List of subcultures (English Wikipedia)

Sousa, Pedro Mesquita de; Ferreira, Adriana; Martins, Alissan; Gubert, Fabiane; Scopacasa, Ligia; Mesquita, Jaislâny; Filho, Francisco Sampaio; Paula, Paulo Henrique de; Vieira, Neiva; Pinheiro, Patricia (November 11, 2011). "Adolescência, cultura Emo e saúde: o olhar de adolescentes em Fortaleza-CE". Adolescencia e Saude. 8 (2): 11–17. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013 – via www.adolescenciaesaude.com.

allmusic.com

"Hair metal", AllMusic. Retrieved November 2014.

archive.org

Hughes, Langston (2001). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes. University of Missouri Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-8262-1410-2. OCLC 45500326. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
^{bell 2001}, pages 101-102, 154-184
Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2010). Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture. Santa Barbara CA: Greenwood Press. pp. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-37690-0.

artfulliving.com

Happe, Marguerite (19 January 2018). "The Hobo Way of Life". Retrieved 1 August 2024.

bfi.org.uk

Thomas, Lou. ""The golden age of motorcycles and that life is now gone": Jeff Nichols on his biker subculture movie The Bikeriders". Retrieved 30 July 2024.

books.google.com

Trefon, Theodore (2004). Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa (illustrated ed.). Zed Books. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-84277-491-5. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
Sickels, Robert (2004). The 1940s (American Popular Culture Through History). ABC-CLIO. p. 36. ISBN 9780313312991. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
Sources for Boispedink: Klein, Alan M. (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1559-7. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- KOERT W. (March 28, 1988). "Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy". Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift. 25 (2): 276–294, 324. ISSN 0921-4933. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- Sources:
  - Marschark, Marc (1997). Psychological Development of Deaf Children (reprint, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press US. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-19-511575-8. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  - Sources:
    - Lysloff, René T. A.; Gay, Leslie C. (2003). Music and technoculture (illustrated ed.). Wesleyan University Press. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-0-8195-6514-3.
    - Sources for emo subculture:
      - Steinberg, Shirley R.; Parmar, Priya; Richard, Birgit (2006). Contemporary Youth Culture: An International Encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33729-1. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
      - Davis, Fred; Munoz, Laura (2011). "8. Heads and freaks: patterns and meanings of drug use among hippies". In Rainwater, Lee (ed.). Deviance and Liberty: Social Problems and Public Policy. Aldine Transaction. pp. 88–95. ISBN 978-1-4128-1503-1. Archived from the original on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
      - Spooner, Catherine; McEvoy, Emma (2007). The Routledge Companion to Gothic. London: Routledge. pp. 195–196, 263–264. ISBN 978-0-415-39843-5.
      - ^{Ken Gelder} pages 91 Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
      - Evers, Izumi; Macias, Patrick (2010-07-01). Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-7885-2.
      - Evers, Izumi; Macias, Patrick (2010-07-01). Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-7885-2.
      - Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.^Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
      - Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.^Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
      - ^Goodlad, page 68-71 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
      - Mary Jane Kehily, Open University (2007). Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices (illustrated ed.). London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-3064-2.
      - Sources for nudism:Karl Eric Toepfer (1997). Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935. University of California Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-520-20663-2. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Steen, Edwin B.; Price, James H. (1988). Human Sex and Sexuality: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-25544-6. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        ^{Ken Gelder} pages: 516, 550
        Buckley, Sandra (2002). Taylor & Francis (ed.). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-415-14344-8. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Pachuco sources:
        Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh (1998). Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 7, 14, 227–229, 230–232, 243. ISBN 978-0-8229-5686-0. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
        DeLamater, John D. (2003). Handbook of social psychology (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 165–168. ISBN 978-0-306-47695-2. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        ^Muggleton, pages 721,728 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
        ^Muggleton, pages 721,728 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
        Sources:
        Gary Alan Fine (1983). Shared Fantasy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 25–38, 236––. ISBN 978-0-226-24944-5. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Sources:
        Gary Alan Fine (1983). Shared Fantasy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 25–38, 236––. ISBN 978-0-226-24944-5. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Sources for Scouting:
        Proctor, Tammy M. (2002). "On my honour": Guides and Scouts in interwar Britain, Volume 92, Part 2. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 978-0-87169-922-0.
        Herman, Andrew; Swiss, Thomas (2014-04-08). The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 9781135205126. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        Zazou sources:
        Portis, Larry (2004). French Frenzies: A Social History of Pop Music in France. College Station, TX: Virtualbookworm.com. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-58939-547-3. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.

bosshunting.com.au

https://www.bosshunting.com.au/lifestyle/what-is-an-eshay-australia/ ^{[bare URL]}

boston.com

Baker, Billy (2007-03-05). "Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-08-04.

chemistrydaily.com

"Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations". Archived from the original on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2011-09-14.

culture.pl

Bretan, Juliette (23 January 2022). "The Striped-Sock-Wearing Polish Beatniks: The Life & Styles of the Bikiniarze". culture.pl. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
"Snow White and the Russian Red". Culture.pl. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

curtin.edu.au

humanities.curtin.edu.au

Sources for glam:
- Stratton, Jon (June 2006). "Why Doesn't Anyone Write about Glam Rock". Australian Journal of Cultural Studies. 4 (1). Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
- Stratton, Jon (1986). "Why doesn't anybody write anything about Glan Rock?". Australian Journal of Cultural Studies. 4 (1): 15–38. Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2014-05-03.

cyberpunk.ru

project.cyberpunk.ru

"Cyberpunk as a Subculture". Information Database.

dazeddigital.com

Madsen, Susanne. "Rebel rebel". Dazed. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
Gordon, Calum (13 November 2018). "A look at the subcultural legacy of New Balance". Dazed. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
Rasmussen, Tom (11 March 2019). "The IG documenting the Hot Topic mallgoths of the 90s and 00s". Dazed. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

doi.org

BDSM sources:
- Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, Chris E. Rissel, Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith (July 2008). "Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (7): 1660–1668. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x. PMID 18331257.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Kersten, Joachim (2003). "Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan". Crime & Delinquency. 39 (3): 277–295. doi:10.1177/0011128793039003002. S2CID 143674993.
- Connell, J (2009). "Birdwatching, twitching and tourism: towards an Australian perspective". Australian Geographer. 40 (2): 203–217. Bibcode:2009AuGeo..40..203C. doi:10.1080/00049180902964942.
- Gagné, Isaac (June 2008). "Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture". Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. 18 (1). Blackwell Publishing: 130–176(21). doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x.
- Uh, Kyung Jin (2020-10-30). "Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images". The Research Journal of the Costume Culture. 28 (5): 692–704. doi:10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692. ISSN 1226-0401. S2CID 229207298.
- Waysdorf, Abby (June 2020). "Placing fandom, studying fans: Modified acafandom in practice". Transformative Works and Cultures. 33. doi:10.3983/twc.2020.1739. Fandom is not only a niche subculture but a way of relating to a wide range of aspects of mediatized society
- Snyder, Gregory J. (2006-04-01). "Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1177/1741659006061716. ISSN 1741-6590. S2CID 144911784.
- Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.^Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
- Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.^Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
- Horváth, Sándor (May 2009). "Patchwork identities and folk devils: youth subcultures and gangs in socialist Hungary". Social History. 34 (2). Taylor & Francis: 163–183. doi:10.1080/03071020902879598. ISSN 0307-1022. OCLC 859650578.
- Sources:
  - Karen Bettez Halnon (Winter 2006). "Heavy Metal Carnival and Dis-alienation: The Politics of Grotesque Realism". Symbolic Interaction. 29 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33.
  - Brown, Timothy S. (2004). "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany". Journal of Social History. 38 (1): 170. doi:10.1353/jsh.2004.0079. ISSN 0022-4529. S2CID 42029805.
  - Campbell, Alex (2006). "The search for authenticity: An exploration of an online skinhead newsgroup". New Media & Society. 8 (2): 269–294. doi:10.1177/1461444806059875. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 40582514.
  - Sources for steampunk:
    - Gizzo, Erico. "The steampunk contraptors". IEEE Spectrum. Vol. 45, no. 10. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2008.4635034.
    - Thorne, Tanis (July 1976). "Legends of the Surfer Subculture: Part One". Western Folklore. 35 (3): 209–217. doi:10.2307/1498346. JSTOR 1498346.

escholarship.org

Thorne, Tanis (July 1976). "Legends of the Surfer Subculture: Part One". Western Folklore. 35 (3): 209–217. doi:10.2307/1498346. JSTOR 1498346.

faroutmagazine.co.uk

Palmer, Elle (26 July 2023). "The Minor Threat song that shaped Thurston Moore". Retrieved 30 July 2024.

featureshoot.com

Kail, Ellyn. "On the Go: Faces of an American Youth Subculture". Retrieved 31 July 2024.

foxnews.com

Kaplan, Don (June 15, 2005). "Lost Fans Hold Convention for Show". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved August 29, 2006.

frieze.com

Fox, Dan (20 March 2014). "Whatever Happened to New Age Travellers?". Frieze (162). Retrieved 30 July 2024.

geelongadvertiser.com.au

https://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=GAWEB_MRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geelongadvertiser.com.au%2Fnews%2Fgeelong%2Feshays-in-geelong-meet-one-of-our-scariest-youth-subcultures%2Fnews-story%2Fc231285fb1e63cfb4039e88461db7f77&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&nk=5a3a29f7b41d20dbd1379be92b2a3e2f-1719559453 ^{[bare URL]}

gq-magazine.co.uk

Johnson, Elgar (11 October 2016). "One of the Boys - a GQ Film". GQ. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

greekcitytimes.com

ANTONOPOULOS, PAUL. "Brendan Perry discusses migration, mangas and his new English-language Rebetiko album with GCT". Retrieved 1 August 2024.

griffith.edu.au

Kay Frances Bartolo. "'Bogan' Polite or not? Cultural implications of a term in Australian slang" (PDF). Griffith University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2014.

www98.griffith.edu.au

Trekkie sources:
- Chamberlain, Daniel Luke; Alexander, Malcolm Laurence (2005). "Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results". TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings. The Sociological Association of Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-04-11. Retrieved 2008-09-19. The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the OED.

grinnell.edu

haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu

"B-boys – Subcultures and Sociology". Grinnell College. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
"Deadheads – Subcultures and Sociology". Retrieved 2023-07-17.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Connell, J (2009). "Birdwatching, twitching and tourism: towards an Australian perspective". Australian Geographer. 40 (2): 203–217. Bibcode:2009AuGeo..40..203C. doi:10.1080/00049180902964942.

harvardmagazine.com

Xue, Katherine (2014). "Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie". Harvard Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

heraldscotland.com

Barry Didcock (8 May 2005). "Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain: They dressed, andf still dress, cool and fought". The Sunday Herald. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

hplusmagazine.com

Haywire, Rachel (20 March 2012). "Becoming Ourselves". Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

ica.org.uk

"Institute of Contemporary Arts : DANCESCHOOL : Subjective Thoughts on a Neglected Scene". Archived from the original on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2010-05-06.

inist.fr

cat.inist.fr

Sources for Boispedink: Klein, Alan M. (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1559-7. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- KOERT W. (March 28, 1988). "Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy". Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift. 25 (2): 276–294, 324. ISSN 0921-4933. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2008.

inkedmag.com

Preston, Devon. "CHONGAFIED". Inked. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

jalopnik.com

Jalopnik: Your Guide To Europe's Weirdest Car Culture: Raggare

japantoday.com

PIPKIN, JANE. "Tokyo fashion subculture 'Decora' – color, cute characters and a whole lot of accessories". Retrieved 31 July 2024.

jordantimes.com

"Get the 'post-Soviet' look: how Russian street style went global". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

jstor.org

daily.jstor.org

Wills, Matthew. "How the Beat Generation Became "Beatniks"". Jstor. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

jstor.org

Thorne, Tanis (July 1976). "Legends of the Surfer Subculture: Part One". Western Folklore. 35 (3): 209–217. doi:10.2307/1498346. JSTOR 1498346.

livescience.com

Pappas, Stephanie (5 February 2018). "Flat Earth: What Fuels the Internet's Strangest Conspiracy Theory?". Live Science. Retrieved 3 December 2022.

lowerblock.com

"Paninaro How Italian Style and UK Football Culture Collided in the 1980s". 13 May 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

lse.ac.uk

blogs.lse.ac.uk

Lanuza, JM; Ong, Jonathan Corpus (28 August 2019). "Beyond Conspiracy: the ties that bind Filipino Flat Earthers and populist supporters". Media@LSE. Retrieved 3 December 2022.

memidex.com

"memidex - Psychedelias". Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

nationalgeographic.com

Martin, Emily. "From police raids to pop culture: The early history of modern drag". Nation Geographic. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

news.com.au

"Senator Ralph Babet slams Year 8 student who reportedly identifies as a cat". Retrieved 30 July 2024.

newwavemagazine.com

Mvioki, Christvie. "The Cultural History of the Congolese Fashion Identity". Retrieved 1 August 2024.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

BDSM sources:
- Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, Chris E. Rissel, Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith (July 2008). "Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (7): 1660–1668. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x. PMID 18331257.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

nme.com

Wright, Lisa (6 March 2015). "The Greatest Indie Labels Of All Time". NME. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

nytimes.com

Bateman, Kristen (2020-06-30). "Academia Lives — on TikTok". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
Martin, Rick (November 15, 1992). "Grunge: A Success Story". The New York Times.

oddee.com

Santos, Zeon. "10 Of The Strangest Music Subcultures From Around The World". Retrieved 31 July 2024.

pinkmachine.com

Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor Archived 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".

popmatters.com

Stewart, Ethan (25 May 2021). "From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
Stewart, Ethan (25 May 2021). "From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.

rhymezone.com

"RhymeZone - Psychedelia". Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

rjcc.or.kr

Uh, Kyung Jin (2020-10-30). "Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images". The Research Journal of the Costume Culture. 28 (5): 692–704. doi:10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692. ISSN 1226-0401. S2CID 229207298.

ropecon.fi

Leppälahti, Merja (2004). "About the Community of Role-Players" (PDF). In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.). Beyond Role and Play. Ropecon ry. ISBN 978-952-91-6843-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-11. Retrieved 2009-04-24.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Snyder, Gregory J. (2006-04-01). "Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1177/1741659006061716. ISSN 1741-6590. S2CID 144911784.

salon.com

Klein, Amanda Ann. "How MTV's "Jersey Shore" fetishized the Guido, a subversive ethnic stereotype that America disdained". Salon.com. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kersten, Joachim (2003). "Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan". Crime & Delinquency. 39 (3): 277–295. doi:10.1177/0011128793039003002. S2CID 143674993.
Uh, Kyung Jin (2020-10-30). "Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images". The Research Journal of the Costume Culture. 28 (5): 692–704. doi:10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692. ISSN 1226-0401. S2CID 229207298.
Snyder, Gregory J. (2006-04-01). "Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1177/1741659006061716. ISSN 1741-6590. S2CID 144911784.
Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.^Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.^Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
Brown, Timothy S. (2004). "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany". Journal of Social History. 38 (1): 170. doi:10.1353/jsh.2004.0079. ISSN 0022-4529. S2CID 42029805.
Campbell, Alex (2006). "The search for authenticity: An exploration of an online skinhead newsgroup". New Media & Society. 8 (2): 269–294. doi:10.1177/1461444806059875. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 40582514.

sjsu.edu

scholarworks.sjsu.edu

Vidales, Santiago (2019). "Hemispheric Poetics: raúlsalinas, César Vallejo, and the convergence of Xicanx and Vanguardia poetry". NACCS Annual Conference Proceedings: 117–133.

sk8spt.com

knowledge.sk8spt.com

"Skateboarding – Subcultures and Sociology". Sk8spt. 16 February 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
"Skateboarding – Subcultures and Sociology". Sk8spt. 16 February 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2022.

smithsonianmag.com

Lewis, Danny. "When Rock Was Banned in the Soviet Union, Teens Took to Bootlegged Recordings on X-Rays". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

sparechangenews.net

Adams, Jack. "Angry, Young and Poor: Our Look at the World of Traveler Kids". Retrieved 30 July 2024.

startsat60.com

Rosel, Rachael. "Bodgies and widgies: Remembering Aussie teens of the '50s who were up to no good". Retrieved 30 July 2024.

strikemagazines.com

"What Does Being "Indie" Even Mean?: A Deep Dive Into The Subculture". Retrieved 1 August 2024.

thefutoncritic.com

"ABC Television and Creation Entertainment bring the Official Lost Fan Club and Special Events to Cities Around the World" (Press release). ABC. May 12, 2005. Retrieved August 29, 2006.

theguardian.com

"Thunderdome: the Dutch rave with the world's fastest, hardest music". the Guardian. 30 October 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
Siddons, Edward (4 October 2018). "Why is the gay leather scene dying?". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
"Seapunk: scenester in-joke or underground art movement?". The Guardian. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.

thenewatlantis.com

"On the Monster Beat". Retrieved 31 July 2024.

thewire.in

livewire.thewire.in

Tweet; WhatsApp (2019-05-10). "The Great 'Bro-liferation': Should Women Be Calling Each Other 'Bro'?". Live Wire. Retrieved 2022-05-07.

time.com

Dan Fletcher (July 29, 2009). "Hipsters". time.com. Archived from the original on July 30, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
"The Skinheads". Time. 1970-06-08. Archived from the original on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2008-09-27.

timeout.com

Bunny Bissoux (2015-06-11). "The story of visual kei". Time Out. Retrieved 2017-08-20.

tygodnikprzeglad.pl

Sołtysiak, Grzegorz; Williams, Dorota (January 2017). "Plereza pod naleśnikiem" (PDF). Tygodnik Przegląd (in Polish). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.

utne.com

"Adventures Through Inner Space: Meet the 'Psychonauts'". 28 November 2000. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

vice.com

Low, Chris. "Now That's What I Call Anarcho-Punk! Vol. 1". Vice Media. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
Calderón-Douglass, Barbara. "The Folk Feminist Struggle Behind the Chola Fashion Trend". Vice Media. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
Garland, Emma. "Introducing: The Grown-Up Greebo". Vice Media. Retrieved 30 July 2024.

vox.com

Matthews, Dylan (March 27, 2015). "9 questions about furries you were too embarrassed to ask". Vox. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-07.

washingtonpost.com

Smee, Sebastian. "They kept their heads in the Reign of Terror, then embraced hedonism". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

wbur.org

hereandnow.wbur.org

"New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area". 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
"New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area". 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

web.archive.org

Trefon, Theodore (2004). Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa (illustrated ed.). Zed Books. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-84277-491-5. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
Xue, Katherine (2014). "Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie". Harvard Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
Haywire, Rachel (20 March 2012). "Becoming Ourselves". Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
Sources for Boispedink: Klein, Alan M. (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1559-7. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
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- Kay Frances Bartolo. "'Bogan' Polite or not? Cultural implications of a term in Australian slang" (PDF). Griffith University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
- Bateman, Kristen (2020-06-30). "Academia Lives — on TikTok". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
- Sources:
  - Marschark, Marc (1997). Psychological Development of Deaf Children (reprint, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press US. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-19-511575-8. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  - Sources for emo subculture:
    - Steinberg, Shirley R.; Parmar, Priya; Richard, Birgit (2006). Contemporary Youth Culture: An International Encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33729-1. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
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    - Matthews, Dylan (March 27, 2015). "9 questions about furries you were too embarrassed to ask". Vox. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
    - Sources for glam:
      - Stratton, Jon (June 2006). "Why Doesn't Anyone Write about Glam Rock". Australian Journal of Cultural Studies. 4 (1). Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
      - ^{Ken Gelder} pages 91 Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
      - Dan Fletcher (July 29, 2009). "Hipsters". time.com. Archived from the original on July 30, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
      - ^Goodlad, page 68-71 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
      - Baker, Billy (2007-03-05). "Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
      - Leppälahti, Merja (2004). "About the Community of Role-Players" (PDF). In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.). Beyond Role and Play. Ropecon ry. ISBN 978-952-91-6843-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-11. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
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      - Sources for nudism:Karl Eric Toepfer (1997). Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935. University of California Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-520-20663-2. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Steen, Edwin B.; Price, James H. (1988). Human Sex and Sexuality: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-25544-6. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Buckley, Sandra (2002). Taylor & Francis (ed.). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-415-14344-8. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Pachuco sources:
        Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh (1998). Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 7, 14, 227–229, 230–232, 243. ISBN 978-0-8229-5686-0. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
        Sousa, Pedro Mesquita de; Ferreira, Adriana; Martins, Alissan; Gubert, Fabiane; Scopacasa, Ligia; Mesquita, Jaislâny; Filho, Francisco Sampaio; Paula, Paulo Henrique de; Vieira, Neiva; Pinheiro, Patricia (November 11, 2011). "Adolescência, cultura Emo e saúde: o olhar de adolescentes em Fortaleza-CE". Adolescencia e Saude. 8 (2): 11–17. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013 – via www.adolescenciaesaude.com.
        DeLamater, John D. (2003). Handbook of social psychology (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 165–168. ISBN 978-0-306-47695-2. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        "RhymeZone - Psychedelia". Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        "memidex - Psychedelias". Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        "Adventures Through Inner Space: Meet the 'Psychonauts'". 28 November 2000. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        "New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area". 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        "New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area". 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        ^Muggleton, pages 721,728 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
        ^Muggleton, pages 721,728 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
        Sources:
        Gary Alan Fine (1983). Shared Fantasy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 25–38, 236––. ISBN 978-0-226-24944-5. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Sources:
        Gary Alan Fine (1983). Shared Fantasy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 25–38, 236––. ISBN 978-0-226-24944-5. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
        Stewart, Ethan (25 May 2021). "From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
        Stewart, Ethan (25 May 2021). "From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
        "The Skinheads". Time. 1970-06-08. Archived from the original on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
        "Institute of Contemporary Arts : DANCESCHOOL : Subjective Thoughts on a Neglected Scene". Archived from the original on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
        Sołtysiak, Grzegorz; Williams, Dorota (January 2017). "Plereza pod naleśnikiem" (PDF). Tygodnik Przegląd (in Polish). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
        Trekkie sources:
        Chamberlain, Daniel Luke; Alexander, Malcolm Laurence (2005). "Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results". TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings. The Sociological Association of Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-04-11. Retrieved 2008-09-19. The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the OED.
        Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor Archived 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".
        Herman, Andrew; Swiss, Thomas (2014-04-08). The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 9781135205126. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
        Zazou sources:
        Portis, Larry (2004). French Frenzies: A Social History of Pop Music in France. College Station, TX: Virtualbookworm.com. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-58939-547-3. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.

wired.com

Thompson, Clive (18 September 2020). "YouTube's Plot to Silence Conspiracy Theories". Wired. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
Hefferman, Virginia. "The Pride and Prejudice of Online Fan Culture". Wire. Retrieved 1 August 2024.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Hughes, Langston (2001). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes. University of Missouri Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-8262-1410-2. OCLC 45500326. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
Sources for Boispedink: Klein, Alan M. (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1559-7. Archived from the original on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- KOERT W. (March 28, 1988). "Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy". Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift. 25 (2): 276–294, 324. ISSN 0921-4933. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
- Uh, Kyung Jin (2020-10-30). "Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images". The Research Journal of the Costume Culture. 28 (5): 692–704. doi:10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692. ISSN 1226-0401. S2CID 229207298.
- Snyder, Gregory J. (2006-04-01). "Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1177/1741659006061716. ISSN 1741-6590. S2CID 144911784.
- Horváth, Sándor (May 2009). "Patchwork identities and folk devils: youth subcultures and gangs in socialist Hungary". Social History. 34 (2). Taylor & Francis: 163–183. doi:10.1080/03071020902879598. ISSN 0307-1022. OCLC 859650578.
- Brown, Timothy S. (2004). "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany". Journal of Social History. 38 (1): 170. doi:10.1353/jsh.2004.0079. ISSN 0022-4529. S2CID 42029805.
- Campbell, Alex (2006). "The search for authenticity: An exploration of an online skinhead newsgroup". New Media & Society. 8 (2): 269–294. doi:10.1177/1461444806059875. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 40582514.

yokogaomag.com

"What is Otaku Culture - The Obsessive Japanese Pop Culture Fandom Explained". Retrieved 31 July 2024.