References analysis of the Wikipedia article "List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire" in the English version

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Glazer 1996, "War of Independence" Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8444-0864-4. OCLC 33898522. Retrieved 2009-04-22.

Miller, William (1908). The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: John Murray. OCLC 563022439.

Glazer 1996, "Ottoman Institutions" Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8444-0864-4. OCLC 33898522. Retrieved 2009-04-22.

Glazer 1996, "External Threats and Internal Transformations" Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8444-0864-4. OCLC 33898522. Retrieved 2009-04-22.

Glazer 1996, "Table A. Chronology of Major Kemalist Reforms" Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8444-0864-4. OCLC 33898522. Retrieved 2009-04-22.

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Stavrides 2001, p. 21 Stavrides, Theoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5. OCLC 46640850. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Kafadar 1995, p. 122. "That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it."
Lowry 2003, p. 78. "Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that..."
Lindner 1983, p. 10. "In fact, no matter how one were to try, the sources simply do not allow the recovery of a family tree linking the antecedents of Osman to the Kayı of the Oğuz tribe. Without a proven genealogy, or even without evidence of sufficient care to produce a single genealogy to be presented to all the court chroniclers, there obviously could be no tribe; thus, the tribe was not a factor in early Ottoman history." Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7. OCLC 55849447. Retrieved 2009-04-18. Lowry, Heath (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-5636-6. Lindner, Rudi Paul (1983). Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Indiana University Press.

Findley 2005, p. 115 Findley, Carter V. (2005). The Turks in World History. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-517726-8. OCLC 54529318. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

Toynbee 1974, pp. 22–23 Toynbee, Arnold J. (1974). "The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History". In Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.). The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East. Vol. 11. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-03945-2. OCLC 1318483. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

Stavrides 2001, p. 20 Stavrides, Theoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5. OCLC 46640850. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 93 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 90 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 91 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 92 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Karateke 2005, pp. 37–54 Karateke, Hakan T. (2005). "Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century". In Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (eds.). Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-757-4. OCLC 60416792. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

Kafadar 1995, pp. 60, 122. Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7. OCLC 55849447. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Kafadar 1995, p. xix Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7. OCLC 55849447. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Peirce 1993, pp. 158–159 Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5. OCLC 243767445. Retrieved 2009-04-19.

M'Gregor, J. (July 1854). "The Race, Religions, and Government of the Ottoman Empire". The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art. Vol. 32. New York: Leavitt, Trow, & Co. p. 376. OCLC 6298914. Retrieved 2009-04-25.

Glassé 2003, pp. 349–351. Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003). "Ottomans". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6. OCLC 52611080. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

Quataert 2005, pp. 83–85 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Sugar 1993, pp. 23–27 Sugar, Peter F. (1993). Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804 (3rd ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-96033-3. OCLC 34219399. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Steffen, Dirk (2005). "Mehmed VI, Sultan". In Tucker, Spencer (ed.). World War I: Encyclopedia. Volume. Vol. III: M–R. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 779. ISBN 978-1-85109-420-2. OCLC 162287003. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

nadinevalidesultan.org

d'Osman Han 2001, "Ottoman Padishah Succession" d'Osman Han, Nadine Sultana (2001). The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han. Foreword by Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar. Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. OCLC 70659193. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

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menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de

Strauss 2010, pp. 21–51. Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul.} (info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: pp. 43–44 (PDF pp. 45–46/338).

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Peirce, Leslie. "The sultanate of women". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Mensiz, Ercan. "About Tugra". Tugra.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2009-02-06.

worldcat.org

Miller, William (1908). The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: John Murray. OCLC 563022439.

Findley 2005, p. 115 Findley, Carter V. (2005). The Turks in World History. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-517726-8. OCLC 54529318. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

Quataert 2005, p. 93 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 90 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 91 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Quataert 2005, p. 92 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Aşiroğlu 1992, p. 13 Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 978-9757645177. OCLC 32085609.

Aşiroğlu 1992, p. 17 Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 978-9757645177. OCLC 32085609.

Aşiroğlu 1992, p. 14 Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 978-9757645177. OCLC 32085609.

Glassé 2003, pp. 349–351. Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003). "Ottomans". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6. OCLC 52611080. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

Quataert 2005, pp. 83–85 Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83910-5. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.

Toprak 1981, pp. 44–45 Uğur, Ali (2007). Mavi Emperyalizm [Blue Imperialism] (in Turkish). Istanbul: Çatı Publishing. ISBN 978-975-8845-87-3. OCLC 221203375. Retrieved 2009-04-19.

Aşiroğlu 1992, p. 54 Aşiroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 978-9757645177. OCLC 32085609.

List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire (English Wikipedia)

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