List of mergers and acquisitions by Yahoo! (English Wikipedia)

Olsen, Stefanie (2004-07-12). "Yahoo acquires Oddpost to bolster e-mail". CNET. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Kawamoto, Dawn (2005-07-25). "Yahoo acquires 'widget' engine". CNET. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

nielsen-netratings.com

"Successful Sites Drive High Visitor Retention Rates" (PDF). Nielsen Media Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2008-05-04.

nytimes.com

Helft, Miguel (2007-06-19). "Yahoo's Chief Resigns, and a Founder Takes Over". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-04.

pando.com

"Yahoo Acquires Quikio". Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2014-07-07.

pehub.com

Dorbian, Iris (2022-09-07). "Apollo-backed Yahoo acquires news rating company The Factual". PE Hub. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

playerscale.com

"Yahoo's Acquires Online Gaming Startup Playerscale". Archived from the original on 2011-09-25. Retrieved 2013-05-23.

recode.net

"Yahoo Paid Around $200 Million for Polyvore, a Search Engine for Fashion | Re/Code". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.

redherring.com

"China Malware War Gets Personal". Red Herring. 2006-08-17. Archived from the original on 2009-01-02. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo Acquires Dialpad". Red Herring. Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2008-04-24.

reuters.com

"Yahoo buys user-generated publisher". reuters. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2010-10-10.

searchenginejournal.com

Baker, Loren (2004-10-22). "Yahoo Acquires Email Search Developer Stata Labs". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

sec.gov

"Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act". Securities and Exchange Commission. 1998.
"Execution Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act". Execution and Securities Office. 1999.
"Yahoo! Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 2000-08-31. Retrieved 2012-10-28.

secdatabase.com

pdf.secdatabase.com

"Yahoo Inc, Form 10-Q/A, Filing Date Jan 21, 1999" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018.

edgar.secdatabase.com

"Yahoo Inc, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date May 5, 2006". secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018.

seobythesea.com

Slawski, Bill (2006-01-03). "Early Yahoo! Acquisitions (the 1990s)". SEO by the Sea. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

sfgate.com

Kirby, Carrie (2006-04-20). "Watchdogs take Yahoo to task". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-05-04.

shareholder.com

yhoo.client.shareholder.com

"Company Timeline". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-03-15. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
"Yahoo! to Acquire AdInterax". Yahoo!. 2006-10-17. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Wareham, Kristen (2008-02-12). "Yahoo! Acquires Maven Networks, Inc". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Carrie Davis (2010-03-17). "citizensports.com". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2010-03-17.

siliconbeat.com

"Yahoo buys digital home company Meedio". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-04-24.

smh.com.au

"Yahoo unit inks pact to acquire Taiwan internet firm WRETCH". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2006-12-14. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

techcrunch.com

"Yahoo Nabs Display Ads Startup Dapper". 5 October 2010.
"Yahoo Moves Fast — Real Fast — To Scoop Up IntoNow For $20 – $30 Million". 25 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
"Marissa Mayer's First M&A Deal: Yahoo Acquires Stamped As Part Of Major Mobile Push". 25 October 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
"Yahoo Acquires Video Chat Startup OnTheAir Who Joins Its Mobile Team To Help It Compete With Hangouts". 4 December 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
"Yahoo Buys Snip.it, The Pinterest-Meets-News Startup, For $10 Million Plus Earnouts". 22 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
"Yahoo Acquires Mobile "Nearby Recommendation" iPhone and Web App Alike". 12 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
"Yahoo! Acquires Recommendation Startup Jybe, Will Apply Its Personalization Tech "Across Most Yahoo! Properties"". 20 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
"Yahoo! Continues To Attack Mobile, Buys News Gathering And Delivery Startup Summly, App Will Close". 25 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
"Yahoo Acquires 4M-User 'To Do' App Astrid, Is Now In A Holding Pattern For 90 Days". May 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-01.
"Yahoo's Acqui-Hire Spree Continues With Mobile Gaming Startup Loki Studios". 10 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
"Yahoo's Shopping Spree Continues With Conference Calling Startup Rondee". TechCrunch. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
"Yahoo Acquires Bignoggins, A One-Man Fantasy Sports App Maker". TechCrunch. July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
"Xobni Was Acquired For More Than $60 Million". 3 July 2013.
"Yahoo Acquires Xobni". 3 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
"Yahoo Acquires Image Recognition Startup IQ Engines". Retrieved 2013-08-23.
"Yahoo To Acquire Sports-Centric Mobile Developer Hitpost". October 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
"Yahoo Acquires Bread". Retrieved 2013-10-11.
"Yahoo Acquires Startup LookFlow To Work On Flickr And 'Deep Learning'". 23 October 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
"Yahoo Acquires Skyphrase". 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
"Evntlive Could Help Yahoo Fix Its Broken Video Experience | TechCrunch". December 8, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-12-08.
"'Yahoo Announces that it has acquired intelligent homescreen startup Aviate/". 7 January 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
"Yahoo Has Closed The Tomfoolery Acquisition, Will Shut Down Anchor, Team To Work For Bonforte". 29 January 2014.
"Incredible Labs Acquired By Yahoo, Mobile Assistant App Donna To Be Shut Down". 30 January 2014.
"Yahoo Acquires Wander". 11 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
"Yahoo Acquires Distill". 13 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
"Yahoo Acquires Self-Destructing Messaging App Blink, Which Will Soon Disappear". 13 May 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-13.
"Flickr Hires Creator Of PhotoDrive To Overhaul Its Photo Uploader". 10 June 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
"Yahoo Acquires Video Streaming Platform RayV". 11 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
"Yahoo Acquires Mobile Analytics Firm Flurry For North Of $200M". 21 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
"Snapchat Wanted MessageMe Before Yahoo Bought It for up to $30-$40M". 4 October 2014.
"Why Polyvore's Jess Lee Sold to Yahoo". 31 July 2015.
Sawers, Paul (2023-04-25). "Yahoo acquires social sports betting app Wagr". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

techinasia.com

"Yahoo! acquires Bangalore Startup Bookpad for $15 million". Tech In Asia.

thenextweb.com

"Yahoo acquires photo app developer Cooliris". The Next Web. November 21, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2014.

theregister.co.uk

Chirgwin, Richard (20 January 2011). "Yahoo7 buys Spreets, bubble inflates". The Register. Retrieved 7 June 2007.

thestreet.com

"Yahoo! Snacks on Small Fry". TheStreet.com. Retrieved 2008-04-24.

theverge.com

Pierce, David (2024-04-02). "Yahoo is buying Artifact, the AI news app from the Instagram co-founders". The Verge. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

trainedmonkey.com

Winstead Jr., Jim (2005-06-12). "blo.gs has been acquired by yahoo!". Trained Monkey. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

trendsactions.com

Taly Weiss (2009-08-25). "Maktoob.com". Yahoo!. Retrieved 2009-08-25.

usatoday.com

Blair, Nancy (August 5, 2013). "Yahoo shutters to-do list app Astrid". USA TODAY.

web.archive.org

"Company Timeline". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-03-15. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
"Fox Interactive Media Ranks #1 in Page Views; Yahoo Sites Attract the Most Unusual Visitors". comScore. Archived from the original on 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
"Traffic History Graph for yahoo.com". Alexa Internet. Archived from the original on 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
"Successful Sites Drive High Visitor Retention Rates" (PDF). Nielsen Media Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-01. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
"Yahoo! Media Relations". Yahoo!. 2004-04-01. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Simpson, Blaise (1997-10-08). "Yahoo! to Acquire Four11 Corporation". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Let the Yahoo! Games Begin". Yahoo!. 1999-03-31. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Viaweb". Yahoo!. 1998-06-08. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Reports Fourth Quarter and 1998 Fiscl Year and Financial Results". Yahoo!. 1999-01-12. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Broadcast.com". Yahoo!. 1999-04-01. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Acquires Encompass, Inc". Yahoo!. 1999-05-27. Archived from the original on 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Acquires Online Anywhere". Yahoo!. 1999-06-02. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Plans to Offer Person-to-Person Payment Solution to Buyers and Sellers". Yahoo!. 2000-03-23. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Reports First Quarter 2000 Financial Results". Yahoo!. 2000-04-05. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Acquisition Enhances Powerful Communication Tools for Consumers". Yahoo!. 2000-08-31. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Kimo". Yahoo!. 2000-11-09. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Australia & NZ to Acquire Fairfax's F2 Sold.com". Yahoo!. 2001-02-14. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire LAUNCH Media, Inc". Yahoo!. 2001-06-28. Archived from the original on 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! and HotJobs Announce Commencement of Exchange Offer for HotJobs Common Stock". Yahoo!. 2000-01-11. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Inktomi". Yahoo!. 2002-12-23. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Overture". Yahoo!. 2003-06-14. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"China Malware War Gets Personal". Red Herring. 2006-08-17. Archived from the original on 2009-01-02. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Kelkoo". Yahoo!. 2004-03-26. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Olsen, Stefanie (2004-07-12). "Yahoo acquires Oddpost to bolster e-mail". CNET. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire MusicMatch". Yahoo!. 2004-09-14. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Multiplayer Gaming". Yahoo! Games. Archived from the original on 2007-07-15. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Hefflinger, Mark (2004-12-07). "Yahoo Acquires Mobile Media Content Delivery Developer WUF Networks". Digital Media Wire. Archived from the original on 2014-08-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Newcomb, Kevin (2005-04-12). "Yahoo! Buys Brazilian PPC Search Network". ClickZ. Archived from the original on 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
"Yahoo Acquires Dialpad". Red Herring. Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
Levine, Paul (2005-10-04). "What's Upcoming at Yahoo! Local". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! and Whereonearth Get More Relevant Together". Yahoo! Search. Archived from the original on 2008-04-23. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
Rogers, Ian C. (2006-01-09). "Yahoo! Music Welcomes Webjay and Lucas Gonze". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo buys digital home company Meedio". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
Zajac, Jason (2006-09-27). "Jumpcut Joins the Yahoo! Video Family". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-03-24. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire AdInterax". Yahoo!. 2006-10-17. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Horowitz, Bradley (2006-11-16). "Bix joins Yahoo!'s social media mix". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Dickerson, Chad (2007-01-08). "Bloggers unite! Yahoo! joins forces with MyBlogLog". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-09-18. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Semel, Terry (2007-04-29). "Democracy and the online ad". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Pitaro, Jimmy (2007-06-20). "Listen up, (college) sports fans..." Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Teresi, Todd (2007-09-04). "Yahoo! to acquire BlueLithium". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Moore, Scott (2007-09-14). "Yahoo! News tracks the buzz". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Garlinghouse, Brad (2007-09-17). "Zimbra is so damn cool". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"FoxyTunes joins Yahoo!". FoxyTunes. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
Wareham, Kristen (2008-02-12). "Yahoo! Acquires Maven Networks, Inc". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-16. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Ariel Seidman (2008-05-09). "Inquisitor Joins the Yahoo! Search Team". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Bryan Lamkin (2009-07-22). "Xoopit + Yahoo! Mail = Moving beyond that massive digital shoebox". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2009-07-23. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
Carrie Davis (2010-03-17). "citizensports.com". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2010-03-17.
Lee, Edmund (18 May 2010). "Yahoo Buys Associated Content for $100 Million". Ad Age. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
"Yahoo's Acquires Online Gaming Startup Playerscale". Archived from the original on 2011-09-25. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
"GhostBird Software is joining Yahoo!". Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
"Big news: We've joined Yahoo!". Archived from the original on 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
"Evntlive Could Help Yahoo Fix Its Broken Video Experience | TechCrunch". December 8, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-12-08.
"Yahoo Acquires Quikio". Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2014-07-07.
"Yahoo acquires a small California-based startup PeerCDN". Woolor. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
"MEDIA GROUP ONE - YAHOO und MEDIA GROUP ONE vereinbaren Akquisition". Archived from the original on 2015-07-25. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
"Yahoo Paid Around $200 Million for Polyvore, a Search Engine for Fashion | Re/Code". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.

wired.com

Sullivan, Jennifer (1998-10-12). "Yahoo Acquiring Yoyodyne". Wired. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Ashworth, Boone. "Artifact's DNA Lives on in Yahoo's Revamped AI-Powered News App". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

woolor.com

"Yahoo acquires a small California-based startup PeerCDN". Woolor. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Ashworth, Boone. "Artifact's DNA Lives on in Yahoo's Revamped AI-Powered News App". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

yahoo.com

docs.yahoo.com

"Yahoo! Media Relations". Yahoo!. 2004-04-01. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Simpson, Blaise (1997-10-08). "Yahoo! to Acquire Four11 Corporation". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Let the Yahoo! Games Begin". Yahoo!. 1999-03-31. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Viaweb". Yahoo!. 1998-06-08. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Reports Fourth Quarter and 1998 Fiscl Year and Financial Results". Yahoo!. 1999-01-12. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Broadcast.com". Yahoo!. 1999-04-01. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Acquires Encompass, Inc". Yahoo!. 1999-05-27. Archived from the original on 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Acquires Online Anywhere". Yahoo!. 1999-06-02. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Plans to Offer Person-to-Person Payment Solution to Buyers and Sellers". Yahoo!. 2000-03-23. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Reports First Quarter 2000 Financial Results". Yahoo!. 2000-04-05. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Acquisition Enhances Powerful Communication Tools for Consumers". Yahoo!. 2000-08-31. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Kimo". Yahoo!. 2000-11-09. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! Australia & NZ to Acquire Fairfax's F2 Sold.com". Yahoo!. 2001-02-14. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire LAUNCH Media, Inc". Yahoo!. 2001-06-28. Archived from the original on 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! and HotJobs Announce Commencement of Exchange Offer for HotJobs Common Stock". Yahoo!. 2000-01-11. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Inktomi". Yahoo!. 2002-12-23. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Overture". Yahoo!. 2003-06-14. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire Kelkoo". Yahoo!. 2004-03-26. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! to Acquire MusicMatch". Yahoo!. 2004-09-14. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

videogames.yahoo.com

"Multiplayer Gaming". Yahoo! Games. Archived from the original on 2007-07-15. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

finance.yahoo.com

"Yahoo Acquires Rockmelt". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 2013-08-02.

yahoo.net

pressroom.yahoo.net

"Yahoo! Acquires Koprol; Extends Social and Mobile Strategy With Location-Based Community". Yahoo!. 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2013-05-19.

ycorpblog.com

Horowitz, Bradley (2006-11-16). "Bix joins Yahoo!'s social media mix". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Dickerson, Chad (2007-01-08). "Bloggers unite! Yahoo! joins forces with MyBlogLog". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-09-18. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Semel, Terry (2007-04-29). "Democracy and the online ad". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Pitaro, Jimmy (2007-06-20). "Listen up, (college) sports fans..." Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Teresi, Todd (2007-09-04). "Yahoo! to acquire BlueLithium". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Moore, Scott (2007-09-14). "Yahoo! News tracks the buzz". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Garlinghouse, Brad (2007-09-17). "Zimbra is so damn cool". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Bryan Lamkin (2009-07-22). "Xoopit + Yahoo! Mail = Moving beyond that massive digital shoebox". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2009-07-23. Retrieved 2009-07-22.

ymusicblog.com

Rogers, Ian C. (2006-01-09). "Yahoo! Music Welcomes Webjay and Lucas Gonze". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-04-12.

ysearchblog.com

Levine, Paul (2005-10-04). "What's Upcoming at Yahoo! Local". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
"Yahoo! and Whereonearth Get More Relevant Together". Yahoo! Search. Archived from the original on 2008-04-23. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
Zajac, Jason (2006-09-27). "Jumpcut Joins the Yahoo! Video Family". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-03-24. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
Ariel Seidman (2008-05-09). "Inquisitor Joins the Yahoo! Search Team". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-05-09.