrieved 30 June 2023.

lifehacker.com (Global: 4,734^th place; English: 3,077^th place)

Purdy, Kevin (11 June 2009). "Lifehacker Speed Tests: Safari 4, Chrome 2". Lifehacker. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

lwn.net (Global: 4,423^rd place; English: 2,925^th place)

Brockmeier, Joe (28 February 2024). "The KDE desktop gets an overhaul with Plasma 6".

medium.com (Global: 551^st place; English: 406^th place)

Nelaturu, Keerthi (September 2020). "WebAssembly: What's the big deal?". medium.com. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

microsoft.com (Global: 153^rd place; English: 151^st place)

ie.microsoft.com

Frequently Asked Questions, Microsoft, 13 March 2010, archived from the original on 22 March 2010, retrieved 18 March 2010

microsoftedge.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Super Duper Secure Mode". 4 August 2021.

moddable.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Apps for IoT". Archived from the original on 28 December 2018.
"Moddable | JavaScript for Embedded". www.moddable.com.

mozilla.org (Global: 1,686^th place; English: 1,293^rd place)

developer.mozilla.org

"JavaScript technologies overview - JavaScript | MDN". 8 July 2025.
"Rhino History". Mozilla Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2008.

firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org

"SpiderMonkey — Firefox Source Docs documentation".

www-archive.mozilla.org

"Epimetheus".

mujs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"MuJS". Retrieved 22 September 2014.

netscape.com (Global: low place; English: 7,084^th place)

home.netscape.com

"Netscape Navigator 2.0b1 for Windows". Archived from the original on 14 June 1997.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

archive.nytimes.com

"Opera 10.50 - A Browser Worth Switching To? - NYTimes.com". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

openjdk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

opera.com (Global: 6,731^st place; English: 5,817^th place)

labs.opera.com

"Carakan". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.

dev.opera.com

"Dev.Opera — 300 Million Users and Move to WebKit". Archived from the original on 28 June 2014.

help.opera.com

"Opera's archived version history 1-12".

my.opera.com

"Opera Desktop Team's Blog | Opera". Archived from the original on 3 March 2006.

oracle.com (Global: 1,514^th place; English: 1,024^th place)

"Oracle Nashorn: A Next-Generation JavaScript Engine for the JVM". www.oracle.com.
Lagergren, Marcus. "Nashorn War Stories (from a battle scarred veteran of invokedynamic)" (PDF). Oracle Corporation.

pcgameshardware.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Big browser comparison test: Internet Explorer vs. Firefox, Opera, Safari and Chrome". PC Games Hardware. Computec Media AG. 3 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2010.

prnewswire.com (Global: 406^th place; English: 258^th place)

"Apple Releases Safari 5". www.prnewswire.com.

qt.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

wiki.qt.io

"V4 - Qt Wiki".
"Qt-5-Beta - Qt Wiki".
"New Features in Qt 5.2 - Qt Wiki".
"V4 - Qt Wiki". wiki.qt.io. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
"Qt-contributors-summit-2013-QML-engine - Qt Wiki".

doc.qt.io

"JavaScript Host Environment | Qt QML | Qt 6.10.0".

reactnative.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Using Hermes". Facebook. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
"React Native 0.82 - A New Era · React Native". reactnative.dev. Retrieved 29 December 2025.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Minsu Kim; Hyuk-Jin Jeong; Soo-Mook Moon (2016). Small Footprint JavaScript Engine. Springer. pp. 103–116. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42304-3_6.

techcrunch.com (Global: 187^th place; English: 146^th place)

"Mozilla's Asm.js Gets Another Step Closer to Native Performance". 21 December 2013.

telerik.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

developer.telerik.com

Looper, Jen (21 September 2015). "A Guide to JavaScript Engines for Idiots". Telerik Developer Network. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.

tenforums.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Microsoft Edge's JavaScript engine to go open-source". 7 December 2015.

test262.fyi (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Test262: ECMAScript Test Suite". Retrieved 30 September 2025.

thenewstack.io (Global: low place; English: 8,400^th place)

"Deno 2 Arrives with Long-Term Support, Node.js Compatibility". The New Stack. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2025.

theverge.com (Global: 114^th place; English: 90^th place)

Clark, Mitchell (18 August 2022). "The James Webb Space Telescope runs JavaScript, apparently". The Verge. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

twibright.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

links.twibright.com

"Release 2.1pre17". Archived from the original on 11 March 2005.

ualberta.ca (Global: 3,600^th place; English: 2,528^th place)

webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca

"Context Threading: A flexible and efficient dispatch technique for virtual machine interpreters" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2025.

usenix.org (Global: 5,990^th place; English: 3,752^nd place)

Ratanaworabhan, Paruj; Livshits, Benjamin; Zorn, Benjamin G. "JSMeter: Comparing the Behavior of JavaScript Benchmarks with Real Web Applications" (PDF). USENIX.

v8.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Documentation · V8". Google. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
"Maglev - V8's Fastest Optimizing JIT · V8".

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Looper, Jen (21 September 2015). "A Guide to JavaScript Engines for Idiots". Telerik Developer Network. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
"Big browser comparison test: Internet Explorer vs. Firefox, Opera, Safari and Chrome". PC Games Hardware. Computec Media AG. 3 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
Purdy, Kevin (11 June 2009). "Lifehacker Speed Tests: Safari 4, Chrome 2". Lifehacker. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
"Mozilla asks, 'Are we fast yet?'". Wired. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
Shankland, Stephen (2 March 2010). "Opera 10.5 brings new JavaScript engine". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
"TraceMonkey: JavaScript Lightspeed, Brendan Eich's Blog". Archived from the original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
"Carakan". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
"Electron Internals: Using Node as a Library". electronjs.org. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
"Dev.Opera — 300 Million Users and Move to WebKit". Archived from the original on 28 June 2014.
New Microsoft Edge to replace Microsoft Edge Legacy with April's Windows 10 Update Tuesday release, Microsoft, 12 February 2021, archived from the original on 11 March 2021, retrieved 12 March 2021
"Context Threading: A flexible and efficient dispatch technique for virtual machine interpreters" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2025.
"Rhino History". Mozilla Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2008.
"Apps for IoT". Archived from the original on 28 December 2018.
"Netscape Navigator 2.0b1 for Windows". Archived from the original on 14 June 1997.
Frequently Asked Questions, Microsoft, 13 March 2010, archived from the original on 22 March 2010, retrieved 18 March 2010
"Opera Desktop Team's Blog | Opera". Archived from the original on 3 March 2006.
"Release 2.1pre17". Archived from the original on 11 March 2005.

webkit.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

webkit.org

"Speculation in JavaScriptCore". 29 July 2020.
"Introducing SquirrelFish Extreme". 18 September 2008.
"Speculation in JavaScriptCore". 29 July 2020.
"Introducing the WebKit FTL JIT". 13 May 2014.
"Introducing the B3 JIT Compiler". 15 February 2016.

trac.webkit.org

"JavaScriptCore – WebKit". trac.webkit.org.
"Changeset 94559 – WebKit".

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

"Mozilla asks, 'Are we fast yet?'". Wired. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)

Fin JS (17 June 2016), "Brendan Eich – CEO of Brave", YouTube, retrieved 7 February 2018

List of ECMAScript engines (English Wikipedia)

acm.org (Global: 1,185th place; English: 840th place)

dl.acm.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bellard.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

boajs.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brendaneich.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chrisseaton.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chromium.org (Global: 7,618th place; English: 5,519th place)

blog.chromium.org

cnet.com (Global: 272nd place; English: 225th place)

news.cnet.com

codeberg.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.google.com (Global: 1,047th place; English: 1,015th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

duktape.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

electronjs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ethereum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

geth.ethereum.org

ghacks.net (Global: low place; English: 7,914th place)

github.com (Global: 383rd place; English: 320th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

ieee.org (Global: 652nd place; English: 515th place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

ijcsit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

joehni.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

jsconf.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

2019.jsconf.eu

jvmlangsummit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

wiki.jvmlangsummit.com

kde.org (Global: 8,253rd place; English: 6,484th place)

develop.kde.org

blogs.kde.org

kiesel.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

libjs.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

lifehacker.com (Global: 4,734th place; English: 3,077th place)

lwn.net (Global: 4,423rd place; English: 2,925th place)

medium.com (Global: 551st place; English: 406th place)

microsoft.com (Global: 153rd place; English: 151st place)

learn.microsoft.com

techcommunity.microsoft.com

msdn.microsoft.com

ie.microsoft.com

microsoftedge.github.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

moddable.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mozilla.org (Global: 1,686th place; English: 1,293rd place)

developer.mozilla.org

firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org

www-archive.mozilla.org

mujs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

netscape.com (Global: low place; English: 7,084th place)

home.netscape.com

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

archive.nytimes.com

openjdk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

opera.com (Global: 6,731st place; English: 5,817th place)

labs.opera.com

dev.opera.com

help.opera.com

my.opera.com

oracle.com (Global: 1,514th place; English: 1,024th place)

pcgameshardware.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

prnewswire.com (Global: 406th place; English: 258th place)

qt.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

wiki.qt.io

doc.qt.io

reactnative.dev (Global: low place; English: low place)

springer.com (Global: 274th place; English: 309th place)

link.springer.com

techcrunch.com (Global: 187th place; English: 146th place)

telerik.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

developer.telerik.com

tenforums.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

test262.fyi (Global: low place; English: low place)

thenewstack.io (Global: low place; English: 8,400th place)

theverge.com (Global: 114th place; English: 90th place)

twibright.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

links.twibright.com

acm.org (Global: 1,185^th place; English: 840^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

chromium.org (Global: 7,618^th place; English: 5,519^th place)

cnet.com (Global: 272^nd place; English: 225^th place)

docs.google.com (Global: 1,047^th place; English: 1,015^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ghacks.net (Global: low place; English: 7,914^th place)

github.com (Global: 383^rd place; English: 320^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 652^nd place; English: 515^th place)

kde.org (Global: 8,253^rd place; English: 6,484^th place)

lifehacker.com (Global: 4,734^th place; English: 3,077^th place)

lwn.net (Global: 4,423^rd place; English: 2,925^th place)

medium.com (Global: 551^st place; English: 406^th place)

microsoft.com (Global: 153^rd place; English: 151^st place)

mozilla.org (Global: 1,686^th place; English: 1,293^rd place)

netscape.com (Global: low place; English: 7,084^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

opera.com (Global: 6,731^st place; English: 5,817^th place)

oracle.com (Global: 1,514^th place; English: 1,024^th place)

prnewswire.com (Global: 406^th place; English: 258^th place)

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

techcrunch.com (Global: 187^th place; English: 146^th place)

thenewstack.io (Global: low place; English: 8,400^th place)

theverge.com (Global: 114^th place; English: 90^th place)

ualberta.ca (Global: 3,600^th place; English: 2,528^th place)

usenix.org (Global: 5,990^th place; English: 3,752^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)