List of recessions in the United States (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "List of recessions in the United States" in English language version.

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16nber.org

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about.com

usgovinfo.about.com

When Did the Great Recession End?, archived from the original on 2012-05-11, retrieved 2012-03-13

archive.org

Glasner & Cooley 1997, p. 732 Glasner, David; Cooley, Thomas F., eds. (1997). Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-0944-1.
Huston, James L. (1987). The Panic of 1857 and the Coming of the Civil War. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-2492-5.
Foner, Eric (1990). A Short History of Reconstruction. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-096431-3.
Capie, Forrest; Wood, Geoffrey (1997). "Great Depression of 1873–1896". Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. in Glasner & Cooley 1997, pp. 148–149 Glasner, David; Cooley, Thomas F., eds. (1997). Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-0944-1.
Moseley, Fred (1997). "Depression of 1873–1879". Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. in Glasner & Cooley 1997, pp. 148–149 Glasner, David; Cooley, Thomas F., eds. (1997). Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-0944-1.
O'Brien, Anthony Patrick (1997). "Depression of 1920–1921". Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. in Glasner & Cooley 1997, pp. 151–153 Glasner, David; Cooley, Thomas F., eds. (1997). Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-0944-1.
Cannadine, David (2007). Mellon: An American Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 313–357. ISBN 978-0679450320.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1973). The World in Depression, 1929–39. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-520-05592-6.
Smiley, W. Gene (1997). "Depression of 1937–1938". Business Cycles and Depressions: An Encyclopedia. in Glasner & Cooley 1997, pp. 154–155 Glasner, David; Cooley, Thomas F., eds. (1997). Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-0944-1.

archive.today

Rattner, Steven (January 5, 1981). "Federal Reserve sees little growth in '81 with continued high rates". New York Times. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved February 29, 2008.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"The recession is a pretty picture". BBC. August 27, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-04.

bea.gov

Brent Moulton (December 10, 2003). "Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts 1929 through Second Quarter 2003". Bureau of Economic Analysis. Archived from the original on 2008-09-20. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
"How did the recent GDP revisions change the picture of the 2007–2009 recession and the recovery?". Retrieved 2021-09-29.
"Gross Domestic Product, Second Quarter 2021 (Advance Estimate) and Annual Update". 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-29.

bls.gov

"Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey", Bureau of Labor Statistics, retrieved September 19, 2009
"Civilian Unemployment Rate".

cepr.net

Rosnick, David (2 June 2010). "Clearing Up Some Facts About the Depression of 1946". Retrieved 2017-07-21.

cnn.com

Tappe, Anneken (19 July 2021). "The covid recession is officially over, and it was the shortest on record". CNN.

csbsju.edu

employees.csbsju.edu

Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 139–154. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. S2CID 145691938. The current consensus is that the volatility of GNP and unemployment were greater before the Great Depression than they have been since the end of World War II.

doi.org

Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 139–154. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. S2CID 145691938. The current consensus is that the volatility of GNP and unemployment were greater before the Great Depression than they have been since the end of World War II.
Chew, Richard S. (December 2005). "Certain Victims of an International Contagion: The Panic of 1797 and the Hard Times of the Late 1790s in Baltimore". Journal of the Early Republic. 25 (4): 565–613. doi:10.1353/jer.2005.0069. S2CID 154865404.
Fels, Rendigs (1952). "The American Business Cycle of 1879–1885". The Journal of Political Economy. 60 (1): 60–75. doi:10.1086/257151. JSTOR 1826297. S2CID 153791133.
Vernon, J.R. (1991). "The 1920–1921 Deflation: The Role of Aggregate Supply". Economic Inquiry. 29 (3): 572–580. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb00847.x. Archived from the original on 2010-11-13.
Irwin, Douglas A. (September 2010), "Did France Cause the Great Depression?", National Bureau of Economic Research, doi:10.3386/w16350, S2CID 153646004
Eichengreen, Barry; Temin, Peter (2000). "The gold standard and the great depression" (PDF). Contemporary European History. 9 (2): 183–207. doi:10.1017/s0960777300002010. S2CID 158383956.
Romer, Christina D. (1992). "What ended the great depression?". The Journal of Economic History. 52 (4): 757–784. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.207.844. doi:10.1017/s002205070001189x.
Dell, S. (June 1957). "The United States Recession of 1953/54: A Comment". The Economic Journal. 67 (266): 338–339. doi:10.2307/2227810. JSTOR 2227810.
Holmans, A.E. (1958). "The Eisenhower Administration and the Recession, 1953–55". Oxford Economic Papers. 10 (1): 34–54. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a040794.

dx.doi.org

Vernon, J.R. (1991). "The 1920–1921 Deflation: The Role of Aggregate Supply". Economic Inquiry. 29 (3): 572–580. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb00847.x. Archived from the original on 2010-11-13.

economagic.com

"Unemployment Rate: Percent: SA".

eh.net

Whitten, David (August 14, 2001). "Depression of 1893". In Whaples, Robert (ed.). EH.Net Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on April 27, 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2009.

encyclopedia.com

"Financial Panics | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-10.

frbsf.org

Walsh, Carl E. (1993). "What Caused the 1990–1991 Recession" (PDF). Economic Review (2).

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Stark, Betsy (9 March 2010). "Home> Money Tracking the Dow One Year After Rock Bottom". ABC news network. Retrieved 2013-09-22.

jstor.org

Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 139–154. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. S2CID 145691938. The current consensus is that the volatility of GNP and unemployment were greater before the Great Depression than they have been since the end of World War II.
Fels, Rendigs (1952). "The American Business Cycle of 1879–1885". The Journal of Political Economy. 60 (1): 60–75. doi:10.1086/257151. JSTOR 1826297. S2CID 153791133.
Dell, S. (June 1957). "The United States Recession of 1953/54: A Comment". The Economic Journal. 67 (266): 338–339. doi:10.2307/2227810. JSTOR 2227810.

lehrmaninstitute.org

"Andrew Jackson, Banks, and the Panic of 1837". lehrmaninstitute.org. Retrieved 2017-07-22. Bray Hammond wrote that Jackson's second term 'fiscal policy...was a product of the current over-trading, inflation, and speculation, but also a contributor thereto. For these evils, which Andrew Jackson aimlessly deplored, could not have been more effectively promoted by Jacksonian policies had that been their purpose. Thus retirement of the public debt, in which the General took great pride, as if it were a personal achievement – as indeed it was in a sense because the burden of it fell inequitably on the southern planters, of whom he was one closed an important field of conservative investment and returned funds to investors who then had to find other uses for them. In consequence the demand for other investments was intensified and their prices driven up.'

nber.org

Hall, Robert (October 21, 2003). "The NBER's Recession Dating Procedure". National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
"The NBER's Recession Dating Procedure: Frequently Asked Questions". National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
"NBER Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions". NBER. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
Moore, Geoffrey H.; Zarnowitz, Victor (1986). "Appendix A The Development and Role of the National Bureau of Economic Research's Business Cycle Chronologies". The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. University of Chicago Press. pp. 735–780. in Gordon 1986, pp. 743–745 Gordon, Robert J., ed. (1986). The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. UMI. ISBN 978-0-226-30452-6.
Moore, Geoffrey H.; Zarnowitz, Victor (1986). "Appendix A The Development and Role of the National Bureau of Economic Research's Business Cycle Chronologies". The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. University of Chicago Press. pp. 735–780. in Gordon 1986, p. 747 Gordon, Robert J., ed. (1986). The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. UMI. ISBN 978-0-226-30452-6.
Thorp, Willard Long (1926). Business Annals. National Bureau of Economic Research, Incorporated. pp. 113–123. ISBN 978-0-87014-007-5. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Moore, Geoffrey H.; Zarnowitz, Victor (1986). "Appendix A The Development and Role of the National Bureau of Economic Research's Business Cycle Chronologies". The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. University of Chicago Press. pp. 735–780. in Gordon 1986, p. 746 Gordon, Robert J., ed. (1986). The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. UMI. ISBN 978-0-226-30452-6.
Moore, Geoffrey H.; Zarnowitz, Victor (1986). "Appendix A The Development and Role of the National Bureau of Economic Research's Business Cycle Chronologies". The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. University of Chicago Press. pp. 735–780. in Gordon 1986, pp. 744–745 Gordon, Robert J., ed. (1986). The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change. UMI. ISBN 978-0-226-30452-6.
Eichengreen, Barry; Temin, Peter (2000). "The gold standard and the great depression" (PDF). Contemporary European History. 9 (2): 183–207. doi:10.1017/s0960777300002010. S2CID 158383956.
Lebergott, Stanley (1957). "Annual Estimates of Unemployment in the United States, 1900–1954" (PDF). The Measurement and Behavior of Unemployment. National Bureau of Economic Research. pp. 211–242.
"NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee Determines that Recession Ended in March 1991". NBER. 22 December 1992. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
"The Business-Cycle Peak of March 2001". National Bureau of Economic Research. November 26, 2001.
"Business Cycle Dating".
2010 Business Cycle Dating Committee, National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2010, retrieved September 20, 2010
US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions, National Bureau of Economic Research
Determination of the April 2022 Trough in US Economic Activity, 19 July 2021

nd.edu

coins.nd.edu

"Copper Panic". www.coins.nd.edu. Retrieved 2017-07-21.

nytimes.com

select.nytimes.com

Rattner, Steven (January 5, 1981). "Federal Reserve sees little growth in '81 with continued high rates". New York Times. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved February 29, 2008.

nytimes.com

Cohen, Patricia; Hsu, Tiffany (April 9, 2020). "'Sudden Black Hole' for the Economy With Millions More Unemployed". The New York Times.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Romer, Christina D. (1992). "What ended the great depression?". The Journal of Economic History. 52 (4): 757–784. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.207.844. doi:10.1017/s002205070001189x.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions" (PDF). The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 139–154. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. S2CID 145691938. The current consensus is that the volatility of GNP and unemployment were greater before the Great Depression than they have been since the end of World War II.
Chew, Richard S. (December 2005). "Certain Victims of an International Contagion: The Panic of 1797 and the Hard Times of the Late 1790s in Baltimore". Journal of the Early Republic. 25 (4): 565–613. doi:10.1353/jer.2005.0069. S2CID 154865404.
Fels, Rendigs (1952). "The American Business Cycle of 1879–1885". The Journal of Political Economy. 60 (1): 60–75. doi:10.1086/257151. JSTOR 1826297. S2CID 153791133.
Irwin, Douglas A. (September 2010), "Did France Cause the Great Depression?", National Bureau of Economic Research, doi:10.3386/w16350, S2CID 153646004
Eichengreen, Barry; Temin, Peter (2000). "The gold standard and the great depression" (PDF). Contemporary European History. 9 (2): 183–207. doi:10.1017/s0960777300002010. S2CID 158383956.

socialdemocracy21stcentury.blogspot.com

Lk (2014-02-20). "Social Democracy for the 21st Century: A Realist Alternative to the Modern Left: US Unemployment in the 1890s Again". Social Democracy for the 21st Century. Retrieved 2017-07-21.

state.gov

fpc.state.gov

Labonte, Marc (January 10, 2002). "The Current Economic Recession" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-10-05.

stlouisfed.org

research.stlouisfed.org

Kliesen, Kevin L. (2003). "The 2001 Recession: How Was It Different and What Developments May Have Caused It?" (PDF). Review (September): 23–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22.

time.com

"Oil Squeeze". Time. February 5, 1979. Archived from the original on November 23, 2007. Retrieved February 29, 2008.

web.archive.org

Brent Moulton (December 10, 2003). "Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts 1929 through Second Quarter 2003". Bureau of Economic Analysis. Archived from the original on 2008-09-20. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
Whitten, David (August 14, 2001). "Depression of 1893". In Whaples, Robert (ed.). EH.Net Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on April 27, 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
Vernon, J.R. (1991). "The 1920–1921 Deflation: The Role of Aggregate Supply". Economic Inquiry. 29 (3): 572–580. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb00847.x. Archived from the original on 2010-11-13.
Labonte, Marc (January 10, 2002). "The Current Economic Recession" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
"Oil Squeeze". Time. February 5, 1979. Archived from the original on November 23, 2007. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
Kliesen, Kevin L. (2003). "The 2001 Recession: How Was It Different and What Developments May Have Caused It?" (PDF). Review (September): 23–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22.
When Did the Great Recession End?, archived from the original on 2012-05-11, retrieved 2012-03-13