List of Jewish heads of state and government (English Wikipedia)

- Ehrlich, M. Avrum (2009). Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6.
- Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda crisis: history of a genocide, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, London, 1995, p. 319 n16 ISBN 978-1-85065-372-1
- Vuataki, K. (22 April 2013). Chapter 32. WestBow Press. p. 272. ISBN 9781449789961. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2015. He was from Vanua Balavu in northern Lau and had native Fijian, Tongan, and Jewish ancestry.

britannica.com

- "Béla Kun | Hungarian Communist Leader & Revolutionary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
- - "Léon Blum". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  - *Breger, Jennifer (27 February 2009). "Ruth Dreifuss". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
    - "Ruth Dreifuss". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
    - *Green, David B. (16 December 2012). "1997: Jewish-American Woman Becomes President of Guyana". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
      - "Janet Jagan". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

critica.com.pa

portal.critica.com.pa

"Cortizo: sería irresponsable juzgar a la Presidenta Moscoso". portal.critica.com.pa. Retrieved 2023-12-17.

delfi.lv

Delfi (2019-04-18). "Levits ir pret īpašumu atgriešanu ebreju kopienai". www.delfi.lv (in Latvian). Retrieved 2023-12-17.

dnoticias.pt

Devemos reconhecer e acarinhar a nossa herança judaica, Diário de Notícias Archived 7 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine

ejpress.org

"A Greek book on Nicolas Sarkozy". The European Jewish Press. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2008.

encyclopedia.com

"Delvalle Levi Maduro, Eric Arturo | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.

eurasiareview.com

- Klomegah, Kester Kenn (2020-01-17). "Meet Mikhail Mishustin, Russia's New Prime Minister – OpEd". Eurasia Review. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

fijilandofourfathers.com

"John Abrahams". fijilandofourfathers.com. Retrieved 2022-07-09.

fijitimes.com

"Former PM Qarase's final wish". FijiTimes. 2 May 2020. Retrieved 2022-07-09.

fjc.ru

"Jewish Community Mourns Sudden Loss of Georgian Prime Minister". 2005-03-24. Archived from the original on 2005-03-24. Retrieved 2023-02-17.

forward.com

"Ukraine Elected A Jewish Comedian But Have Ya Heard About The Jews Who Ran Peru". The Forward. 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
"Ukraine Elected A Jewish Comedian But Have Ya Heard About The Jews Who Ran Peru". The Forward. 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
- "Putin Appoints Russia's Third Jewish Premier". The Forward. 2004-03-05. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

geneastar.org

en.geneastar.org

- "Family tree of Michel DEBRE". Geneanet. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

gla.ac.uk

theses.gla.ac.uk

Kim, Dae Soon (May 11, 2011). "A political biography of Hungary's first post-Communist President, Árpád Göncz" (PDF). University of Glasgow. Retrieved January 24, 2025.

gov.uk

- "History of Benjamin Disraeli, the Earl of Beaconsfield". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-22.

haaretz.com

- Arbell, Mordechai (16 August 2002). "The World's Other Jewish President". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- - "1885: A Jew Becomes Leader of Russia, if Not for Long". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
  - *Green, David B. (16 December 2012). "1997: Jewish-American Woman Becomes President of Guyana". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
    - "Janet Jagan". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

icelds.org

"Ilya Lensky: Jews were perceived as the least politically problematic minority in interwar Latvia – ICELDS". Retrieved 2023-02-17.

irishtimes.com

"Oil and banking fuel the rise of Russian risk-taker". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2023-08-26.

italyonthisday.com

- "Alessandro Fortis - politician". Retrieved 2023-02-19.

jewishencyclopedia.com

- "SONNINO, SIDNEY, BARON - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

jewishjournal.com

- Spritzer, Dinah (2013-01-07). "Czech 'Joe Lieberman' could be Europe's first Jewish president". Jewish Journal. Jerusalem Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2019-12-09.

jewishnews.co.uk

Havardi, Jeremy (19 December 2018). "The next in a short line of Jewish prime ministers?". www.jewishnews.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-02-17.

jewishunpacked.com

- Kunza, John (2022-02-25). "Who is Volodymyr Zelensky, the Jewish president of Ukraine?". Unpacked. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

- JVL. "Ricardo Maduro".
- "John Key". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2023-02-17.

jpost.com

- "Élisabeth Borne: France's prime minister, Jewish political heavyweight". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2023-02-24.

jstor.org

Poliakov, Léon (1960). "France". The American Jewish Year Book. 61: 203–211. ISSN 0065-8987. JSTOR 23605151.

jta.org

- "Rene Mayer, Former Prime Minister of France, Dead at Age 77". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 18 December 1972. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- "Behind the Headlines 30 Years After the Hungarian Revolution". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- - "Romanian Chief Rabbi Says He's Not Making Aliyah Yet". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  - - "Romanian Chief Rabbi Says He's Not Making Aliyah Yet". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2023-12-17.

jwa.org

*Breger, Jennifer (27 February 2009). "Ruth Dreifuss". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- "Ruth Dreifuss". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- - "Sophie Wilmès becomes first Jewish and first woman Prime Minister of Belgium". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

kikar.co.il

"רה"מ היהודי של המדינה המוזרה: "ל". 28 January 2024.

la-croix.com

international.la-croix.com

- "France's new prime minister has Russian Orthodox and Jewish roots". international.la-croix.com. 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-10.

laregion.es

Región, La (2019-09-10). "La sangre ourensana de Panamá". La Región (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-12-17.

latimes.com

Meisler, Stanley (23 January 1986). "Greenpeace Affair Tarnished Fabius : French Political Star's Meteoric Rise and Fall". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Meisler, Stanley (23 January 1986). "Greenpeace Affair Tarnished Fabius : French Political Star's Meteoric Rise and Fall". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Meisler, Stanley (1986-01-23). "Greenpeace Affair Tarnished Fabius : French Political Star's Meteoric Rise and Fall". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-12-17.

mazsihisz.hu

"Mai születésnapos: Horn Gyula, egy zsidó munkásfiú és miniszterelnök és még egy meglepetés | Mazsihisz". mazsihisz.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2025-01-24.
"Mai születésnapos: Horn Gyula, egy zsidó munkásfiú és miniszterelnök és még egy meglepetés | Mazsihisz". mazsihisz.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2025-01-24.

momentmag.com

Skirble, Rosanne (2018-10-30). "Rediscovering and Restoring Cape Verde's Jewish Heritage". Moment Magazine. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

mysociety.org

conservative-speeches.sayit.mysociety.org

"David Cameron: Jewish Care". SayIt. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2015.

nytimes.com

"Long a Loyal Gaullist; Michel Jean-Pierre Debre". The New York Times. 1966-01-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
Higgins, Andrew (24 April 2019). "Ukraine's Newly Elected President Is Jewish. So Is Its Prime Minister. Not All Jews There Are Pleased". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Sciolino, Elaine (2008-02-16). "By Making Holocaust Personal to Pupils, Sarkozy Stirs Anger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

nzherald.co.nz

"Will the real John Key step forward". NZ Herald. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2023-12-17.

nzhistory.govt.nz

- "Julius Vogel". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 2023-02-22.

quest-cdecjournal.it

- Catalan, Tullia (2015-10-31). "Portrait of Italian Jewish Life (1800s-1930s)". Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History. Retrieved 2023-02-19.

sajr.co.za

- "New Latvian president is second Jewish head of state outside Israel". Jewish Report. 2019-07-25. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

shavei.org

Israel, Shavei (2023-11-07). "Portugal´s President: ´I am proud of my Jewish ancestry´". Shavei Israel. Retrieved 2023-08-28.

spiegel.de

"Sachbücher: Kleiner, großer Mann mit Mütze". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.

telegraph.co.uk

Holehouse, Matthew (12 March 2014). "David Cameron tells Israelis about his Jewish ancestors". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 October 2019.

thejc.com

"Helmut Schmidt, a Nazi Youth leader who had Jewish ancestry, dies aged 96". www.thejc.com. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

thepanamanews.com

- Jackson, Eric (2019-05-08). "What to look for from Nito Cortizo: foreign affairs". The Panama News. Retrieved 2020-10-22.

theprow.org.nz

- "Francis Dillon Bell 1822–1898". www.theprow.org.nz. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

timesofisrael.com

- AP and ToI Staff. "Former Russian PM Yevgeny Primakov dies at 85". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
- "Peru president, son of Jewish refugee, tells Trump he prefers 'bridges to walls'". The Times of Israel. 26 February 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- - Browne, Gareth. "Blankets won't save us from bombs: Ukraine's Jewish ex-PM pleads for Israel's help". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  - Liphshiz, Cnaan. "5 Jewish things to know about Boris Johnson". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
  - AFP and ToI Staff. "Helmut Schmidt, German ex-chancellor, dead aged 96". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  - Shmulovich, Michal. "Venezuela's 'anti-Semitic' leader admits Jewish ancestry". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-09-17.

washingtonpost.com

- Smith, J. Y. (1982-10-19). "Pierre Mendes-France Dies". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

web.archive.org

"Six countries you would not believe had a Jewish Prime Minister". Museum of the Jewish People. 2017-10-01. Archived from the original on 2022-04-19. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
Meisler, Stanley (23 January 1986). "Greenpeace Affair Tarnished Fabius : French Political Star's Meteoric Rise and Fall". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Meisler, Stanley (23 January 1986). "Greenpeace Affair Tarnished Fabius : French Political Star's Meteoric Rise and Fall". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
"Jewish Community Mourns Sudden Loss of Georgian Prime Minister". 2005-03-24. Archived from the original on 2005-03-24. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
"David Cameron: Jewish Care". SayIt. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
"Profile: Nicolas Sarkozy". BBC News. 26 July 2009. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
"A Greek book on Nicolas Sarkozy". The European Jewish Press. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
"Sachbücher: Kleiner, großer Mann mit Mütze". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
Vuataki, K. (22 April 2013). Chapter 32. WestBow Press. p. 272. ISBN 9781449789961. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2015. He was from Vanua Balavu in northern Lau and had native Fijian, Tongan, and Jewish ancestry.
Devemos reconhecer e acarinhar a nossa herança judaica, Diário de Notícias Archived 7 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

- Smith, J. Y. (1982-10-19). "Pierre Mendes-France Dies". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- Poliakov, Léon (1960). "France". The American Jewish Year Book. 61: 203–211. ISSN 0065-8987. JSTOR 23605151.
- "Long a Loyal Gaullist; Michel Jean-Pierre Debre". The New York Times. 1966-01-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- Higgins, Andrew (24 April 2019). "Ukraine's Newly Elected President Is Jewish. So Is Its Prime Minister. Not All Jews There Are Pleased". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- Sciolino, Elaine (2008-02-16). "By Making Holocaust Personal to Pupils, Sarkozy Stirs Anger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-16.

yivoencyclopedia.org

Varga, László (16 November 2010). "Rákosi, Mátyás". YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

ynetnews.com

- correspondents, ynet (2023-09-06). "How do you say 'Oy Vey' in Spanish? Claudia Sheinbaum primed to become Mexico's first Jewish President". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2024-06-03. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)