Llama (English Wikipedia)

Linda March. "Llamas: A Different Kind of Pet". University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2009.

bbc.co.uk

Anning, Caroline. (22 May 2011) BBC News – Inca success in Peruvian Andes 'thanks to llama dung'. BBC.co.uk. Retrieved on 21 August 2011.

bluemoonranch.net

Frequently Asked Questions - Blue Moon Ranch Alpacas

books.google.com

Murray E. Fowler (1998). Medicine and Surgery of South American Camelids. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 1. ISBN 0-8138-0397-7.
Chris Cebra; David E. Anderson; Ahmed Tibary; Robert J. Van Saun; LaRue Willard Johnson (15 February 2014). Llama and Alpaca Care: Medicine, Surgery, Reproduction, Nutrition, and Herd Health. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-24291-2.
Hardoy, Jorge Henríque (1973). Pre-Columbian Cities. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 978-0802703804.
Juan Bautista Ignacio Molina (1808). The geographical, natural and civil history of Chili, tr. by an American gentleman. Vol. II. pp. 15–16. Retrieved 22 August 2011.

cnn.com

"Do you know what's happening to your clothing donations?". CNN. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2020.

edition.cnn.com

"Will Wright on creating 'The Sims' and 'SimCity' - November 30, 2000". CNN. 30 November 2000. Retrieved 3 October 2022.

colostate.edu

vivo.colostate.edu

"Dental anatomy of llamas". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Colorado State University. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.

doi.org

Wheeler, Dr Jane; Miranda Kadwell; Matilde Fernandez; Helen F. Stanley; Ricardo Baldi; Raul Rosadio; Michael W. Bruford (December 2001). "Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 268 (1485): 2575–2584. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1774. PMC 1088918. PMID 11749713. 0962-8452 (Paper) 1471–2954 (Online).
Prothero, Donald R (16 April 2009). "Evolutionary Transitions in the Fossil Record of Terrestrial Hoofed Mammals". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2). 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.: 289–302. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0136-1. S2CID 32344744.
Grayson, Donald K. (1991). "Late Pleistocene mammalian extinctions in North America: Taxonomy, chronology, and explanations". Journal of World Prehistory. 5 (3). Springer Netherlands: 193–231. doi:10.1007/BF00974990. S2CID 162363534.
Chen, B.X.; Yuen, Z.X.; Pan, G.W. (1985). "Semen-induced ovulation in the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)". J. Reprod. Fertil. 74 (2): 335–339. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0740335. PMID 3900379.
Gade, Daniel W. (1996). "Carl Troll on Nature and Culture in the Andes (Carl Troll über die Natur und Kultur in den Anden)". Erdkunde. 50 (4): 301–316. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1996.04.02.
Bonacic, Cristián (1991). "Características biológicas y productivas de los camélidos sudamericanos". Avances en Ciencias Veterinarias (in Spanish). 6 (2). doi:10.5354/0716-260x.1991.4642.
Torrejón, Fernando; Cisternas, Marco; Araneda, Alberto (2004). "Efectos ambientales de la colonización española desde el río Maullín al archipiélago de Chiloé, sur de Chile" [Environmental effects of the spanish colonization from de Maullín river to the Chiloé archipelago, southern Chile]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 77 (4): 661–677. doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2004000400009.

epicgames.com

"What are Loot Llamas?". Epic Games.

exploringnature.org

Amsel, Sheri (13 November 2017). "Llama thoracic and abdominal organs (right view)". Exploring Nature.

health.com

"Here's How Llamas Could Help Scientists Get Closer to Stopping the Coronavirus Pandemic". Health.com. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

illinois.edu

vetmed.illinois.edu

Linda March. "Llamas: A Different Kind of Pet". University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2009.

itis.gov

"Lama". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 5 January 2013.

llama-llama.com

"History of Llamas North America". Buckhorn Llama Co.

llama.org

Beula Williams (17 April 2007). "Llama Fiber". International Llama Association. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2007.

llamapaedia.com

Greta Stamberg & Derek Wilson (12 April 2007). "Induced Ovulation". Llamapaedia. Archived from the original on 12 April 2007.
Greta Stamberg & Derek Wilson (2 September 1997). "Behavior: Sounds". Llamapedia. Archived from the original on 15 October 2006.

llamasofatlanta.com

"Llama facts 1". Llamas of Atlanta. 25 June 2007. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2014.

llamaweb.com

"The llama reproductive cycle". LlamaWeb. 17 April 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007.

modernfarmer.com

Barnett, Kaitlin Bell (6 November 2014). "Alpacas: Lovable Lawnmowers No More". Modern Farmer. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

nationalgeographic.com

"Little Llamas". Inca culture. 10 October 2006. Archived from the original on 7 September 2006.

nbcnews.com

McCausland, Phil (14 April 2019). "Agriculture census finds that llamas are disappearing. What happened?". NBC News. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

ndsu.edu

ag.ndsu.edu

Randy Sell (17 April 2007). "Llama". Department of Agricultural Economics, North Dakota State University.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wheeler, Dr Jane; Miranda Kadwell; Matilde Fernandez; Helen F. Stanley; Ricardo Baldi; Raul Rosadio; Michael W. Bruford (December 2001). "Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 268 (1485): 2575–2584. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1774. PMC 1088918. PMID 11749713. 0962-8452 (Paper) 1471–2954 (Online).
Chen, B.X.; Yuen, Z.X.; Pan, G.W. (1985). "Semen-induced ovulation in the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)". J. Reprod. Fertil. 74 (2): 335–339. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0740335. PMID 3900379.
L. W. Johnson (17 April 2007). "Llama reproduction". College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 89 (11). National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health: 219–22. PMID 7232.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wheeler, Dr Jane; Miranda Kadwell; Matilde Fernandez; Helen F. Stanley; Ricardo Baldi; Raul Rosadio; Michael W. Bruford (December 2001). "Genetic analysis reveals the wild ancestors of the llama and the alpaca". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 268 (1485): 2575–2584. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1774. PMC 1088918. PMID 11749713. 0962-8452 (Paper) 1471–2954 (Online).

nose-n-toes.com

"Llama characteristics". Nose-n-Toes. 25 June 2007.

nps.gov

"The Camels". U.S. National Park Service. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2024.

nytimes.com

Kramer, Jillian (6 May 2020). "Hoping Llamas Will Become Coronavirus Heroes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

okstate.edu

ansi.okstate.edu

"Llama". Oklahoma State University. 25 June 2007.

pbs.org

Jared Diamond (12 April 2007). "Guns, Germs & Steel. The Show: Episode Two". PBS.
Jared Diamond (12 April 2007). "Guns, Germs & Steel. The story of ... Llamas". PBS.

priceonomics.com

Cima, Rosie (14 August 2015). "When the Great Alpaca Bubble Burst". Priceonomics.

scielo.cl

Torrejón, Fernando; Cisternas, Marco; Araneda, Alberto (2004). "Efectos ambientales de la colonización española desde el río Maullín al archipiélago de Chiloé, sur de Chile" [Environmental effects of the spanish colonization from de Maullín river to the Chiloé archipelago, southern Chile]. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 77 (4): 661–677. doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2004000400009.

scla.us

South Central Llama Association (22 January 2009). "Llama Facts 2".

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Prothero, Donald R (16 April 2009). "Evolutionary Transitions in the Fossil Record of Terrestrial Hoofed Mammals". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2). 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.: 289–302. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0136-1. S2CID 32344744.
Grayson, Donald K. (1991). "Late Pleistocene mammalian extinctions in North America: Taxonomy, chronology, and explanations". Journal of World Prehistory. 5 (3). Springer Netherlands: 193–231. doi:10.1007/BF00974990. S2CID 162363534.

smartt.com

personal.smartt.com

Brian and Jane Pinkerton (17 May 2008). "Llama Sounds". Humm Page. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.

springer.com

Gade, Daniel (2016). "Urubamba Verticality: Reflections on Crops and Diseases". Spell of the Urubamba: Anthropogeographical Essays on an Andean Valley in Space and Time. Springer. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-319-20849-7.

theconversation.com

Wakild, Emily (18 December 2020). "Llamas are having a moment in the US, but they've been icons in South America for millennia". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 September 2021.

theguardian.com

Mathew Cantor (17 May 2020). "'Llamas are the real unicorns': why they could be our secret weapon against coronavirus". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2020.

thewalters.org

art.thewalters.org

"Llama Effigy". The Walters Art Museum.

twincreeksllamas.com

"Llama FAQ". Twin Creeks Llamas. 25 June 2007.

ufl.edu

floridamuseum.ufl.edu

"Mixson's Bone Bed". Florida Museum. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2024.

usda.gov

naldc.nal.usda.gov

Jean Larson; Judith Ho (25 June 2007). "Information Resources on the South American Camelids: Llamas, Alpacas, Guanacos, and Vicunas 1943–2006". Archived from the original on 2 May 2014.

veteriankey.com

Fowler, Murray E. (1 October 2016). "Camelids are not ruminants". Verterian Key (Veterinary Medicine Insight Engine). Chapter 46. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

web.archive.org

"Llama facts 1". Llamas of Atlanta. 25 June 2007. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
"Dental anatomy of llamas". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Colorado State University. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
Greta Stamberg & Derek Wilson (12 April 2007). "Induced Ovulation". Llamapaedia. Archived from the original on 12 April 2007.
"The llama reproductive cycle". LlamaWeb. 17 April 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007.
Greta Stamberg & Derek Wilson (2 September 1997). "Behavior: Sounds". Llamapedia. Archived from the original on 15 October 2006.
Brian and Jane Pinkerton (17 May 2008). "Llama Sounds". Humm Page. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.
Walker, Cameron. "Guard Llamas Keep Sheep Safe From Coyotes." National Geographic, 10 June 2003.
"Guard Llamas: An Alternative for Effective Predator Management". Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
Beula Williams (17 April 2007). "Llama Fiber". International Llama Association. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2007.
"Little Llamas". Inca culture. 10 October 2006. Archived from the original on 7 September 2006.
Jean Larson; Judith Ho (25 June 2007). "Information Resources on the South American Camelids: Llamas, Alpacas, Guanacos, and Vicunas 1943–2006". Archived from the original on 2 May 2014.

whyllama.com

"Guard Llamas: An Alternative for Effective Predator Management". Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2010.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Frank, Eduardo; Antonini, Marco; Toro, Oscar (2008). South American camelids research. Volume 2. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-8686-648-9. OCLC 846966060.
Kramer, Jillian (6 May 2020). "Hoping Llamas Will Become Coronavirus Heroes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

worldcat.org

Frank, Eduardo; Antonini, Marco; Toro, Oscar (2008). South American camelids research. Volume 2. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-8686-648-9. OCLC 846966060.

yanantin-alpaca.com

Eveline. "Is Alpaca Wool Hypoallergenic? (Lanolin Free)". Yanantin Alpaca. Retrieved 16 October 2021.