List of journalists killed in the Philippines (English Wikipedia)

2017 Bolongaita case:
—A. Doydora (September 22, 2017). "DJ who traced roots to Bohol shot dead in Cebu". The Bohol Chronicle.
—Delta Dyrecka Letigio (September 11, 2018). "Accused pleads not guilty to Maxi slay". Cebu Daily News.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

books.google.com

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1991. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office. February 1992. p. 964. ISBN 0-16-037393-X. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via Google Books.
United States Department of State (April 2008). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2006, Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1047–1048. Retrieved October 30, 2022 – via Google Books.

The source mistakenly mentioned the case of Edward Balida, a journalist based in Valencia, Bukidnon, who survived an assassination attempt in August 2004.

bulatlat.com

Ronalyn Olea (September 2003). "71 Journalists Killed Since 1986". Bulatlat. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
Andres Rebana (December 2003). "Media Killings Getting Out of Control". Bulatlat. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
Ronalyn Olea (March 11, 2011). "Kin of 5 Slain Journalists File Raps Vs. Philippine Gov't Before UN Body". Bulatlat. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
Aubrey SC Makilan (November 2004). "'Grief and Rage in the Midst of Storm'". Bulatlat. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

Information and list (2004) are from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines.

cebucitizenspresscouncil.org

"Incidents of violence and harassment against journalists". Cebu Citizens-Press Council. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

cebujournalism.org

Joeberth Ocao (July 15, 2017). "Messenger silenced". Cebu Journalism and Journalists. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

chanrobles.com

lawlibrary.chanrobles.com

2010 Belen case:
—Carlos Conde (February 9, 2015). "Dispatches: Jailing the Philippines' Elusive Journalist Killers". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
—"Decision in the Belen murder case". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. February 5, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2022 – via Scribd.
—"G.R. No. 230356". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. September 18, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.

cmfr-phil.org

"Florante de Castro, killed 1984, not 1986". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. December 11, 2006. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
"Women in media: Ten women killed for their work as journalists (1990-2014)". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. April 30, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
2009 Perez case:
"Batangas Court Acquits Suspect in 2009 Broadcaster Killing". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. April 15, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
"Philippine Press Freedom Report, September 2006–July 2007 (PDF)" (PDF). Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
2004 Hinolan case:
"Former Mayor Convicted for 2004 Killing of Broadcaster". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. August 12, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
"Philippine Press Freedom Report 2008 (PDF)". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
2013 Tabanao case:
"Radio anchor shot dead in Cebu City". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. September 19, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
2013 Milo case:
—"Second radio anchor killed in a week". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. December 9, 2013.
—"Estranged wife and police officer accused of murdering radio broadcaster". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. December 13, 2013.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.
"Four dead, other media workers without shelter and supplies after super typhoon". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. November 14, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
- "CMFR Database On Media Affected by Typhoon Yolanda". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2023 – via Scribd.
- "In the Philippines: Three Journalists Were Killed for Their Work in 2015". CMFR. January 6, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
- 2018 Cano and Lacsamana cases:
  —Richel Umel (June 25, 2018). "Philippines: 2 Media Workers Shot Dead". BenarNews.
  —Artemio Dumlao (June 26, 2018). "2 media workers slain in Cabanatuan, Marawi". Philstar.com.
  —"Media Workers Killed in Two Separate Shootings". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. July 2, 2018.
  All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.
- 2018 Barellano case:
  —"Radioman's last words: 'Love, give me justice'". Panay News. July 2, 2018.
  —"Radio Reporter Shot Dead in Negros Occidental". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. July 2, 2018.
  —"Radio journalist gunned down in Philippines". RadioInfo. July 6, 2018.
  All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.
- 2019 Patindol case:
  —Alexander D. Lopez (April 23, 2019). "Manhunt on against suspect in radio commentator killing". The Manila Times – via PressReader.
  —"Radio Blocktimer Killed in Butuan City". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. April 29, 2019.
  All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

cnnphilippines.com

"PH continues to be dangerous for journalists in 2023 – media watchdog". CNN Philippines. November 4, 2023. Archived from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
M.H. Midtimbang, 2023:
- "Radio anchor killed in Cotabato City". CNN Philippines. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.

coconuts.co

2018 Amo case:
—Cet Dematera (November 12, 2018). "STAR correspondent stabbed dead in Albay". The Philippine Star.
—"'Philippine Star' journalist dies from stabbing". Coconuts Manila. November 12, 2018.
—"Killer of Philippine Star correspondent gets 8 years after plea bargain". Abogado. April 30, 2021.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

core.ac.uk

Loo, Eric (2005). "Filipino journalists speak out and pay the price" (PDF). CORE. Research Online, University of Wollongong. Retrieved September 2, 2023.

countercurrents.org

E. San Juan Jr. (September 22, 2008). "US Backed Arroyo Regime Terrorizes Media And Artists In The Philippines". countercurrents.org. Retrieved October 19, 2022.

Information on Damalerio & Alcantara (2002), Gregorio (2003), and Binoya (2004) are from International Federation of Journalists; on Villanueva & Sanchez (2005) are from UNESCO.

cpj.org

"CPJ data (as of December 2023)". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
2005 Amoro case:
—"Philippine court jails gunman of slain journalist". Reuters. January 29, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Statement: Conviction welcomed in 2005 murder case". Committee to Protect Journalists. January 29, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
"Four journalists killed, six missing in Philippine storm". Committee to Protect Journalists. November 15, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2023.

dandc.eu

Alan Robles (April 5, 2009). "Media massacre". Development and Cooperation (D+C). Retrieved October 19, 2022.

Information are from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines.

davaotoday.com

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.

doi.org

"Philippines press toll (Feb. 1986–Feb. 1990)". Index on Censorship. February 1990. doi:10.1080/03064229008534777. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.
"Journalists killed in 1990". Index on Censorship. February 1991. doi:10.1080/03064229108535045. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.

List is from International Federation of Journalists.
"Index". Index on Censorship. 19 (9): 37–41. September 1990. doi:10.1080/03064229008534961. S2CID 220930921. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.

Information are from International PEN.
"Index". Index on Censorship. 23 (1–2): 230–253. January–February 1994. doi:10.1080/03064229408535677. S2CID 220442392.

Information are from Philippine Press Freedom Advocate.

dokumen.tips

List (1986–2014) from Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility:
—"List of journalists/media workers killed in the line of duty in the Philippines since 1986 (as of November 2014)" CMFR. 2015. (Link 1) Retrieved 2022-10-25 – via FDocuments (India). (Link 2) Retrieved 2022-10-31 – via Dokumen (Indonesia).

ed.gov

files.eric.ed.gov

Donald L. Guimary (August 1989). "The Philippine Press after Marcos: Restored Freedoms and New Problems (PDF)" (PDF). Retrieved October 27, 2022 – via Education Resources Information Center.

ederic.net

Ederic Eder (September 12, 2003). "Stop Killing Journalists". ederic.net. Retrieved October 28, 2022.

edgedavao.net

Antonio Figueroa (June 18, 2018). "Fast Backward: A brief history of Davao's media killings". Edge Davao. Retrieved October 21, 2022.

fdocuments.in

List (1986–2014) from Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility:
—"List of journalists/media workers killed in the line of duty in the Philippines since 1986 (as of November 2014)" CMFR. 2015. (Link 1) Retrieved 2022-10-25 – via FDocuments (India). (Link 2) Retrieved 2022-10-31 – via Dokumen (Indonesia).

gmanetwork.com

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.
2004 Misajon case:
—GMA News (September 26, 2007). "Suspect in 2004 killing of GMA provincial news anchor falls". GMA News. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Erly C. Garcia. "Cops nab fourth suspect in newscaster's killing". The News Today. Iloilo City. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Nestor P. Burgos Jr. (January 18, 2013). "3 convicted of robbing, killing TV news anchor". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
"Press club gives Aquino grade of 80% in running after journalists' killers". GMA News. December 17, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2022.

Information are from National Press Club.

hrmatter.wordpress.com

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.

hrvvmemcom.gov.ph

"The Marcos Regime and the Making of a Subservient Philippine Press (Part 2)". Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission. Government of the Philippines. October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

hrw.org

Phelim Kine (October 14, 2016). "Philippines Launches Inquiry Into Journalist Killings". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
2010 Belen case:
—Carlos Conde (February 9, 2015). "Dispatches: Jailing the Philippines' Elusive Journalist Killers". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
—"Decision in the Belen murder case". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. February 5, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2022 – via Scribd.
—"G.R. No. 230356". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. September 18, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
""No Justice Just Adds to the Pain": Killings, Disappearances, and Impunity in the Philippines". Human Rights Watch. July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2022. Out of hundreds of killings and enforced disappearances since 2001, there have been only seven successfully prosecuted cases, resulting in the conviction of 12 defendants.
"Philippines: Surge of Journalist Killings, Justice Failures". Human Rights Watch. January 21, 2014. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
- "World Report 2014: Events of 2013 (PDF)" (PDF). hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- Phelim Kine (January 8, 2015). "Dispatches: A Deadly Start to 2015 for Philippine Journalists". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
- 2013 Kho–Loreto and Sy cases:
  - "Philippines: Spate of Journalist Killings". Human Rights Watch. August 8, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  - 2013 Dignos, Milo, and Butalid cases:
    - Denver Nicks (December 11, 2013). "12 Journalists Killed in the Philippines This Year, Says Human Rights Watch". Time. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
      - Carlos Conde (December 11, 2013). "Dispatches: The War Against Journalists in the Philippines". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved November 13, 2023.

ifex.org

On an abduction case of a journalist in 2001:
—Lino de la Cruz (September 4, 2001). "Criminal group abducts radioman to 'lecture'". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (September 6, 2001). "Kidnapped broadcaster released after three days in captivity". IFEX. Retrieved October 28, 2022.

ifj.org

"IFJ Report: A Dangerous Profession: Press freedom under fire in the Philippines (PDF)" (PDF). International Federation of Journalists. 2005. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

This publication includes the list of journalists killed (1986–Mar. 2005), same as that by National Union of Journalists of the Philippines. Also cited were Bulatlat, Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility, and the defunct Philippine Movement for Press Freedom. Detailed in this publication: Damalerio (2002), Pobeda (2003), Endrinal & Binoya (2005); as well as Bancairin (1998), Palma (1999), & Amoro (2005).
2009 Maguindanao massacre case:
—"Ampatuan Massacre, Five Years On (PDF)" (PDF). International Federation of Journalists. 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Massacre in the Philippines: International Solidarity Mission Rapid Assessment, Dec. 2009". International Federation of Journalists. 2009. Retrieved October 31, 2022 – via Issuu.

These publications include the list of journalists killed (1986–Jan. 2015), citing the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines.
"In Mortal Danger: Journalists & Media Staff Killed in 2013 (PDF)" (PDF). ifj.org. International Federation of Journalists. 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
2022 Killed List (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: International Federation of Journalists. 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.

inquirer.net

newsinfo.inquirer.net

Inquirer Research (March 25, 2011). "In the know: PH third in 2010 Impunity Index". Inquirer.net. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
Philippine Daily Inquirer (June 11, 2014). "What Went Before: Media killings under Aquino administration". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 19, 2022.

Information are from: Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility on 2014 cases; Committee to Protect Journalists on 2011 Ortega case.
2013 Solijon case:
Richel Umel (August 30, 2013). "Radioman shot dead in Iligan City". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
Orlando Dinoy (August 10, 2011). "Suspect in slaying of broadcaster still free; case archived". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

Information are from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines.
2004 Misajon case:
—GMA News (September 26, 2007). "Suspect in 2004 killing of GMA provincial news anchor falls". GMA News. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Erly C. Garcia. "Cops nab fourth suspect in newscaster's killing". The News Today. Iloilo City. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Nestor P. Burgos Jr. (January 18, 2013). "3 convicted of robbing, killing TV news anchor". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
C. Bunduquin, 2023:
- John Eric Mendoza; Madonna Virola (May 31, 2023). "Radio broadcaster shot dead in Oriental Mindoro". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
opinion.inquirer.net
- Philippine Daily Inquirer (September 4, 2015). "Editorial: Still under attack". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
- Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.
  
  Citing the following sources:
  —"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
  —John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
  —Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.
  
  All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.
  
  "G.R. No. 251693"
  —Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
  —Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
  All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.
  
  Other sources:
  —"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  —"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.
cebudailynews.inquirer.net
- 2017 Bolongaita case:
  —A. Doydora (September 22, 2017). "DJ who traced roots to Bohol shot dead in Cebu". The Bohol Chronicle.
  —Delta Dyrecka Letigio (September 11, 2018). "Accused pleads not guilty to Maxi slay". Cebu Daily News.
  All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

ipsnews.net

IPS correspondents (May 8, 1996). "Asia-Media: Reporters Pay a Deadly Price For Doing Their Jobs". Inter Press Service. Retrieved October 28, 2022. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)

issuu.com

Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.
2009 Maguindanao massacre case:
—"Ampatuan Massacre, Five Years On (PDF)" (PDF). International Federation of Journalists. 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Massacre in the Philippines: International Solidarity Mission Rapid Assessment, Dec. 2009". International Federation of Journalists. 2009. Retrieved October 31, 2022 – via Issuu.

These publications include the list of journalists killed (1986–Jan. 2015), citing the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines.

iupui.edu

scholarworks.iupui.edu

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.

judiciary.gov.ph

sc.judiciary.gov.ph

Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.

lawphil.net

Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.

lowyinstitute.org

Makoi Popioco (December 24, 2021). "Filipino journalists can only take risks equal to their protections". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. Retrieved November 6, 2023.

mabuhayonline.blogspot.com

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.

news.blog

karolmabazza.news.blog

Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.

nytimes.com

Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.
Conde, Carlos H. (June 16, 2010). "Radio Journalist Slain in Philippines". New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2011.

panaynews.net

2018 Barellano case:
—"Radioman's last words: 'Love, give me justice'". Panay News. July 2, 2018.
—"Radio Reporter Shot Dead in Negros Occidental". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. July 2, 2018.
—"Radio journalist gunned down in Philippines". RadioInfo. July 6, 2018.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

pcij.org

old.pcij.org

"Maguindanao massacre, year 4 (Part 1 of 2): 23 journalists killed in 40 months of PNoy, worst case load since '86". Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. November 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
"Tell us there's no impunity". The PCIJ Blog. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. May 7, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2022.

List from Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility, now outdated. Two entries in this list were excluded later: de Castro (1986) and Villanueva (2005); ten were added in updated list.
"Maguindanao massacre, year 4 (Part 2 of 2): Media murders: Few suspects in jail, few cases in court, conviction rate low". Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. November 21, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
2012 Cauzo case:
Ed Lingao (November 21, 2013). "Maguindanao massacre, year 4 (Sidebar): A widow's story". Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved October 20, 2022.

pcij.org

Percy Lapid, 2022:
- Salazar, Cherry; Baluis, Aaron (November 13, 2023). "'Nasaan si Bantag?' Timeline of Percy Lapid's slay case (updated, as of May 2024)". pcij.org. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved May 6, 2024.

philrights.org

2006 Melendrez case is mentioned:
"Murder, She Wrought (PDF)" (PDF). PhilRights. Philippine Human Rights Information Center. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

philstar.com

Xinhua News Agency (February 20, 2014). "Philippines has world's third most killings of journalists". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
Janvic Mateo (November 3, 2023). "Philippines still among worst countries for journalists". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
Max Soliven (May 17, 2005). "By The Way: A wishy-washy, weepy government gets no respect from killers". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
1998 Llasos and 2004 Misajon cases:
Antonieta Lopez (October 11, 2004). "Iloilo journalist's rob-slay suspect yields". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
On an abduction case of a journalist in 2001:
—Lino de la Cruz (September 4, 2001). "Criminal group abducts radioman to 'lecture'". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (September 6, 2001). "Kidnapped broadcaster released after three days in captivity". IFEX. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
2004 Abayon and Consignado cases:
Rene Alviar (August 14, 2004). "Bukidnon radioman shot". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
2004 Villanueva case:
—Sara Soliven de Guzman (September 29, 2004). "Opinion: When you can be murdered on the bus for a cellphone, this isn't a strong Republic!". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—"Committee Report No. 92 (PDF)" (PDF). Senate of the Philippines. Government of the Philippines. August 28, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
2010 Daguio case:
—Ricky Tulipat (July 12, 2010). "Killer ng ex-brodkaster nadakma". Philstar.com (in Tagalog).
—Charlie Lagasca (July 31, 2010). "Suspect in journalist's killing found dead". Philstar.com.
—Charlie Lagasca (August 2, 2010). "Slain Kalinga radio man's kin seek police protection". Philstar.com.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.
2010 Cruz case:
Manny Galvez (August 11, 2010). "Female writer charged for publisher's slay". Philstar.com. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
2011 Pascual case:
—Villamor Visaya Jr. (October 13, 2012). "Media man's killer falls". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via PressReader.
—Charlie Lagasca (October 11, 2012). "Isabela bank exec's killer falls". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
2017 Marasigan case:
—Audrey Morallo (August 4, 2017). "BusinessWorld ex-editor, brother shot dead in San Juan City". Philstar.com.
—Non Alquitran (August 4, 2017). "PR man for Dominguez, Floirendo murdered". Philstar.com.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.
2018 Cano and Lacsamana cases:
—Richel Umel (June 25, 2018). "Philippines: 2 Media Workers Shot Dead". BenarNews.
—Artemio Dumlao (June 26, 2018). "2 media workers slain in Cabanatuan, Marawi". Philstar.com.
—"Media Workers Killed in Two Separate Shootings". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. July 2, 2018.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.
2018 Amo case:
—Cet Dematera (November 12, 2018). "STAR correspondent stabbed dead in Albay". The Philippine Star.
—"'Philippine Star' journalist dies from stabbing". Coconuts Manila. November 12, 2018.
—"Killer of Philippine Star correspondent gets 8 years after plea bargain". Abogado. April 30, 2021.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

pna.gov.ph

Ruth Abbey Gita–Carlos (August 23, 2023). "Slain Muslim in Cotabato City not a journo: PTFoMS". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
E. Dizon, 2019:
- Fernandez, Edwin; Tabugoc, John Andrew (March 9, 2024). "Davao court acquits 1 of 3 suspects in murder of Kidapawan radioman". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 9, 2024.

pressreader.com

2011 Pascual case:
—Villamor Visaya Jr. (October 13, 2012). "Media man's killer falls". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via PressReader.
—Charlie Lagasca (October 11, 2012). "Isabela bank exec's killer falls". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
2019 Patindol case:
—Alexander D. Lopez (April 23, 2019). "Manhunt on against suspect in radio commentator killing". The Manila Times – via PressReader.
—"Radio Blocktimer Killed in Butuan City". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. April 29, 2019.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

radioinfo.asia

2018 Barellano case:
—"Radioman's last words: 'Love, give me justice'". Panay News. July 2, 2018.
—"Radio Reporter Shot Dead in Negros Occidental". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. July 2, 2018.
—"Radio journalist gunned down in Philippines". RadioInfo. July 6, 2018.
All were retrieved Nov 1, 2022.

rappler.com

Jairo Bolledo (July 23, 2022). "In Numbers: Filipino journalists killed since 1986". Rappler. Retrieved October 17, 2022.

Article updated until November 2023.
Angela Casauay (February 19, 2014). "PH 3rd most dangerous country for journalists in 2013". Rappler. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
Jazmin Bonifacio (November 8, 2022). "Tacloban media commemorate Yolanda by urging social security safety nets". Rappler. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
Ayee Macaraig (November 13, 2013). "'Until the end, Tacloban journalists did job'". Rappler. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
F. Gempesaw, 2022:
- Quilinguing, Uriel (October 31, 2023). "Police arrest suspect in 2022 murder of Cagayan de Oro radio commentator". Rappler. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- J. Jumalon, 2023:
  - Bonz Magsambol (November 5, 2023). "Broadcaster shot dead in Misamis Occidental while on air". Rappler. Retrieved November 5, 2023.

refworld.org

Reporters Without Borders (May 3, 2002). "Reporters Without Borders Annual Report 2002 - Philippines". Refworld. UNHCR. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
Reporters Without Borders (2003). "Reporters Without Borders Annual Report 2003 - Philippines". Refworld. UNHCR. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
Committee to Protect Journalists (February 2004). "Attacks on the Press in 2003 - Philippines". Refworld. UNHCR. Retrieved October 19, 2022.

reuters.com

Karen Lema (November 5, 2023). "Philippines' Marcos condemns killing of journalist, orders investigation". Reuters. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
2005 Amoro case:
—"Philippine court jails gunman of slain journalist". Reuters. January 29, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Statement: Conviction welcomed in 2005 murder case". Committee to Protect Journalists. January 29, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

rsf.org

"52 journalists killed since the return to democracy in 1986". rsf.org. Reporters Sans Frontières. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2007.
"Philippines: An end to impunity; Justice for Marlene Esperat and the 51 other journalists killed since 1986 (PDF)" (PDF). Reporters Without Borders. Paris. 2005. Retrieved October 22, 2022.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

"Philippines press toll (Feb. 1986–Feb. 1990)". Index on Censorship. February 1990. doi:10.1080/03064229008534777. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.
"Journalists killed in 1990". Index on Censorship. February 1991. doi:10.1080/03064229108535045. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.

List is from International Federation of Journalists.
"Index". Index on Censorship. 19 (9): 37–41. September 1990. doi:10.1080/03064229008534961. S2CID 220930921. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.

Information are from International PEN.

sanaysaynigorio.blogspot.com

Gregorio V. Bituin Jr. (November 24, 2009). "Ang dyornalista bilang birador". Sanaysay ni Gorio (in Tagalog). Retrieved October 28, 2022. (Originally published as an article for the Diario Uno newspaper in 1998.)

scribd.com

"PTFoMS 2020: Reinforced, Reloaded. Accomplishment Report (Oct. 2016–Jan. 2020)". Presidential Task Force on Media Security. Office of the President of the Philippines. 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2022 – via Scribd.
2010 Belen case:
—Carlos Conde (February 9, 2015). "Dispatches: Jailing the Philippines' Elusive Journalist Killers". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
—"Decision in the Belen murder case". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. February 5, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2022 – via Scribd.
—"G.R. No. 230356". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. September 18, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
"Four dead, other media workers without shelter and supplies after super typhoon". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. November 14, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
- "CMFR Database On Media Affected by Typhoon Yolanda". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2023 – via Scribd.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

"Index". Index on Censorship. 19 (9): 37–41. September 1990. doi:10.1080/03064229008534961. S2CID 220930921. Retrieved October 28, 2022 – via SAGE Journals.

Information are from International PEN.
"Index". Index on Censorship. 23 (1–2): 230–253. January–February 1994. doi:10.1080/03064229408535677. S2CID 220442392.

Information are from Philippine Press Freedom Advocate.

senate.gov.ph

legacy.senate.gov.ph

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.
Miriam Defensor Santiago. "Senate Resolution (PDF)" (PDF). Senate of the Philippines. Government of the Philippines. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
2004 Villanueva case:
—Sara Soliven de Guzman (September 29, 2004). "Opinion: When you can be murdered on the bus for a cellphone, this isn't a strong Republic!". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—"Committee Report No. 92 (PDF)" (PDF). Senate of the Philippines. Government of the Philippines. August 28, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2022.

issuances-library.senate.gov.ph

1991 Enciso case:
—"Soldiers kill Philippine newsman". United Press International. May 27, 1991. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—"Senate Resolution No. 127, s. 1991". Senate of the Philippines, Legislative Digital Resources. Government of the Philippines. June 3, 1993. Retrieved October 28, 2022.

state.gov

2009-2017.state.gov

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (March 11, 2010). "2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Philippines". United States Department of State. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved September 2, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

sunstar.com.ph

Merlinda A. Pedrosa (July 18, 2010). "Negros Press Club, police to work on media safety". SunStar. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
Philippine News Agency (June 23, 2015). "Tacloban City honors journalists killed by Yolanda". SunStar. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
Ma. Vilma Rodriguez, 2024:
- "Broadcast journalist killed in Zamboanga City". SunStar. October 23, 2024. Retrieved October 23, 2024.

taipeitimes.com

Agence France-Presse (August 14, 2004). "Philippine journalists under fire". Taipei Times. Retrieved October 25, 2022.

theaseanpost.com

The ASEAN Post Team (August 13, 2019). "Journalists still dying in the Philippines". The ASEAN Post. Retrieved October 19, 2022.

thebaron.info

Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.

thefreelibrary.com

List (1986–2014) and information from National Union of Journalists of the Philippines:
—Nonoy Espina (September 22, 2014). "Media Killings Continue in the Philippines". Human Rights Matter. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—"List of Filipino journalists killed (1986–Jan. 6, 2012)". Mabuhay Online. Bulacan. January 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
—"Bloody Milestone: NUJP Reminders 100 Dead Journalists". Davao Today. March 15, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (February 8, 2007). "Press release". Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
—Katie O'Keefe (September 1, 2005). "Under fire". Quill (via The Free Library). Retrieved October 21, 2022.

Under the Arroyo administration:
—"Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration". GMA News. February 19, 2007.

Similar list were mentioned in the sources:
—"Briefing paper for the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (PDF)" (PDF). Coalition to Stop Child Detention through Restorative Justice (Philippines). 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2022 – via IUPUI ScholarWorks.

thenewstoday.info

2004 Misajon case:
—GMA News (September 26, 2007). "Suspect in 2004 killing of GMA provincial news anchor falls". GMA News. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Erly C. Garcia. "Cops nab fourth suspect in newscaster's killing". The News Today. Iloilo City. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—Nestor P. Burgos Jr. (January 18, 2013). "3 convicted of robbing, killing TV news anchor". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 28, 2022.

time.com

world.time.com

2013 Dignos, Milo, and Butalid cases:
- Denver Nicks (December 11, 2013). "12 Journalists Killed in the Philippines This Year, Says Human Rights Watch". Time. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  - Carlos Conde (December 11, 2013). "Dispatches: The War Against Journalists in the Philippines". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved November 13, 2023.

ucanews.com

Joe Torres (January 8, 2016). "Philippines 'remains dangerous for journalists'". UCA News. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
"Killings of journalists rose during Ramos' first year". UCA News. September 20, 1993. Retrieved October 19, 2022.

Information are from Philippine Movement for Press Freedom.

unesco.org

"Director-General condemns killing of radio journalist Renante Cortes in the Philippines". UNESCO. January 25, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
"Director-General urges investigation into murder of broadcaster Jaynard Angeles in the Philippines". UNESCO. January 25, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2023.

en.unesco.org

"UNESCO data (as of December 2023)". UNESCO. Retrieved October 17, 2022.

upi.com

1991 Enciso case:
—"Soldiers kill Philippine newsman". United Press International. May 27, 1991. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
—"Senate Resolution No. 127, s. 1991". Senate of the Philippines, Legislative Digital Resources. Government of the Philippines. June 3, 1993. Retrieved October 28, 2022.

verafiles.org

"Vera Files fact check: Media groups err on figures on media killings; Roque claim on press freedom wrong". Vera Files. May 9, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2022.

Information are from the data provided by Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility, National Union of Journalists of the Philippines, and Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.

washingtonpost.com

"Journalists Appeal to Marcos". The Washington Post. August 31, 1985. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
Karol Mabazza (March 15, 2021). "The lost legacy". Karol Mabazza Blog.

Citing the following sources:
—"2 Journalists Are Slain By Philippine Rebels". The New York Times. New York City. Reuters. April 25, 1986.
—John Burgess (April 26, 1986). "Manila Pledges To Punish Rebels". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.
—Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (January 17, 2013). "Opinion: Don't ride with armed groups and marked prey". Inquirer.net.

All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-22.

"G.R. No. 251693"
—Documents submitted for compliance (including Amended Information, dated Oct. 24, 1986) (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. 2020-03-11.
—Decision. 2020-09-28. (1) PDF file from The LawPhil Project. (2) Another link from Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
All aforementioned were retrieved 2022-10-31.

Other sources:
—"Wilfredo Vicoy". The Baron. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
—"Willie Vicoy Widely Mourned". The Correspondent. Hong Kong: Foreign Correspondents' Club. June 1986. Retrieved October 22, 2022 – via Issuu.

web.archive.org

"52 journalists killed since the return to democracy in 1986". rsf.org. Reporters Sans Frontières. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2007.
"PH continues to be dangerous for journalists in 2023 – media watchdog". CNN Philippines. November 4, 2023. Archived from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
"Filipino Jounalists [sic] Killed (1986–2005)". Media Museum. Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication. 2013. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
M.H. Midtimbang, 2023:
- "Radio anchor killed in Cotabato City". CNN Philippines. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.

List of journalists killed in the Philippines (English Wikipedia)

abogado.com.ph

abs-cbn.com

news.abs-cbn.com

aijc.com.ph

commmedia.aijc.com.ph

apnews.com

asiasentinel.com

benarnews.org

boholchronicle.com.ph

books.google.com

bulatlat.com

cebucitizenspresscouncil.org

cebujournalism.org

chanrobles.com

lawlibrary.chanrobles.com

cmfr-phil.org

cnnphilippines.com

coconuts.co

core.ac.uk

countercurrents.org

cpj.org

dandc.eu

davaotoday.com

doi.org

dokumen.tips

ed.gov

files.eric.ed.gov

ederic.net

edgedavao.net

fdocuments.in

gmanetwork.com

hrmatter.wordpress.com

hrvvmemcom.gov.ph

hrw.org

ifex.org

ifj.org

inquirer.net

newsinfo.inquirer.net

opinion.inquirer.net

cebudailynews.inquirer.net

ipsnews.net

issuu.com

iupui.edu

scholarworks.iupui.edu

judiciary.gov.ph

sc.judiciary.gov.ph

lawphil.net

lowyinstitute.org

mabuhayonline.blogspot.com

news.blog

karolmabazza.news.blog

nytimes.com

panaynews.net

pcij.org

old.pcij.org

pcij.org

philrights.org

philstar.com

pna.gov.ph

pressreader.com

radioinfo.asia

rappler.com

refworld.org

reuters.com

rsf.org

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

sanaysaynigorio.blogspot.com

scribd.com

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

senate.gov.ph

legacy.senate.gov.ph

issuances-library.senate.gov.ph

state.gov

2009-2017.state.gov

sunstar.com.ph

taipeitimes.com

theaseanpost.com