List of unsolved problems in physics (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "List of unsolved problems in physics" in English language version.

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Titarchuk, Lev; Fiorito, Ralph (10 September 2004). "Spectral Index and Quasi-Periodic Oscillation Frequency Correlation in Black Hole Sources: Observational Evidence of Two Phases and Phase Transition in Black Holes" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 612 (2): 988–999. arXiv:astro-ph/0405360. Bibcode:2004ApJ...612..988T. doi:10.1086/422573. hdl:2060/20040182332. S2CID 4689535. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

aanda.org

Colin, Jacques; Mohayaee, Roya; Rameez, Mohamed; Sarkar, Subir (20 November 2019). "Evidence for anisotropy of cosmic acceleration". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 631: L13. arXiv:1808.04597. Bibcode:2019A&A...631L..13C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936373. S2CID 208175643. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.

aps.org

physics.aps.org

Fallot, Muriel (19 June 2017). "Getting to the bottom of an antineutrino anomaly". Physics. 10: 66. Bibcode:2017PhyOJ..10...66F. doi:10.1103/Physics.10.66. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
Yao, N. Y.; Potter, A. C.; Potirniche, I.-D.; Vishwanath, A. (2017). "Discrete Time Crystals: Rigidity, Criticality, and Realizations". Physical Review Letters. 118 (3): 030401. arXiv:1608.02589. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.118c0401Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.030401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 28157355. S2CID 206284432. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.

link.aps.org

Mention, G.; Fechner, M.; Lasserre, Th.; Mueller, Th.A.; Lhuillier, D.; Cribier, M.; Letourneau, A. (29 April 2011). "Reactor antineutrino anomaly". Physical Review D. 83 (7): 073006. arXiv:1101.2755. Bibcode:2011PhRvD..83g3006M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.83.073006. S2CID 14401655. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2021.

journals.aps.org

Aranson, Igor S.; Tsimring, Lev S. (1 June 2006). "Patterns and collective behavior in granular media: Theoretical concepts". Reviews of Modern Physics. 78 (2): 641–692. arXiv:cond-mat/0507419. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.641. Yet despite major efforts by many groups, the theoretical description of granular systems remains largely a plethora of different, often contradictory concepts and approaches.

archive.org

Ginzburg, Vitaly L. (2001). The physics of a lifetime : reflections on the problems and personalities of 20th century physics. Berlin: Springer. pp. 3–200. ISBN 978-3-540-67534-1.
Rees, Martin (3 May 2001). Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape The Universe. New York, New York: Basic Books; First American edition. p. 4. ISBN 9780465036721.
Davis, Paul (2007). Cosmic Jackpot: Why Our Universe Is Just Right for Life. New York: Orion Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-0618592265.

archive.today

Overbye, Dennis (11 September 2023). "Don't Expect a 'Theory of Everything' to Explain It All - Not even the most advanced physics can reveal everything we want to know about the history and future of the cosmos, or about ourselves". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
Joshi, Pankaj S. (January 2009). "Do Naked Singularities Break the Rules of Physics?". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012.

arxiv.org

Peres, Asher; Terno, Daniel R. (2004). "Quantum information and relativity theory". Reviews of Modern Physics. 76 (1): 93–123. arXiv:quant-ph/0212023. Bibcode:2004RvMP...76...93P. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.76.93. S2CID 7481797.
Isham, C. J. (1993). "Canonical Quantum Gravity and the Problem of Time". Integrable Systems, Quantum Groups, and Quantum Field Theories. NATO ASI Series. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 157–287. arXiv:gr-qc/9210011. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1980-1_6. ISBN 9789401048743. S2CID 116947742.
Abdalla, Elcio; Abellán, Guillermo Franco; Aboubrahim, Amin (11 March 2022). "Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies". Journal of High Energy Astrophysics. 34: 49. arXiv:2203.06142v1. Bibcode:2022JHEAp..34...49A. doi:10.1016/j.jheap.2022.04.002. S2CID 247411131.
Krishnan, Chethan; Mohayaee, Roya; Colgáin, Eoin Ó; Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.; Yin, Lu (16 September 2021). "Does Hubble Tension Signal a Breakdown in FLRW Cosmology?". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 38 (18): 184001. arXiv:2105.09790. Bibcode:2021CQGra..38r4001K. doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ac1a81. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 234790314.
Colin, Jacques; Mohayaee, Roya; Rameez, Mohamed; Sarkar, Subir (20 November 2019). "Evidence for anisotropy of cosmic acceleration". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 631: L13. arXiv:1808.04597. Bibcode:2019A&A...631L..13C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936373. S2CID 208175643. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
Steinhardt, P. & Turok, N. (2006). "Why the Cosmological constant is so small and positive". Science. 312 (5777): 1180–1183. arXiv:astro-ph/0605173. Bibcode:2006Sci...312.1180S. doi:10.1126/science.1126231. PMID 16675662. S2CID 14178620.
Wang, Qingdi; Zhu, Zhen; Unruh, William G. (11 May 2017). "How the huge energy of quantum vacuum gravitates to drive the slow accelerating expansion of the Universe". Physical Review D. 95 (10): 103504. arXiv:1703.00543. Bibcode:2017PhRvD..95j3504W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.103504. S2CID 119076077.
Li, Tianjun; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.; Walker, Joel W. (2011). "Elements of fast proton decay". Nuclear Physics B. 846 (1): 43–99. arXiv:1003.2570. Bibcode:2011NuPhB.846...43L. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2010.12.014. S2CID 119246624.
Mention, G.; Fechner, M.; Lasserre, Th.; Mueller, Th.A.; Lhuillier, D.; Cribier, M.; Letourneau, A. (29 April 2011). "Reactor antineutrino anomaly". Physical Review D. 83 (7): 073006. arXiv:1101.2755. Bibcode:2011PhRvD..83g3006M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.83.073006. S2CID 14401655. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
Blum, Thomas; Denig, Achim; Logashenko, Ivan; de Rafael, Eduardo; Roberts, B. Lee; Teubner, Thomas; Venanzoni, Graziano (2013). "The muon ( $g$ − 2) theory value: Present and future". arXiv:1311.2198 [hep-ph].
Elliott, S. R.; Gavrin, V. N.; Haxton, W. C. (1 January 2024). "The gallium anomaly". Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. 134: 104082. arXiv:2306.03299. Bibcode:2024PrPNP.13404082E. doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104082. ISSN 0146-6410.
Michael J. Thompson (2014). "Grand Challenges in the Physics of the Sun and Sun-like Stars". Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. 1: 1. arXiv:1406.4228. Bibcode:2014FrASS...1....1T. doi:10.3389/fspas.2014.00001. S2CID 1547625.
Strohmayer, Tod E.; Mushotzky, Richard F. (20 March 2003). "Discovery of X-Ray Quasi-periodic Oscillations from an Ultraluminous X-Ray Source in M82: Evidence against Beaming". The Astrophysical Journal. 586 (1): L61 – L64. arXiv:astro-ph/0303665. Bibcode:2003ApJ...586L..61S. doi:10.1086/374732. S2CID 118992703.
Titarchuk, Lev; Fiorito, Ralph (10 September 2004). "Spectral Index and Quasi-Periodic Oscillation Frequency Correlation in Black Hole Sources: Observational Evidence of Two Phases and Phase Transition in Black Holes" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 612 (2): 988–999. arXiv:astro-ph/0405360. Bibcode:2004ApJ...612..988T. doi:10.1086/422573. hdl:2060/20040182332. S2CID 4689535. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
Shoji Kato (2012). "An Attempt to Describe Frequency Correlations among kHz QPOs and HBOs by Two-Armed Nearly Vertical Oscillations". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 64 (3): 62. arXiv:1202.0121. Bibcode:2012PASJ...64...62K. doi:10.1093/pasj/64.3.62. S2CID 118498018.
Sarre, Peter J. (2006). "The diffuse interstellar bands: A major problem in astronomical spectroscopy". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 238 (1): 1. arXiv:astro-ph/0608113. Bibcode:2006JMoSp.238....1S. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2006.03.009.
Ferrarese, Laura; Merritt, David (2000). "A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 539 (1): L9 – L12. arXiv:astro-ph/0006053. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539L...9F. doi:10.1086/312838. S2CID 6508110.
Singal, Ashok K. (2011). "Large peculiar motion of the solar system from the dipole anisotropy in sky brightness due to distant radio sources". The Astrophysical Journal. 742 (2): L23 – L27. arXiv:1110.6260. Bibcode:2011ApJ...742L..23S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/742/2/L23. S2CID 119117071.
Tiwari, Prabhakar; Kothari, Rahul; Naskar, Abhishek; Nadkarni-Ghosh, Sharvari; Jain, Pankaj (2015). "Dipole anisotropy in sky brightness and source count distribution in radio NVSS data". Astroparticle Physics. 61: 1–11. arXiv:1307.1947. Bibcode:2015APh....61....1T. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.06.004. S2CID 119203300.
Tiwari, P.; Jain, P. (2015). "Dipole anisotropy in integrated linearly polarized flux density in NVSS data". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (3): 2658–2670. arXiv:1308.3970. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447.2658T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2535. S2CID 118610706.
Hutsemékers, D.; Lamy, H. (2001). "Confirmation of the existence of coherent orientations of quasar polarization vectors on cosmological scales". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 367 (2): 381–387. arXiv:astro-ph/0012182. Bibcode:2001A&A...367..381H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000443. S2CID 17157567.
Jain, P.; Narain, G.; Sarala, S. (2004). "Large-scale alignment of optical polarizations from distant QSOs using coordinate-invariant statistics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 347 (2): 394–402. arXiv:astro-ph/0301530. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.347..394J. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07169.x. S2CID 14190653.
Angelica de Oliveira-Costa; Tegmark, Max; Zaldarriaga, Matias; Hamilton, Andrew (2004). "The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP". Physical Review D. 69 (6): 063516. arXiv:astro-ph/0307282. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..69f3516D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.69.063516. S2CID 119463060.
Eriksen, H. K.; Hansen, F. K.; Banday, A. J.; Górski, K. M.; Lilje, P. B. (2004). "Asymmetries in the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Field". The Astrophysical Journal. 605 (1): 14–20. arXiv:astro-ph/0307507. Bibcode:2004ApJ...605...14E. doi:10.1086/382267. S2CID 15696508.
Pramoda Kumar Samal; Saha, Rajib; Jain, Pankaj; Ralston, John P. (2008). "Testing Isotropy of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 385 (4): 1718–1728. arXiv:0708.2816. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.385.1718S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12960.x. S2CID 988092.
Pramoda Kumar Samal; Saha, Rajib; Jain, Pankaj; Ralston, John P. (2009). "Signals of Statistical Anisotropy in WMAP Foreground-Cleaned Maps". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 396 (511): 511–522. arXiv:0811.1639. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.396..511S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14728.x. S2CID 16250321.
Casagrande, L.; Schönrich, R.; Asplund, M.; Cassisi, S.; Ramírez, I.; Meléndez, J.; Bensby, T.; Feltzing, S. (2011). "New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc(s)". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: A138. arXiv:1103.4651. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.138C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016276. S2CID 56118016.
Bensby, T.; Feltzing, S.; Lundström, I. (July 2004). "A possible age–metallicity relation in the Galactic thick disk?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 421 (3): 969–976. arXiv:astro-ph/0403591. Bibcode:2004A&A...421..969B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035957. S2CID 10469794.
Casagrande, L.; Silva Aguirre, V.; Schlesinger, K. J.; Stello, D.; Huber, D.; Serenelli, A. M.; Scho Nrich, R.; Cassisi, S.; Pietrinferni, A.; Hodgkin, S.; Milone, A. P.; Feltzing, S.; Asplund, M. (2015). "Measuring the vertical age structure of the Galactic disc using asteroseismology and SAGA". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 455 (1): 987–1007. arXiv:1510.01376. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.455..987C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2320. S2CID 119113283.
Fields, Brian D. (2012). "The Primordial Lithium Problem". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 61 (2011): 47–68. arXiv:1203.3551. Bibcode:2011ARNPS..61...47F. doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130445. S2CID 119265528.
Platts, E.; Weltman, A.; Walters, A.; Tendulkar, S.P.; Gordin, J.E.B.; Kandhai, S. (2019). "A living theory catalogue for fast radio bursts". Physics Reports. 821: 1–27. arXiv:1810.05836. Bibcode:2019PhR...821....1P. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2019.06.003. S2CID 119091423.
Aranson, Igor S.; Tsimring, Lev S. (1 June 2006). "Patterns and collective behavior in granular media: Theoretical concepts". Reviews of Modern Physics. 78 (2): 641–692. arXiv:cond-mat/0507419. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.78.641. Yet despite major efforts by many groups, the theoretical description of granular systems remains largely a plethora of different, often contradictory concepts and approaches.
Yoshida, Beni (1 October 2011). "Feasibility of self-correcting quantum memory and thermal stability of topological order". Annals of Physics. 326 (10): 2566–2633. arXiv:1103.1885. Bibcode:2011AnPhy.326.2566Y. doi:10.1016/j.aop.2011.06.001. ISSN 0003-4916. S2CID 119611494.
Lipa, J. A.; Nissen, J. A.; Stricker, D. A.; Swanson, D. R.; Chui, T. C. P. (14 November 2003). "Specific heat of liquid helium in zero gravity very near the lambda point". Physical Review B. 68 (17): 174518. arXiv:cond-mat/0310163. Bibcode:2003PhRvB..68q4518L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.174518. S2CID 55646571.
Campostrini, Massimo; Hasenbusch, Martin; Pelissetto, Andrea; Vicari, Ettore (6 October 2006). "Theoretical estimates of the critical exponents of the superfluid transition in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ by lattice methods". Physical Review B. 74 (14): 144506. arXiv:cond-mat/0605083. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144506. S2CID 118924734.
Hasenbusch, Martin (26 December 2019). "Monte Carlo study of an improved clock model in three dimensions". Physical Review B. 100 (22): 224517. arXiv:1910.05916. Bibcode:2019PhRvB.100v4517H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.100.224517. ISSN 2469-9950. S2CID 204509042.
Chester, Shai M.; Landry, Walter; Liu, Junyu; Poland, David; Simmons-Duffin, David; Su, Ning; Vichi, Alessandro (2020). "Carving out OPE space and precise $O(2)$ model critical exponents". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2020 (6): 142. arXiv:1912.03324. Bibcode:2020JHEP...06..142C. doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2020)142. S2CID 208910721.
Barton, G.; Scharnhorst, K. (1993). "QED between parallel mirrors: light signals faster than c, or amplified by the vacuum". Journal of Physics A. 26 (8): 2037. Bibcode:1993JPhA...26.2037B. doi:10.1088/0305-4470/26/8/024. A more recent follow-up paper is Scharnhorst, K. (1998). "The velocities of light in modified QED vacua". Annalen der Physik. 7 (7–8): 700–709. arXiv:hep-th/9810221. Bibcode:1998AnP...510..700S. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3889(199812)7:7/8<700::AID-ANDP700>3.0.CO;2-K. S2CID 120489943.
Cabello, Adán (2017). "Interpretations of quantum theory: A map of madness". In Lombardi, Olimpia; Fortin, Sebastian; Holik, Federico; López, Cristian (eds.). What is Quantum Information?. Cambridge University Press. pp. 138–143. arXiv:1509.04711. Bibcode:2015arXiv150904711C. doi:10.1017/9781316494233.009. ISBN 9781107142114. S2CID 118419619.
Wiseman, Howard (2014). "The Two Bell's Theorems of John Bell". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical. 47 (42): 424001. arXiv:1402.0351. Bibcode:2014JPhA...47P4001W. doi:10.1088/1751-8113/47/42/424001. ISSN 1751-8121. S2CID 119234957.
Fuchs, Christopher A.; Mermin, N. David; Schack, Rüdiger (2014). "An introduction to QBism with an application to the locality of quantum mechanics". American Journal of Physics. 82 (8): 749. arXiv:1311.5253. Bibcode:2014AmJPh..82..749F. doi:10.1119/1.4874855. S2CID 56387090.
Hensen, B.; et al. (21 October 2015). "Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres". Nature. 526 (7575): 682–686. arXiv:1508.05949. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..682H. doi:10.1038/nature15759. PMID 26503041. S2CID 205246446.
Giustina, M.; et al. (16 December 2015). "Significant-Loophole-Free Test of Bell's Theorem with Entangled Photons". Physical Review Letters. 115 (25): 250401. arXiv:1511.03190. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115y0401G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250401. PMID 26722905. S2CID 13789503.
Shalm, L. K.; et al. (16 December 2015). "Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism". Physical Review Letters. 115 (25): 250402. arXiv:1511.03189. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115y0402S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.250402. PMC 5815856. PMID 26722906.
B. P. Abbott; et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration) (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters. 116 (6): 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL.116f1102A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. PMID 26918975. S2CID 124959784.
Pretorius, Frans (2005). "Evolution of Binary Black-Hole Spacetimes". Physical Review Letters. 95 (12): 121101. arXiv:gr-qc/0507014. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..95l1101P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.121101. PMID 16197061. S2CID 24225193. Campanelli, M.; Lousto, C. O.; Marronetti, P.; Zlochower, Y. (2006). "Accurate Evolutions of Orbiting Black-Hole Binaries without Excision". Physical Review Letters. 96 (11): 111101. arXiv:gr-qc/0511048. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96k1101C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.111101. PMID 16605808. S2CID 5954627. Baker, John G.; Centrella, Joan; Choi, Dae-Il; Koppitz, Michael; Van Meter, James (2006). "Gravitational-Wave Extraction from an Inspiraling Configuration of Merging Black Holes". Physical Review Letters. 96 (11): 111102. arXiv:gr-qc/0511103. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96k1102B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.111102. PMID 16605809. S2CID 23409406.
R. Aaij et al. (LHCb collaboration) (2015). "Observation of J/ψp resonances consistent with pentaquark states in Λ⁰
_b→J/ψK⁻p decays". Physical Review Letters. 115 (7): 072001. arXiv:1507.03414. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115g2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.072001. PMID 26317714. S2CID 119204136.
Rafelski, Johann (2020). "Discovery of Quark-Gluon Plasma: Strangeness Diaries". The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 229 (1): 1–140. arXiv:1911.00831. Bibcode:2020EPJST.229....1R. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2019-900263-x. ISSN 1951-6355.
Nicastro, F.; Kaastra, J.; Krongold, Y.; Borgani, S.; Branchini, E.; Cen, R.; Dadina, M.; Danforth, C. W.; Elvis, M.; Fiore, F.; Gupta, A.; Mathur, S.; Mayya, D.; Paerels, F.; Piro, L.; Rosa-Gonzalez, D.; Schaye, J.; Shull, J. M.; Torres-Zafra, J.; Wijers, N.; Zappacosta, L. (June 2018). "Observations of the missing baryons in the warm–hot intergalactic medium". Nature. 558 (7710): 406–409. arXiv:1806.08395. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..406N. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0204-1. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 29925969. S2CID 49347964.
Helled, Ravit; Galanti, Eli; Kaspi, Yohai (2015). "Saturn's fast spin determined from its gravitational field and oblateness". Nature. 520 (7546): 202–204. arXiv:1504.02561. Bibcode:2015Natur.520..202H. doi:10.1038/nature14278. PMID 25807487. S2CID 4468877.
Wilczek, Frank (2012). "Quantum Time Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 109 (16): 160401. arXiv:1202.2539. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109p0401W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.160401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23215056. S2CID 1312256.
Shapere, Alfred; Wilczek, Frank (2012). "Classical Time Crystals". Physical Review Letters. 109 (16): 160402. arXiv:1202.2537. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109p0402S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.160402. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23215057. S2CID 4506464.
Khemani, Vedika; Lazarides, Achilleas; Moessner, Roderich; Sondhi, S. L. (21 June 2016). "Phase Structure of Driven Quantum Systems". Physical Review Letters. 116 (25): 250401. arXiv:1508.03344. Bibcode:2016PhRvL.116y0401K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.250401. PMID 27391704. S2CID 883197.
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