List of benzodiazepines (English Wikipedia)

Golombok S, Lader M (August 1984). "The psychopharmacological effects of premazepam, diazepam and placebo in healthy human subjects". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 18 (2): 127–133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02444.x. PMC 1463527. PMID 6148956.
de Visser SJ, van der Post JP, de Waal PP, Cornet F, Cohen AF, van Gerven JM (January 2003). "Biomarkers for the effects of benzodiazepines in healthy volunteers". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 55 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.t01-10-01714.x. PMC 1884188. PMID 12534639.
By the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel; et al. (American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel) (November 2015). "American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 63 (11): 2227–2246. doi:10.1111/jgs.13702. PMID 26446832. S2CID 38797655.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Delcò F, Tchambaz L, Schlienger R, Drewe J, Krähenbühl S (2005). "Dose adjustment in patients with liver disease". Drug Safety. 28 (6): 529–545. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528060-00005. PMID 15924505. S2CID 9849818.
Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (August 2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID 18384456. S2CID 24453988.
Ashton H (July 1994). "Guidelines for the rational use of benzodiazepines. When and what to use". Drugs. 48 (1): 25–40. doi:10.2165/00003495-199448010-00004. PMID 7525193. S2CID 46966796.
Moylan S, Giorlando F, Nordfjærn T, Berk M (March 2012). "The role of alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder in Australia". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 46 (3): 212–224. doi:10.1177/0004867411432074. PMID 22391278. S2CID 11006795.
van Steveninck AL, Gieschke R, Schoemaker RC, Roncari G, Tuk B, Pieters MS, et al. (June 1996). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of bretazenil and diazepam with alcohol". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 41 (6): 565–573. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.38514.x. PMC 2042631. PMID 8799523.
N. Edinoff, Amber; A. Nix, Catherine; S. Odisho, Amira; P. Babin, Caroline; G. Derouen, Alyssa; C. Lutfallah, Salim; M. Cornett, Elyse; Murnane, Kevin S.; M. Kaye, Adam (22 August 2022). Müller, Thomas; Yamauchi, Junji (eds.). "Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects". Neurology International. 14 (3): 652. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053. PMC 9397074. PMID 35997362.
Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V (2014). "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 757–763. doi:10.1002/dta.1628. PMID 24604775.
Moosmann B, Huppertz LM, Hutter M, Buchwald A, Ferlaino S, Auwärter V (November 2013). "Detection and identification of the designer benzodiazepine flubromazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 48 (11): 1150–1159. Bibcode:2013JMSp...48.1150M. doi:10.1002/jms.3279. PMID 24259203.
Huppertz LM, Moosmann B, Auwärter V (January 2018). "Flubromazolam - Basic pharmacokinetic evaluation of a highly potent designer benzodiazepine". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 206–211. doi:10.1002/dta.2203. PMID 28378533.
Esmailian M, Ahmadi O, Taheri M, Zamani M (September 2015). "Comparison of haloperidol and midazolam in restless management of patients referred to the Emergency Department: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial". Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 20 (9): 844–849. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003079.pub4. PMC 6486117. PMID 29219171.
Barzaghi N, Leone L, Monteleone M, Tomasini G, Perucca E (1989). "Pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam, a novel benzodiazepine drug, in normal subjects". European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 14 (4): 293–298. doi:10.1007/BF03190114. PMID 2633923. S2CID 20710732.
Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J (August 1985). "Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 20 (2): 119–128. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05041.x. PMC 1400680. PMID 2864049.
Vale JA, Kulig K (2004). "Position paper: gastric lavage". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 42 (7): 933–943. doi:10.1081/CLT-200045006. PMID 15641639. S2CID 29957973.
Sternbach LH (January 1979). "The benzodiazepine story". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 22 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1021/jm00187a001. PMID 34039.
Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Hansch C (1994). "Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the benzodiazepines. a review and reevaluation". Chemical Reviews. 94 (6): 1483–1505. doi:10.1021/cr00030a002.
Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Odisho AS, Babin CP, Derouen AG, Lutfallah SC, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects. Neurol Int. 2022 Aug 22;14(3):648-663. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053 PMID 35997362
Yu X, Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ. Designer benzodiazepines: an update. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;16(2):109-117. doi:10.1080/17512433.2023.2170349 PMID 36649662
Winkler DA, Burden FR, Watkins AJ (January 1998). "Atomistic Topological Indices Applied to Benzodiazepines using Various Regression Methods". Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. 17 (1): 14–19. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3838(199801)17:01<14::AID-QSAR14>3.0.CO;2-U.
Thakur A, Thakur M, Khadikar P (November 2003). "Topological modeling of benzodiazepine receptor binding". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (23): 5203–5207. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.014. PMID 14604684.
So SS, Karplus M (December 1996). "Genetic neural networks for quantitative structure-activity relationships: improvements and application of benzodiazepine affinity for benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 39 (26): 5246–5256. doi:10.1021/jm960536o. PMID 8978853.
Obradović AL, Joksimović S, Poe MM, Ramerstorfer J, Varagic Z, Namjoshi O, et al. (March 2014). "Sh-I-048A, an in vitro non-selective super-agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors: the approximated activation of receptor subtypes may explain behavioral effects". Brain Research. 1554: 36–48. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.036. PMC 3996760. PMID 24472579.
Cornett EM, Novitch MB, Brunk AJ, Davidson KS, Menard BL, Urman RD, Kaye AD (June 2018). "New benzodiazepines for sedation". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 32 (2): 149–164. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2018.06.007. PMID 30322456. S2CID 53501694.
Clayton T, Poe MM, Rallapalli S, Biawat P, Savić MM, Rowlett JK, et al. (2015). "A Review of the Updated Pharmacophore for the Alpha 5 GABA(A) Benzodiazepine Receptor Model". International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015: 430248. doi:10.1155/2015/430248. PMC 4657098. PMID 26682068.
Moosmann B, King LA, Auwärter V (June 2015). "Designer benzodiazepines: A new challenge". World Psychiatry. 14 (2): 248. doi:10.1002/wps.20236. PMC 4471986. PMID 26043347.
Moosmann B, Auwärter V (2018). "Designer Benzodiazepines: Another Class of New Psychoactive Substances". In Maurer H, Brandt S (eds.). New Psychoactive Substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 252. pp. 383–410. doi:10.1007/164_2018_154. ISBN 978-3-030-10560-0. PMID 30367253.
Manchester KR, Lomas EC, Waters L, Dempsey FC, Maskell PD (January 2018). "The emergence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) benzodiazepines: A review". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1002/dta.2211. PMID 28471096.
Waters L, Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Haegeman C, Haider S (May 2018). "The use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict GABA-A receptor binding of newly emerging benzodiazepines". Science & Justice. 58 (3): 219–225. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.12.004. PMID 29685303.
Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J (July 2019). "An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines". Neurotoxicology. 73: 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.015. PMID 30802466. S2CID 73461430.
Blair T, Webb GA (September 1977). "Electronic factors in the structure-activity relationship of some 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (9): 1206–1210. doi:10.1021/jm00219a019. PMID 926122.
Biagi GL, Barbaro AM, Guerra MC, Babbini M, Gaiardi M, Bartoletti M, Borea PA (February 1980). "Rm values and structure-activity relationship of benzodiazepines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 23 (2): 193–201. doi:10.1021/jm00176a016. PMID 7359533.
Catalani V, Floresta G, Botha M, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Vento A, Abbate V, Schifano F. In silico studies on recreational drugs: 3D quantitative structure activity relationship prediction of classified and de novo designer benzodiazepines. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2023 Jan;101(1):40-51. doi:10.1111/cbdd.14119 PMID 35838189
Spencer J, Rathnam RP, Chowdhry BZ (September 2010). "1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-ones in medicinal chemistry". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 2 (9): 1441–1449. doi:10.4155/fmc.10.226. PMID 21426139.

dr-bob.org

Hsiung R (July 1995). "Benzodiazepine Equivalence Charts". dr-bob.org. Archived from the original on 2009-02-09. Retrieved 2009-04-05.

gene.com

"Romazicon 2 (flumazenil) 3 Injection" (PDF). Genentech, Inc.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Moosmann B, Huppertz LM, Hutter M, Buchwald A, Ferlaino S, Auwärter V (November 2013). "Detection and identification of the designer benzodiazepine flubromazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 48 (11): 1150–1159. Bibcode:2013JMSp...48.1150M. doi:10.1002/jms.3279. PMID 24259203.

in.gov

iga.in.gov

Indiana General Assembly. "House Bill 1019 - Controlled substances". Indiana General Assembly. Retrieved 2018-02-22.

inchem.org

"Toxicological analyses". Retrieved 21 March 2013.

infoespai.org

Moosmann B, Hutter M, Huppertz LM, Auwärter V. "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepines pyrazolam and flubromazepam and study on their detectability in human serum and urine samples" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2014-11-05.

isomerdesign.com

Health Santé Canada, Federal Government of Canada (January 20, 2012). "Status Decision of Controlled and Non-Controlled Substances" (PDF). Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. 1: 2.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

Farinde A (31 July 2018). "Benzodiazepine Equivalency Table". Medscape.

mental-health-today.com

"Benzodiazepine Equivalence Chart". www.mental-health-today.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Golombok S, Lader M (August 1984). "The psychopharmacological effects of premazepam, diazepam and placebo in healthy human subjects". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 18 (2): 127–133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02444.x. PMC 1463527. PMID 6148956.
de Visser SJ, van der Post JP, de Waal PP, Cornet F, Cohen AF, van Gerven JM (January 2003). "Biomarkers for the effects of benzodiazepines in healthy volunteers". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 55 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.t01-10-01714.x. PMC 1884188. PMID 12534639.
By the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel; et al. (American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel) (November 2015). "American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 63 (11): 2227–2246. doi:10.1111/jgs.13702. PMID 26446832. S2CID 38797655.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Delcò F, Tchambaz L, Schlienger R, Drewe J, Krähenbühl S (2005). "Dose adjustment in patients with liver disease". Drug Safety. 28 (6): 529–545. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528060-00005. PMID 15924505. S2CID 9849818.
Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (August 2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID 18384456. S2CID 24453988.
Ashton H (July 1994). "Guidelines for the rational use of benzodiazepines. When and what to use". Drugs. 48 (1): 25–40. doi:10.2165/00003495-199448010-00004. PMID 7525193. S2CID 46966796.
Moylan S, Giorlando F, Nordfjærn T, Berk M (March 2012). "The role of alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder in Australia". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 46 (3): 212–224. doi:10.1177/0004867411432074. PMID 22391278. S2CID 11006795.
van Steveninck AL, Gieschke R, Schoemaker RC, Roncari G, Tuk B, Pieters MS, et al. (June 1996). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of bretazenil and diazepam with alcohol". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 41 (6): 565–573. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.38514.x. PMC 2042631. PMID 8799523.
N. Edinoff, Amber; A. Nix, Catherine; S. Odisho, Amira; P. Babin, Caroline; G. Derouen, Alyssa; C. Lutfallah, Salim; M. Cornett, Elyse; Murnane, Kevin S.; M. Kaye, Adam (22 August 2022). Müller, Thomas; Yamauchi, Junji (eds.). "Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects". Neurology International. 14 (3): 652. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053. PMC 9397074. PMID 35997362.
Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V (2014). "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 757–763. doi:10.1002/dta.1628. PMID 24604775.
Moosmann B, Huppertz LM, Hutter M, Buchwald A, Ferlaino S, Auwärter V (November 2013). "Detection and identification of the designer benzodiazepine flubromazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 48 (11): 1150–1159. Bibcode:2013JMSp...48.1150M. doi:10.1002/jms.3279. PMID 24259203.
Huppertz LM, Moosmann B, Auwärter V (January 2018). "Flubromazolam - Basic pharmacokinetic evaluation of a highly potent designer benzodiazepine". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 206–211. doi:10.1002/dta.2203. PMID 28378533.
Esmailian M, Ahmadi O, Taheri M, Zamani M (September 2015). "Comparison of haloperidol and midazolam in restless management of patients referred to the Emergency Department: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial". Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 20 (9): 844–849. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003079.pub4. PMC 6486117. PMID 29219171.
Barzaghi N, Leone L, Monteleone M, Tomasini G, Perucca E (1989). "Pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam, a novel benzodiazepine drug, in normal subjects". European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 14 (4): 293–298. doi:10.1007/BF03190114. PMID 2633923. S2CID 20710732.
Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J (August 1985). "Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 20 (2): 119–128. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05041.x. PMC 1400680. PMID 2864049.
Vale JA, Kulig K (2004). "Position paper: gastric lavage". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 42 (7): 933–943. doi:10.1081/CLT-200045006. PMID 15641639. S2CID 29957973.
Sternbach LH (January 1979). "The benzodiazepine story". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 22 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1021/jm00187a001. PMID 34039.
Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Odisho AS, Babin CP, Derouen AG, Lutfallah SC, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects. Neurol Int. 2022 Aug 22;14(3):648-663. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053 PMID 35997362
Yu X, Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ. Designer benzodiazepines: an update. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;16(2):109-117. doi:10.1080/17512433.2023.2170349 PMID 36649662
Thakur A, Thakur M, Khadikar P (November 2003). "Topological modeling of benzodiazepine receptor binding". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (23): 5203–5207. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.014. PMID 14604684.
So SS, Karplus M (December 1996). "Genetic neural networks for quantitative structure-activity relationships: improvements and application of benzodiazepine affinity for benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 39 (26): 5246–5256. doi:10.1021/jm960536o. PMID 8978853.
Obradović AL, Joksimović S, Poe MM, Ramerstorfer J, Varagic Z, Namjoshi O, et al. (March 2014). "Sh-I-048A, an in vitro non-selective super-agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors: the approximated activation of receptor subtypes may explain behavioral effects". Brain Research. 1554: 36–48. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.036. PMC 3996760. PMID 24472579.
Cornett EM, Novitch MB, Brunk AJ, Davidson KS, Menard BL, Urman RD, Kaye AD (June 2018). "New benzodiazepines for sedation". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 32 (2): 149–164. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2018.06.007. PMID 30322456. S2CID 53501694.
Clayton T, Poe MM, Rallapalli S, Biawat P, Savić MM, Rowlett JK, et al. (2015). "A Review of the Updated Pharmacophore for the Alpha 5 GABA(A) Benzodiazepine Receptor Model". International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015: 430248. doi:10.1155/2015/430248. PMC 4657098. PMID 26682068.
Moosmann B, King LA, Auwärter V (June 2015). "Designer benzodiazepines: A new challenge". World Psychiatry. 14 (2): 248. doi:10.1002/wps.20236. PMC 4471986. PMID 26043347.
Moosmann B, Auwärter V (2018). "Designer Benzodiazepines: Another Class of New Psychoactive Substances". In Maurer H, Brandt S (eds.). New Psychoactive Substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 252. pp. 383–410. doi:10.1007/164_2018_154. ISBN 978-3-030-10560-0. PMID 30367253.
Manchester KR, Lomas EC, Waters L, Dempsey FC, Maskell PD (January 2018). "The emergence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) benzodiazepines: A review". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1002/dta.2211. PMID 28471096.
Waters L, Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Haegeman C, Haider S (May 2018). "The use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict GABA-A receptor binding of newly emerging benzodiazepines". Science & Justice. 58 (3): 219–225. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.12.004. PMID 29685303.
Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J (July 2019). "An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines". Neurotoxicology. 73: 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.015. PMID 30802466. S2CID 73461430.
Blair T, Webb GA (September 1977). "Electronic factors in the structure-activity relationship of some 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (9): 1206–1210. doi:10.1021/jm00219a019. PMID 926122.
Biagi GL, Barbaro AM, Guerra MC, Babbini M, Gaiardi M, Bartoletti M, Borea PA (February 1980). "Rm values and structure-activity relationship of benzodiazepines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 23 (2): 193–201. doi:10.1021/jm00176a016. PMID 7359533.
Catalani V, Floresta G, Botha M, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Vento A, Abbate V, Schifano F. In silico studies on recreational drugs: 3D quantitative structure activity relationship prediction of classified and de novo designer benzodiazepines. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2023 Jan;101(1):40-51. doi:10.1111/cbdd.14119 PMID 35838189
Spencer J, Rathnam RP, Chowdhry BZ (September 2010). "1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-ones in medicinal chemistry". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 2 (9): 1441–1449. doi:10.4155/fmc.10.226. PMID 21426139.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Golombok S, Lader M (August 1984). "The psychopharmacological effects of premazepam, diazepam and placebo in healthy human subjects". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 18 (2): 127–133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02444.x. PMC 1463527. PMID 6148956.
de Visser SJ, van der Post JP, de Waal PP, Cornet F, Cohen AF, van Gerven JM (January 2003). "Biomarkers for the effects of benzodiazepines in healthy volunteers". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 55 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.t01-10-01714.x. PMC 1884188. PMID 12534639.
van Steveninck AL, Gieschke R, Schoemaker RC, Roncari G, Tuk B, Pieters MS, et al. (June 1996). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of bretazenil and diazepam with alcohol". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 41 (6): 565–573. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.38514.x. PMC 2042631. PMID 8799523.
N. Edinoff, Amber; A. Nix, Catherine; S. Odisho, Amira; P. Babin, Caroline; G. Derouen, Alyssa; C. Lutfallah, Salim; M. Cornett, Elyse; Murnane, Kevin S.; M. Kaye, Adam (22 August 2022). Müller, Thomas; Yamauchi, Junji (eds.). "Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects". Neurology International. 14 (3): 652. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053. PMC 9397074. PMID 35997362.
Esmailian M, Ahmadi O, Taheri M, Zamani M (September 2015). "Comparison of haloperidol and midazolam in restless management of patients referred to the Emergency Department: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial". Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 20 (9): 844–849. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003079.pub4. PMC 6486117. PMID 29219171.
Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J (August 1985). "Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 20 (2): 119–128. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05041.x. PMC 1400680. PMID 2864049.
Obradović AL, Joksimović S, Poe MM, Ramerstorfer J, Varagic Z, Namjoshi O, et al. (March 2014). "Sh-I-048A, an in vitro non-selective super-agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors: the approximated activation of receptor subtypes may explain behavioral effects". Brain Research. 1554: 36–48. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.036. PMC 3996760. PMID 24472579.
Clayton T, Poe MM, Rallapalli S, Biawat P, Savić MM, Rowlett JK, et al. (2015). "A Review of the Updated Pharmacophore for the Alpha 5 GABA(A) Benzodiazepine Receptor Model". International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015: 430248. doi:10.1155/2015/430248. PMC 4657098. PMID 26682068.
Moosmann B, King LA, Auwärter V (June 2015). "Designer benzodiazepines: A new challenge". World Psychiatry. 14 (2): 248. doi:10.1002/wps.20236. PMC 4471986. PMID 26043347.

dailymed.nlm.nih.gov

"Flumazenil Injection, Solution [App Pharmaceuticals, Llc]". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2014-08-15.

nmslabs.com

"NMS Labs Report" (PDF). NMS Labs. Retrieved 19 April 2022.

non-benzodiazepines.org.uk

"Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
"Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2009-05-31.

sahealth.sa.gov.au

"Benzodiazepines Information for GPs" (PDF). Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

By the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel; et al. (American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel) (November 2015). "American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 63 (11): 2227–2246. doi:10.1111/jgs.13702. PMID 26446832. S2CID 38797655.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Delcò F, Tchambaz L, Schlienger R, Drewe J, Krähenbühl S (2005). "Dose adjustment in patients with liver disease". Drug Safety. 28 (6): 529–545. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528060-00005. PMID 15924505. S2CID 9849818.
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