Robert W. Floyd (1967). "Assigning Meanings to Programs"(PDF). In J.T. Schwartz (ed.). Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics. Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science. Vol. 19. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. pp. 19–32.
Pearce, David J.; Groves, Lindsay (2015). "Designing a Verifying Compiler: Lessons Learned from Developing Whiley". Science of Computer Programming. 113: 191–220. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2015.09.006.
ethz.ch
se.ethz.ch
Carlo A. Furia, Bertrand Meyer and Sergey Velder. "Loop invariants: analysis, classification, and examples."ACM Computing Surveys. vol. 46, no. 3, February 2014([1]