Logic (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Logic" in English language version.

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Iqbal 2013, pp. 99–115, The Spirit of Muslim Culture. Iqbal, Mohammad (2013). "The Spirit of Muslim Culture". The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Stanford University Press. pp. 99–115. ISBN 978-0-8047-8686-7.

arxiv.org

Paulson 2018, pp. 1–14; Castaño 2018, p. 2; Wile, Goss & Roesner 2005, p. 447. Paulson, Lawrence C. (February 2018). "Computational Logic: Its Origins and Applications". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 474 (2210): 1–14. arXiv:1712.04375. Bibcode:2018RSPSA.47470872P. doi:10.1098/rspa.2017.0872. PMC 5832843. PMID 29507522. S2CID 3805901. Castaño, Arnaldo Pérez (23 May 2018). Practical Artificial Intelligence: Machine Learning, Bots, and Agent Solutions Using C#. Apress. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4842-3357-3. Wile, Bruce; Goss, John; Roesner, Wolfgang (2005). Comprehensive Functional Verification: The Complete Industry Cycle. Elsevier. p. 447. ISBN 978-0-08-047664-3.

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Velleman 2006, pp. 8, 103. Velleman, Daniel J. (2006). How to Prove It: A Structured Approach. Cambridge University Press. p. 8, 103. ISBN 978-0-521-67599-4.
Nunes 2011, pp. 2066–2069. Nunes, Terezinha (2011). "Logical Reasoning and Learning". In Seel, Norbert M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2066–2069. ISBN 978-1-4419-1427-9.
Hintikka 2019, §Nature and varieties of logic; Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics; Schlesinger, Keren-Portnoy & Parush 2001, p. 220. Hintikka, Jaakko J. (2019). "Philosophy of logic". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2021. Haack, Susan (1978). "1. 'Philosophy of logics'". Philosophy of Logics. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-0-521-29329-7. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Schlesinger, I. M.; Keren-Portnoy, Tamar; Parush, Tamar (1 January 2001). The Structure of Arguments. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 220. ISBN 978-90-272-2359-3.
Craig 1996, Formal and informal logic; Barnes 2007, p. 274; Planty-Bonjour 2012, p. 62; Rini 2010, p. 26. Craig, Edward (1996). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Barnes, Jonathan (25 January 2007). Truth, etc.: Six Lectures on Ancient Logic. Clarendon Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-19-151574-3. Planty-Bonjour, Guy (2012). The Categories of Dialectical Materialism: Contemporary Soviet Ontology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 62. ISBN 978-94-010-3517-0. Rini, Adriane (13 December 2010). Aristotle's Modal Proofs: Prior Analytics A8-22 in Predicate Logic. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 26. ISBN 978-94-007-0050-5.
Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13–16; Makridis 2022, pp. 1–2; Runco & Pritzker 1999, p. 155. Hintikka, Jaakko; Sandu, Gabriel (2006). "What is Logic?". In Jacquette, D. (ed.). Philosophy of Logic. North Holland. pp. 13–39. ISBN 978-0-444-51541-4. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Makridis, Odysseus (2022). Symbolic Logic. Springer Nature. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-3-030-67396-3. Runco, Mark A.; Pritzker, Steven R. (1999). Encyclopedia of Creativity. Academic Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-12-227075-8.
Craig 1996, Formal languages and systems; Simpson 2008, p. 14. Craig, Edward (1996). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Simpson, R. L. (2008). Essentials of Symbolic Logic (3rd ed.). Broadview Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-77048-495-5.
Haack 1978, pp. 5–7, 9, Philosophy of logics; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 31–2; Haack 1996, pp. 229–30. Haack, Susan (1978). "1. 'Philosophy of logics'". Philosophy of Logics. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-0-521-29329-7. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Hintikka, Jaakko; Sandu, Gabriel (2006). "What is Logic?". In Jacquette, D. (ed.). Philosophy of Logic. North Holland. pp. 13–39. ISBN 978-0-444-51541-4. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Haack, Susan (1996). Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31133-3.
Johnson 2014, pp. 228–9. Johnson, Ralph H. (15 July 2014). The Rise of Informal Logic: Essays on Argumentation, Critical Thinking, Reasoning and Politics. University of Windsor. ISBN 978-0-920233-71-9.
Blair & Johnson 2000, pp. 93–107; Groarke 2021, lead section; 1.1 Formal and Informal Logic; van Eemeren et al., p. 169. Blair, J. Anthony; Johnson, Ralph H. (2000). "Informal Logic: An Overview". Informal Logic. 20 (2): 93–107. doi:10.22329/il.v20i2.2262. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Groarke, Leo (2021). "Informal Logic". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2021. van Eemeren, Frans H.; Grootendorst, Rob; Johnson, Ralph H.; Plantin, Christian; Willard, Charles A. (2013). Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory: A Handbook of Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments. Routledge. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-136-68804-1.
Oaksford & Chater 2007, p. 47. Oaksford, Mike; Chater, Nick (2007). Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning. OUP Oxford. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-19-852449-6.
Falikowski & Mills 2022, p. 98; Weddle 2011, pp. 383–8, 36. Informal logic and the eductive-inductive distinction; Blair 2011, p. 47. Falikowski, Anthony; Mills, Susan (2022). Experiencing Philosophy (2nd ed.). Broadview Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-77048-841-0. Weddle, Perry (2011). "Chapter 36. Informal logic and the eductive-inductive distinction". Across the Lines of Disciplines. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 383–388. doi:10.1515/9783110867718.383. ISBN 978-3-11-086771-8. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022. Blair, J. Anthony (20 October 2011). Groundwork in the Theory of Argumentation: Selected Papers of J. Anthony Blair. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 47. ISBN 978-94-007-2363-4.
Vickers 2022; Nunes 2011, pp. 2066–9, Logical Reasoning and Learning. Vickers, John M. (2022). "Inductive Reasoning". Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 January 2023. Nunes, Terezinha (2011). "Logical Reasoning and Learning". In Seel, Norbert M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2066–2069. ISBN 978-1-4419-1427-9.
Johnson 2014, p. 181; Johnson 1999, p. 267; Blair & Johnson 1987, pp. 147–51. Johnson, Ralph H. (15 July 2014). The Rise of Informal Logic: Essays on Argumentation, Critical Thinking, Reasoning and Politics. University of Windsor. ISBN 978-0-920233-71-9. Johnson, Ralph H. (1999). "The Relation Between Formal and Informal Logic". Argumentation. 13 (3): 265–274. doi:10.1023/A:1007789101256. S2CID 141283158. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022. Blair, J. Anthony; Johnson, Ralph H. (1987). "The Current State of Informal Logic". Informal Logic. 9 (2): 147–51. doi:10.22329/il.v9i2.2671. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
Maltby, Day & Macaskill 2007, p. 564; Dowden. Maltby, John; Day, Liz; Macaskill, Ann (2007). Personality, Individual Differences and Intelligence. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-129760-9. Dowden, Bradley. "Fallacies". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
Haack 1974, p. 51. Haack, Susan (1974). Deviant Logic: Some Philosophical Issues. CUP Archive. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-20500-9.
Falguera, Martínez-Vidal & Rosen 2021; Tondl 2012, p. 111. Falguera, José L.; Martínez-Vidal, Concha; Rosen, Gideon (2021). "Abstract Objects". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2022. Tondl, L. (2012). Problems of Semantics: A Contribution to the Analysis of the Language Science. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 111. ISBN 978-94-009-8364-9.
Olkowski & Pirovolakis 2019, pp. 65–66. Olkowski, Dorothea; Pirovolakis, Eftichis (31 January 2019). Deleuze and Guattari's Philosophy of Freedom: Freedom's Refrains. Routledge. pp. 65–66. ISBN 978-0-429-66352-9.
Gómez-Torrente 2019; Jago 2014, p. 41. Gómez-Torrente, Mario (2019). "Logical Truth". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021. Jago, Mark (2014). The Impossible: An Essay on Hyperintensionality. OUP Oxford. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-101915-9.
Magnus 2005, pp. 35–38, 3. Truth tables; Angell 1964, p. 164; Hall & O'Donnell 2000, p. 48. Magnus, P. D. (2005). Forall X: An Introduction to Formal Logic. Victoria, BC, Canada: State University of New York Oer Services. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-1-64176-026-3. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Angell, Richard B. (1964). Reasoning and Logic. Ardent Media. p. 164. OCLC 375322. Hall, Cordelia; O'Donnell, John (2000). Discrete Mathematics Using a Computer. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-85233-089-7.
Magnus 2005, pp. 35–45, 3. Truth tables; Angell 1964, p. 164. Magnus, P. D. (2005). Forall X: An Introduction to Formal Logic. Victoria, BC, Canada: State University of New York Oer Services. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-1-64176-026-3. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Angell, Richard B. (1964). Reasoning and Logic. Ardent Media. p. 164. OCLC 375322.
Tarski 1994, p. 40. Tarski, Alfred (1994). Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of the Deductive Sciences. Oxford University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-19-802139-1.
Blackburn 2008, argument; Stairs 2017, p. 343. Blackburn, Simon (1 January 2008). "argument". The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954143-0. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022. Stairs, Allen (2017). A Thinker's Guide to the Philosophy of Religion. Routledge. p. 343. ISBN 978-1-351-21981-5.
Copi, Cohen & Rodych 2019, p. 30. Copi, Irving M.; Cohen, Carl; Rodych, Victor (2019). Introduction to Logic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-38697-5.
Groarke 2021, 1.1 Formal and Informal Logic; Weddle 2011, pp. 383–8, 36. Informal logic and the eductive-inductive distinction; van Eemeren & Garssen 2009, p. 191. Groarke, Leo (2021). "Informal Logic". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2021. Weddle, Perry (2011). "Chapter 36. Informal logic and the eductive-inductive distinction". Across the Lines of Disciplines. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 383–388. doi:10.1515/9783110867718.383. ISBN 978-3-11-086771-8. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022. van Eemeren, Frans H.; Garssen, Bart (2009). Pondering on Problems of Argumentation: Twenty Essays on Theoretical Issues. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4020-9165-0.
Evans 2005, 8. Deductive Reasoning, p. 169. Evans, Jonathan St. B. T. (2005). "8. Deductive Reasoning". In Morrison, Robert (ed.). The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Cambridge University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-521-82417-0.
Dick & Müller 2017, p. 157. Dick, Anthony S.; Müller, Ulrich (2017). Advancing Developmental Science: Philosophy, Theory, and Method. Taylor & Francis. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-351-70456-4.
Rocci 2017, p. 26; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 13, 16; Douven 2021. Rocci, Andrea (8 March 2017). Modality in Argumentation: A Semantic Investigation of the Role of Modalities in the Structure of Arguments with an Application to Italian Modal Expressions. Springer. p. 26. ISBN 978-94-024-1063-1. Hintikka, Jaakko; Sandu, Gabriel (2006). "What is Logic?". In Jacquette, D. (ed.). Philosophy of Logic. North Holland. pp. 13–39. ISBN 978-0-444-51541-4. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Douven, Igor (2021). "Abduction". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
Cummings 2010, Abduction, p. 1. Cummings, Louise (2010). "Abduction". The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-135-21457-9. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
Hansen 2020; Chatfield 2017, p. 194. Hansen, Hans (2020). "Fallacies". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021. Chatfield, Tom (2017). Critical Thinking: Your Guide to Effective Argument, Successful Analysis and Independent Study. Sage. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-5264-1877-7.
Boris & Alexander 2017, p. 74; Cook 2009, p. 124. Boris, Kulik; Alexander, Fridman (30 November 2017). N-ary Relations for Logical Analysis of Data and Knowledge. IGI Global. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-5225-2783-1. Cook, Roy T. (2009). Dictionary of Philosophical Logic. Edinburgh University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7486-3197-1.
Flotyński 2020, p. 39; Berlemann & Mangold 2009, p. 194. Flotyński, Jakub (7 December 2020). Knowledge-Based Explorable Extended Reality Environments. Springer Nature. p. 39. ISBN 978-3-030-59965-2. Berlemann, Lars; Mangold, Stefan (10 July 2009). Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access. John Wiley & Sons. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-470-75443-6.
Gensler 2006, p. xliii; Font & Jansana 2017, p. 8. Gensler, Harry J. (2006). The A to Z of Logic. Scarecrow Press. pp. xliii–xliv. ISBN 978-1-4617-3182-5. Font, Josep Maria; Jansana, Ramon (2017). A General Algebraic Semantics for Sentential Logics. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-107-16797-1.
Moore & Carling 1982, p. 53; Enderton 2001, pp. 12–13, Sentential Logic. Moore, Terence; Carling, Christine (1982). Understanding Language: Towards a Post-Chomskyan Linguistics. Springer. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-349-16895-8. Enderton, Herbert (2001). A Mathematical Introduction to Logic. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-238452-3.
Lepore & Cumming 2012, p. 5. Lepore, Ernest; Cumming, Sam (14 September 2012). Meaning and Argument: An Introduction to Logic Through Language. John Wiley & Sons. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-118-45521-0.
Wasilewska 2018, pp. 145–6; Rathjen & Sieg 2022. Wasilewska, Anita (2018). Logics for Computer Science: Classical and Non-Classical. Springer. pp. 145–6. ISBN 978-3-319-92591-2. Rathjen, Michael; Sieg, Wilfried (2022). "Proof Theory". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
Sider 2010, pp. 34–42; Shapiro & Kouri Kissel 2022; Bimbo 2016, pp. 8–9. Sider, Theodore (2010). Logic for Philosophy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957558-9. Shapiro, Stewart; Kouri Kissel, Teresa (2022). "Classical Logic". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Bimbo, Katalin (2 April 2016). J. Michael Dunn on Information Based Logics. Springer. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-3-319-29300-4.
Restall & Standefer 2023, pp. 91; Enderton 2001, pp. 131–146, Chapter 2.5; van Dalen 1994, Chapter 1.5. Restall, Greg; Standefer, Shawn (2023). Logical Methods. MIT Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-262-54484-9. Enderton, Herbert (2001). A Mathematical Introduction to Logic. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-238452-3. van Dalen, Dirk (1994). Logic and Structure. Springer. Chapter 1.5. ISBN 978-0-387-57839-2.
Haack 1996, 1. 'Alternative' in 'Alternative Logic'. Haack, Susan (1996). Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31133-3.
Haack 1978, pp. 1–10, Philosophy of logics; Haack 1996, 1. 'Alternative' in 'Alternative Logic'; Wolf 1978, pp. 327–340. Haack, Susan (1978). "1. 'Philosophy of logics'". Philosophy of Logics. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–10. ISBN 978-0-521-29329-7. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Haack, Susan (1996). Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31133-3. Wolf, Robert G. (1978). "Are Relevant Logics Deviant?". Philosophia. 7 (2): 327–340. doi:10.1007/BF02378819. S2CID 143697796. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Smith 2022; Hurley 2015, 4. Categorical Syllogisms; Copi, Cohen & Rodych 2019, 6. Categorical Syllogisms. Smith, Robin (2022). "Aristotle's Logic". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 11 March 2023. Hurley, Patrick J. (2015). "4. Categorical Syllogisms". Logic: The Essentials. Wadsworth. pp. 189–237. ISBN 978-1-305-59041-0. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022. Copi, Irving M.; Cohen, Carl; Rodych, Victor (2019). Introduction to Logic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-38697-5.
Groarke; Hurley 2015, 4. Categorical Syllogisms; Copi, Cohen & Rodych 2019, 6. Categorical Syllogisms. Groarke, Louis F. "Aristotle: Logic". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022. Hurley, Patrick J. (2015). "4. Categorical Syllogisms". Logic: The Essentials. Wadsworth. pp. 189–237. ISBN 978-1-305-59041-0. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022. Copi, Irving M.; Cohen, Carl; Rodych, Victor (2019). Introduction to Logic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-38697-5.
Hurley 2015, 4. Categorical Syllogisms. Hurley, Patrick J. (2015). "4. Categorical Syllogisms". Logic: The Essentials. Wadsworth. pp. 189–237. ISBN 978-1-305-59041-0. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
Spriggs 2012, pp. 20–2. Spriggs, John (2012). GSN – The Goal Structuring Notation: A Structured Approach to Presenting Arguments. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-1-4471-2312-5.
Hintikka 2019, §Nature and varieties of logic, §Alternative logics; Hintikka & Sandu 2006, pp. 27–8; Bäck 2016, p. 317. Hintikka, Jaakko J. (2019). "Philosophy of logic". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2021. Hintikka, Jaakko; Sandu, Gabriel (2006). "What is Logic?". In Jacquette, D. (ed.). Philosophy of Logic. North Holland. pp. 13–39. ISBN 978-0-444-51541-4. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Bäck, Allan T. (2016). Aristotle's Theory of Predication. Brill. p. 317. ISBN 978-90-04-32109-0.
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Garson 2023; Carnielli & Pizzi 2008, p. 3; Benthem. Garson, James (2023). "Modal Logic". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 11 March 2023. Carnielli, Walter; Pizzi, Claudio (2008). Modalities and Multimodalities. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4020-8590-1. Benthem, Johan van. "Modal Logic: Contemporary View: 1. Modal Notions and Reasoning Patterns: a First Pass". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
Audi 1999b, Philosophy of logic; Väänänen 2021; Daintith & Wright 2008, Predicate calculus. Audi, Robert (1999b). "Philosophy of logic". The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 679–681. ISBN 978-1-107-64379-6. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021. Väänänen, Jouko (2021). "Second-order and Higher-order Logic". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021. Daintith, John; Wright, Edmund (2008). A Dictionary of Computing. OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-923400-4.
Haack 1996, 1. 'Alternative' in 'Alternative Logic'; Wolf 1978, pp. 327–340. Haack, Susan (1996). Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31133-3. Wolf, Robert G. (1978). "Are Relevant Logics Deviant?". Philosophia. 7 (2): 327–340. doi:10.1007/BF02378819. S2CID 143697796. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
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Sider 2010, Chapter 3.4; Gamut 1991, 5.5; Zegarelli 2010, p. 30. Sider, Theodore (2010). Logic for Philosophy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957558-9. Gamut, L.T.F. (1991). Logic, Language and Meaning Vol 1: Introduction to Logic. University of Chicago Press. 5.5. ISBN 978-0-226-28085-1. Zegarelli, Mark (2010). Logic For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-118-05307-2. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
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Shermer 2022, p. 136. Shermer, Michael (25 October 2022). Conspiracy: Why the Rational Believe the Irrational. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-4445-1.
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